Abstract
Prof. Dr. Pieter Hendrik (Piet) Nienhuis worked for almost 40 years in all aspects of aquatic ecology and environmental science and retired on 31 October 2003. He can be characterised as a distinguished scientist, shaped in an applied estuarine and aquatic research ambience of the former Delta Institute for Hydrobiological Research (DIHO) in Yerseke in the Netherlands. His appointment as a full professor at the Radboud University Nijmegen offered him a challenging step from monodisciplinarity in ecology, via multidisciplinarity in the application of ecological knowledge in river science to interdisciplinarity in environmental science and management. This paper describes his education, teaching activities, research, scientific publications, science management, and significance for various scientific disciplines. He made important contributions to biosystematics of angiosperms and algae, the ecology of seagrasses, nutrient cycling and eutrophication in estuarine ecosystems, and the integrated modelling of the ecological functioning of estuaries. Subsequently, he paid much attention to environmental problems in river basins, ecological rehabilitation and sustainable development. His work influenced the view of ecologists, aquatic scientists and water managers in the Netherlands as well as abroad, in particular regarding the drawbacks of compartmentalization of the estuaries and the importance of connectivity and morphodynamics in river systems. In hindsight, it appears as a logical line that he gradually moved from estuarine ecological research that became increasingly driven by societal and environmental problems to the field of environmental science and management.
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References
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Appendix: International journal and book publications of Nienhuis & co-workers
Nienhuis, P. H., 1968. The algal vegetation of a brackish inland water basin in the Netherlands (Gat van Ouwerkerk). Acta Botanica Neerlandia 17: 26–32.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1969. The significance of the substratum for intertidal algal growth on the artificial rocky shore of the Netherlands. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie 54: 207–215.
Sterk, A. A., W. M. van der Leeuw, P. H. Nienhuis & J. Simons, 1969. Biotaxonomic notes on the Rumex acetosella complex in the Netherlands. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 18: 597–604.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1970. The benthic algal communities of flats and salt marshes in the Grevelingen, a sea-arm in the South-Western Netherlands. Netherlands Journal Sea Research 5: 20–49.
Nienhuis, P. H. & J. Simons, 1971. Vaucheria species and some other algae on a Dutch salt marsh, with ecological notes on their periodicity. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 20: 107–118.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1973. Salt marsh and beach plain as a habitat for benthic algae. Hydrobiological Bullletin 7: 15–24.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1973. The use of permanent sample plots in studying the quantitative ecology of algae in salt marshes. Proceedings eleventh International Seaweed Symposium, University of Tokyo Press: 251–254.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1974. Variability in the life cycle of Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. (Chlorophyceae: Cladophorales) under Dutch estuarine conditions. Hydrobiological Bulletin 8: 172–178.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1975. Biosystematics and ecology of Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. (Chlorophyceae: Cladophorales) in the estuarine area of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt. Ph. D. Thesis Rijksuniversiteit Groningen: 1–240.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1976. Dynamics of environment and algal vegetation in salt marshes in the S. W. Netherlands. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 25: 120–121.
Nienhuis, P. H. & B. H. H. de Bree, 1977. Production and ecology of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Grevelingen estuary, the Netherlands, before and after the closure. Hydrobiologia 52: 55–66.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1978. Primary production in the Grevelingen. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 27: 94.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1978. An ecosystem study in Lake Grevelingen, a former estuary in the SW Netherlands. Kieler Meeresforschung Sonderheft 4: 247–255.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1978. Dynamics of benthic algal vegetation and environment in Dutch estuarine salt marshes, studied by means of permanent quadrats. Vegetatio 38: 103–112.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1978. Lake Grevelingen: a case study of ecosystem changes in a closed estuary. Hydrobiological Bulletin 12: 246–259.
Nienhuis, P. H. & E. J. van Ierland, 1978. Consumption of eelgrass, Zostera marina, by birds and invertebrates during the growing season in Lake Grevelingen (SW Netherlands). Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 12: 180–194.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1979. Ecology and production of eelgrass in the former Grevelingen estuary, an evolving saline lake in the S. W. Netherlands. In R. L. Jefferies & A. J. Davy (eds), Ecological processes in coastal environments. Blackwell Scientific Publishers. Oxford:650.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1980. The eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) subsystem in brackish Lake Grevelingen: production and decomposition of organic matter. Ophelia, Supplement 1: 113–116.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1980. The study of the organic carbon cycle in brackish Lake Grevelingen (SW Netherlands). Hydrobiological Bulletin 13: 75–76.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1980. The role of macrophytes, especially Zostera marina, in the organic carbon cycle of Lake Grevelingen. Hydrobiological Bulletin 13: 79–80.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1980. The epilithic algal vegetation in the SWNetherlands. Nova Hedwigia 33: 1–94.
Nienhuis, P. H. & B. H. H. de Bree, 1980. Production and growth dynamics of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in brackish Lake Grevelingen (The Netherlands). Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 14: 102–118.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1981. Distribution of organic matter in living marine organisms. In Duursma, E. K. & R. Dawson (eds), Marine Organic Chemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Elsevier Oceanography Series 31: 31–69.
Nienhuis, P. H. & B. H. H. de Bree, 1981. Morphological variability in Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. (Chlorophyceae: Cladophorales) under natural and experimental Conditions. Proceed. 8th Internat. Seaweed Symp. Bangor, North Wales, 1974. In Fogg, G. E. & W. J. Jones (eds), The Marine Science Laboratory Menai Bridge: 434–442.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1981. Manipulations with the tidal factor: a functional comparative approach for two Dutch estuaries. Estuaries 4:278.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1982. Attached Sargassum muticum found in the SW Netherlands. Aquatic Botany 12: 189–195.
Prud′homme van Reine, W. F. & P. H. Nienhuis, 1982. Occurrence of the brown algae Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt in the Netherlands. Botanica Marina 25: 37–39.
Daemen, E. A. M. J., H. Pankow & P. H. Nienhuis, 1982. The benthic diatom-flora of saline Lake Grevelingen (SW Netherlands). Acta Botanica Neerlandia 31: 153–167.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1982. A simulation model of production, seasonal changes in biomass and distribution of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Lake Grevelingen. Hydrobiological Bulletin 16: 286.
Verhagen, J. H. G. & P. H. Nienhuis, 1983. A simulation model of production of eelgrass (Zostera marina), seasonal changes in biomass and its distribution in Lake Grevelingen. Marine Ecology Progress Series 10: 187–195.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1983. Temporal and spatial patterns of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in a former estuary in the Netherlands, dominated by human activities. Marine Technology Society Journal 17: 69–77.
Nienhuis, P. H. & J. C. Huis in ′t Veld, 1984. Grevelingen: from an estuary to a saline lake. Water Science & Technology 16: 27–50.
Bannink, B. A., W. P. A. Broeders, M. Knoester, L. Lijklema & P. H. Nienhuis (eds), 1984. Integration of ecological aspects in coastal engineering projects. Proceedings Symposium Rotterdam 6–10 June 1983. Water Science & Technology 16: 1–829.
Lambeck, R. H. D., H. J. Lindeboom & P. H. Nienhuis (eds), 1984. Lake Grevelingen: from an estuary to a saline lake. Structure and functioning of an evolving marine ecosystem. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 18: 179–528.
Bannink, B. A., J. H. M. van der Meulen & P. H. Nienhuis, 1984. Lake Grevelingen: from an estuary to a saline lake. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 18: 179–190.
Nienhuis, P. H. & B. H. H. de Bree, 1984. Carbon fixation and chlorophyll in bottom sediments of brackish Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 18: 337–359.
Meulstee, C., P. H. Nienhuis & H. T. C. van Stokkom, 1986. Biomass assessment of estuarine macrophytobenthos using aerial photography. Marine Biology 91: 331–335.
Nienhuis, P. H. & A. M. Groenendijk, 1986. Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) by birds and invertebrates: an annual budget. Marine Ecology Progress Series 29: 29–35.
Vermaat, J. E., M. J. M. Hootsmans & P. H. Nienhuis, 1987. Seasonal dynamics and above-ground production of a perennial intertidal seagrass population (Zostera noltii). Aquatic Botany 28: 287–299.
Critchley, A. T., P. H. Nienhuis & J. M. Verschuure, 1987. Presence and development of populations of the introduced brown alga Sargassum muticum in the SW Netherlands. Proceed. XIIth Int. Seaweed Symposium. Hydrobiologia 151/152: 245–255.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1986. Background levels of heavy metals in nine tropical seagrass species in Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17: 508–511.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1987. Ecology of salt-marsh algae in the Netherlands. A review. In Huiskes, A. H. L., C. W. P. M. Blom & J. Rozema (eds), Vegetation between land en sea. Junk, Dordrecht: 66–83.
Pellikaan, G. C. & P. H. Nienhuis, 1988. Nutrient uptake and release during growth and decomposition of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., and its effects on the nutrient dynamics of Lake Grevelingen. Aquatic Botany 30: 189–214.
Van de Willigen, A. H., J. M. W. Habets, Th. van Joost, E. Stolz & P. H. Nienhuis, 1988. Contact allergy to iodine in Japanese sargassum. Contact Dermatitis 18: 250–252.
Meulstee, C., P. H. Nienhuis & H. T. C. van Stokkom, 1988. Aerial photography for biomass assessment in the intertidal zone. International Journal of Remote Sensing 9: 1859–1867.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1989. Eutrophication of estuaries and brackish lagoons in the SW Netherlands. In J. C. Hooghart & C. W. S. Posthumus (eds), Hydro-ecological relations in the Deltawaters of the SW Netherlands. Proceedings & Information 41: 49–70, Den Haag.
Nienhuis, P. H., J. Coosen & H. Kiswara, 1989. Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna in the Flores Sea, Indonesia. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23: 197–214.
Scholten H., O. Klepper, P. H. Nienhuis & M. Knoester, 1990. Oosterschelde estuary (SW Netherlands): a self-sustaining ecosystem? Hydrobiologia 195: 201–215.
Pérez-Lloréns, J. L., M. Muchtar, F. X. Niell & P. H. Nienhuis, 1991. Particulate organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content in roots, rhizomes and differently aged leaves of Zostera noltii Hornem. in Oosterschelde estuary (Southwestern Netherlands). Botanica Marina 34: 319–322.
Van Lent, F., P. H. Nienhuis & J. M. Verschuure, 1991. Production and biomass of the seagrasses Zostera noltii Hornem. and Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Aschers. at the Banc d′Arguin (Mauritania, NW Africa): a preliminary approach. Aquatic Botany 41: 353–367.
Smaal, A. C., M. Knoester, P. H. Nienhuis & P. M. Meire, 1991. Changes in the Oosterschelde ecosystem induced by the Delta works. In Elliott, M. & J.-P. Ducrotoy (eds), Estuaries and coasts: spatial and temporal intercomparisons. ECSA 19 Symp. Olsen & Olsen, Fredenborg: 375–384.
Nienhuis, P. H. & R. H. D. Lambeck, 1991. Kees Bakker: Hydrobiologist. Hydrobiological Bulletin 25: 5–8.
Mathieson, A. C. & P. H. Nienhuis (eds), 1991. Intertidal and littoral ecosystems. Ecosystems of the world 24. Elsevier, London: 1–564.
Nienhuis, P. H. & A. C. Mathieson, 1991. Introduction. In Mathieson, A. C. & P. H. Nienhuis (eds), Intertidal and littoral ecosystems. Ecosystems of the world 24. Elsevier, London: 1–5.
De Heij, H. & P. H. Nienhuis, 1992. Intraspecific variation in isozyme patterns of phenotypically separated populations of Zostera marina L. in the south-west Netherlands. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 161: 1–14.
Smaal, A. C., J. van Buuren, R. Dijkema, W. Iedema, J. Mulder, P. H. Nienhuis, T. Pieters & B. Wetsteyn, 1992. Effects of a large-scale coastal engineering project. In N. Dankers, C. J. Smit & M. Scholl (eds), Proceedings 7th International Waddensea Symposium, 1990. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Publication Series 20: 285–288.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1992. Ecology of coastal lagoons in the Netherlands (Veerse Meer and Grevelingen). Vie et Milieu 42: 59–72.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1992. Eutrophication, water management and the functioning of Dutch estuaries and coastal lagoons. Estuaries 15: 538–548.
Smaal, A. C. & P. H. Nienhuis, 1992. The Eastern Scheldt (The Netherlands), from an estuary to a tidal bay: a review of responses at the ecosystem level. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 30: 161–173.
Perez-Llorens, J. L., P. de Visscher, P. H. Nienhuis & F. X. Niell, 1993. Light-dependent uptake, translocation and foliar release of phosphorus by the intertidal seagrass Zostera noltii Hornem. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 166: 165–174.
Wolff, W. J., J. van der Land, P. H. Nienhuis & P. A. W. J. de Wilde, 1993. The functioning of the ecosystem of the Banc D′Arguin, Mauritania: a review. Hydrobiologia 258: 211–222.
Wolff, W. J., J. van der Land, P. H. Nienhuis & P. A. W. J. de Wilde (eds), 1993. Ecological studies in the coastal waters of Mauritania. Developm. Hydrobiology 86/ Hydrobiologia 258: 1–222.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1993. Nutrient cycling and foodwebs in Dutch estuaries. Hydrobiologia 265: 15–44.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1993. Structure and functioning of Indonesian seagrass ecosystems, In M. K. Moosa, & H. H. de Iongh (eds), Coastal zone management of small island ecosystems, Proceedings International Seminar 7′10_April 1993, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon Indonesia: 82–86.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1994. Causes of the eelgrass wasting disease: Van der Werff’s changing theories. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 28: 55–61.
Nienhuis, P. H. & A. C. Smaal (eds), 1994. The Oosterschelde Estuary (The Netherlands): a case-study of a changing Ecosystem. Developments Hydrobiology 97 / Hydrobiologia 282/283: 1–597. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Nienhuis, P. H. & A. C. Smaal, 1994. The Oosterschelde estuary, a case-study of a changing estuary: an introduction. Hydrobiologia 282/283: 1–14.
Nienhuis, P. H., A. C. Smaal & M. Knoester, 1994. The Oosterschelde estuary: an evaluation of changes at the ecosystem level induced by civil-engineering works. Hydrobiologia 282/283: 575–592.
De Jong, D. J., P. H. Nienhuis & B. J. Kater, 1994. Microphytobenthos in the Oosterschelde estuary (The Netherlands), 1981–1990; consequences of a changed tidal regime. Hydrobiologia 282/283: 183–195.
Nieuwenhuize, J., P. L. A. Erftemeijer, Y. E. M. Maas, M. Verwaal & P. H. Nienhuis, 1994. Pre-treatment artefacts associated with the removal of calcareous epiphytes from seagrass leaves. Aquatic Botany 48: 355–361.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1994. Seaweeds in estuaries and salt marshes. In Lobban C. S. & P. J. Harrison (ed.), The physiological Ecology of Seaweeds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 85–87.
Nienhuis, P. H. & A. C. Smaal, 1994. The Oosterschelde (The Netherlands), an estuarine ecosystem under stress: discrimination between the effects of human-induced and natural stress. In Dyer, K. J. & R. J. Orth (eds), Changes in fluxes in estuaries: implications for science and management.
ECSA 22/ERF Symposium 1992 Plymouth; Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Danmark: 109–120.
Sterrenburg, F. A. S., P. L. A. Erftemeijer & P. H. Nienhuis, 1995. Diatoms as epiphytes on seagrasses in South Sulawesi (Indonesia). Comparison with growth on inert substrata. Botanica Marina 38: 1–7.
Nienhuis, P. H. & A. C. Smaal, 1995. The Oosterschelde (The Netherlands), an estuarine ecosystem under stress: discrimination between the effects of human-induced and natural stress. In Dyer, K. R. & R. J. Orth (eds), Changes in fluxes in estuaries: implications from science to management: 109–120.
De Leeuw, J. W., W. I. C. Rijpstra & P. H. Nienhuis, 1995. Free and bound fatty acids hydroxy fatty acids in the living and decomposing eelgrass Zostera marina L. Organic Geochemistry 23: 721–728.
Schramm, W. & P. H. Nienhuis (eds), 1996. Marine Benthic Vegetation; recent changes and the effects on Eutrophication, Ecological Studies 123, Springer, Berlin: 1–465.
Nienhuis, P. H., 1996. The North Sea coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. In Schramm, W. & P. H. Nienhuis (eds), Marine Benthic Vegetation; recent changes and the effects on eutrophication. Ecological Studies 123, Springer, Berlin: 187–221.
Herman, P. M. J., M. A. Hemminga, P. H. Nienhuis, J. M. Verschuure & E. G. J. Wessel, 1996. Wax and wane of eelgrass Zostera marina and water column silicon levels. Marine Ecology Progress Series 144: 303–307.
Nienhuis, P. H., B. H. H. de Bree, P. M. J. Herman, A. M. B. Holland, J. M. Verschuure & E. G. J. Wessel, 1996. Twentyfive years of changes in the distribution and biomass of eelgrass, Zostera marina, in Grevelingen lagoon, the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 30/2-3: 107–117.
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Leuven, R.S.E.W., van den Heuvel, P.J., van Katwijk, M.M., Herman, P.M.J., van der Velde, G., Ragas, A.M.J. (2006). Pieter Hendrik Nienhuis: aquatic ecologist and environmental scientist. In: Leuven, R.S.E.W., Ragas, A.M.J., Smits, A.J.M., van der Velde, G. (eds) Living Rivers: Trends and Challenges in Science and Management. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 187. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5367-3_1
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