Yield Performances of Cereal Varieties in Various Crop Rotations Under Mediterranean Dryland Areas

Abstract

Because most of the dryland cereal varieties were improved under fallow/cereal rotation system, their performances in other cropping systems were questionable and reported unsatisfactory by some farmers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the performances and adaptation of newly registered varieties in different two course rotations for targeted recommendations. 12 cereal varieties were tried on 9 different 23-year-crop rotations plots for three consecutive years, 1999/2000, 2000/2001, 2001/2002. The varieties were 4 barley (malting two rowed Aydanhanim, and feeding Tarm and six rowed Çetin and Avci), 4 durum wheat (Altın, Ankara, Altıntaş, and Yılmaz), and 4 bread (Dağdaş, Gün, Kırgız and Mızrak) wheat. The cereal varieties were rotated with fallow, wheat, winter vetch, winter lentil, sunflower, safflower, lentil, chickpea and barley/vetch mixture. Grain and biomass yields, plant height, harvest index, kernel per spike, kernel weight and spike number per square meter were traits determined. Biplot analysis showed that responses of cereal varieties varied in dry (2001), wet and cold (2000) and normal (2003) seasons. Overall evaluations of responses indicated that some varieties adapted more to certain rotations than other varieties such as Aydanhanım for Safflower/cereal rotation. There was a general tendency that Tarm and Gün varieties performed well in winter cold and dry seasons in all rotations. Dağdaş yielded pretty well following winter legumes and winter legume/cereal mixture except dry season. Six rowed barleys, Altıntaş and Yılmaz, were better in mild winter season in all rotations. Traits correlations indicated that spike number per square meter was always positively correlated with grain yields for all experimental seasons. While all yield components had positive contribution to the grain yields in wet season, kernel weight and kernel per spike had negative contribution to grain yields in the dry season. General evaluation showed that cereals succeeding chickpea and spring lentil crops were leading in terms of height, biomass, harvest index and grain yields, except cereals following fallow which were exceptionally superior in dry season. They also had higher kernel weight in dry and normal seasons