Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 10))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anon 2002; Air pollution from ships. Swedish NGO Secretariat on Acid Rain. European Environmental Bureau. European Federation for Transport and Environment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon 2004; Banverket - Environment. www.banverket.se, updated December 2004 (accessed 4-01-2005).

  • Association of the American Railroads. 2002; Railroad Facts, 2002 Edition. Association of the American Railroads, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey D, Solomon G. 2004; Pollution prevention at ports: clearing the air. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 24: 749-774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkan CPL. 2004; Cost effectiveness of railroad fuel spill prevention using a new locomotive refuelling system. Transportation Research Part D, 9: 251-262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beasley G, Kneale P. 2002; Reviewing the impact of metals and PAHs on macroinvertebrates in urban watercourses. Progress in Physical Geography 26(2): 236-270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellinger DC. 2004; Lead. Paediatrics 113: 1016-1022.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bielefedldt AR, Illangasekare T, LaPlante R. 2004; Bioclogging of sand due to biodegradation of aircraft deicing fluid. Journal of Environmental Engineering 130: 1147-1153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bomboi MT, Hernandez A. 1991; Hydrocarbons in Urban Runoff: Their Contribution to the Wastewaters. Water Research 25(5): 557-565.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boxall ABA, Maltby L. 1997; The Effects of Motorway Runoff on Freshwater Ecosystems: 3. Toxicant Confirmation. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 33: 9-16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broster M, Pritchard C, Smith DA. 1974; Wheel/rail adhesion: its relation to rail contamination on British railways. Wear 29: 309-321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckler DR, Grenato GE. 1999; Assessing Biological Effects from Highway Runoff Constituents. US Department of Transportation. Open file report 99-240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cape JN, Tang YS, van Dijk N, Love L, Sutton MA, Palmer SCF. 2004; Concentrations of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at roadside verges, and their contribution to nitrogen deposition. Environmental Pollution 132 (3): 469-478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter TG. 1994; Pollution. In: Carpenter TG (ed) The environmental impact of railways, 165-183. Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark RB 2003; Marine Pollution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 237pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colvile RN, Hutchingson EJ, Mindell JS, Warren RF. 2001; The transport sector as a source of air pollution. Atmospheric Environment 35: 1537-1565.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper DA. 2003; Exhaust emissions from ships at berth. Atmospheric Environment 37: 3817-3830 .

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corbett J, Fischbeck P. 2001; Sources and transport of air pollution from ships: current understanding, implications and trends. Conference on marine vessels and air quality, EPA Region 9, Feb 2001, San Francisco, California; http://www.epa.gov/region09/air/marinevessel/ (accessed 10-5-2005).

  • Crick HQP. 2004; The impact of climate change on birds. Ibis 146: 48-56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crick HQP, Dudley C, Glue DE, Thomson DL. 1997; UK birds are laying eggs earlier. Nature 388 (6642): 526-52 .

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davoren M, Shuilleabhain SN, O'Halloran J, Hartl MGJ, Sheehan D, O'Brien NM, van Pelt FNAM, Mothersill C. 2005; A Test Battery Approach for the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Estuarine Sediments. Ecotoxicology 14:741-755.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donnelly A, Jennings E, Allot N. 2003; A review of liming options for afforested catchments in Ireland. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy103B: 91-105.

    Google Scholar 

  • EEA. 2001; European Environmental Agency. EMEP/CORINAIR Emissions Inventory Guidebook, 3rd Edition. EEA, Group 08.http://reports.eea.eu.int/EMEPCORINAIR3.

  • European Commission. 2002; Quantification of emissions from ships associated with ship movements between ports in the European Community. Entec UK Limited, July 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/air/background.htm#transport Accessed 10-05-2005.

  • European Environmental Agency. 2002; Annual European Community CLRTAP emission inventory 1990-2000. Technical Report 91. http://reports.eea.eu.int/technical_report_2002_73/en. (accessed 10-05-2005).

  • European Environment Agency. 2004; Impacts of Europe's changing climate. An indicator based assessment. EEA Report No 2/2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fankhauser S, Tol RSJ. 1996; Climate change costs recent advancements in the economic assessment. Energy Policy 24: 665-673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2003; Ultra-Urban Best Management Practices, US Department of Transportation.

    Google Scholar 

  • FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 1999; Environmental Technology Brief Office of Infastructure Research and Development, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Centre, 6300 Georgetown Pike, Mc Lean, VA 22101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genter, RB. 1996; Ecotoxicology of inorganic stress to algae. In: Stevenson RJ, Bothwell ML & Lowe RL (eds) Algal ecology - Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green JE. 2003; Civil aviation and the environmental challenge. Aeronautical Journal 107 (1072): 281-299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall A, Fielding AH, Butler M. 1979; Mechanisms of copper tolerance in the marine fouling alga Ectocarpus siliculosus- evidence for an exclusion mechanism. Marine Biology 54: 195-199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall JV, Winder AM, Kleinman MT, Lurmann FW, Brajer V, Colome SD. 1992; Valuing the health benefits of clean air. Science, 255: 812-817.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hares RJ, Ward NI. 1999; Comparison of the heavy metal content of motorway stormwater following discharge into wet bioinfiltration and dry detention ponds along the London Orbital (M25) Motorway. The Science of the Total Environment. 235: 169-178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison PA, Berry PM, Dawson TO. (eds) 2001; Climate Change and Nature Conservation in Britain and Ireland: Modelling natural resource responses to climate change (the Monarch project). UKCIP Technical report Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartl M, van Pelt FNM, O'Halloran J. 2005; Development and Application of sediment toxicity tests for regulatory purposes. In: Wiley Encyclopaedia of Water Pollution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt CN, Rashed MB. 1992; Removal rates of selected pollutants in the runoff waters from a major rural highway. Water Research 26(3): 311-319.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoagland KD, Carder JP, Spawn RL. 1996; Effects of organic toxic substances. In: Stevenson RJ, Bothwell ML & Lowe RL (eds) Algal ecology - Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Maritime Organisation. 1998; Annex VI to MARPOL 73/78 regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships and NOx technical code. Report IMO-664E.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC 2001a; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2001: the scientific basis. Contributions of working group I to the Third Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (J. Houghton et al., eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC 2001b; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2001: Mitigation. Contributions of working group III to the Third Assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isakson J, Persson TA, Selin Lindrgren E, 2001; Identification and assessment of ship emissions and their effects in the harbour of Göteborg, Sweden. Atmospheric Environment, 35: 3659-3666.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ketkar KW. 2002; The Oil Pollution Act of 1990: a decade later. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 7: 45-52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ketkar KW, Babu AJG. 1997; An analysis of oil spills from vessel traffic accidents. Transportation Research. Part D, 2: 35-41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lacaze JC. 1974; Ecotoxicology of crude oils and the use of experimental marine ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 5: 153-156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langston WJ. 1996; Recent developments in TBT ecotoxicology. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology News 3: 179-187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Law RJ, Blake SJ, Jones BR, Rogan E. 1998; Organotin compounds in liver tissue of harbour porpoises (Phocena phocena) and grey seals (Halchoerus grypus) from the coastal waters of England and Wales. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36: 241-247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legret M, Pagotto C. 1999; Evaluation of pollutant loadings in runoff waters from a major rural highway. The Science of the Total Environment 235: 143-150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maltby L, Boxall ABA, Forrow DM, Calow P, Betton CI. 1995b; The Effects of Motorway Runoff on Freshwater Ecosystems: 2. Identifying the Major Toxicants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14 (6): 1093-110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maltby L, Forrow DM, Boxall ABA, Calow P, Betton CI. 1995a. The Effects of Motorway Runoff on Freshwater Ecosystems: 1 Field Study. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14(6): 1079-1092.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsalek J, Rochfort Q, Brownlee B, Mayer T, Servos M. 1999; An exploratory study of urban runoff toxicity. Water Science and Technology 39(12): 33-39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meade N, Lapointe T, Anderson R. 1983; Multivariate analysis of worldwide tanker accidents. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkelson PS, Hafliger M, Ochs M, Tjell JC, Jacobsen P, Boller M. 1996: Experimental Assessment of soil and groundwater contamination from two old infiltration systems for road runoff in Switzerland. The Science of the Total Environment 189/190: 341-347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson M, Küller R. 2000; Travel behaviour and environmental concern. Transportation Research. Part D. 5: 211-234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oberts G. 1994; Performance of Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands in Winter. Watershed Protection Techniques. 1(2): 64-68.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien PY, Dixon PS 1976; The effects of oils and oil components on algae: a review. British Phycological Journal 11: 115-142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O'Reilly S, Morgan G, Heffron JJA, O'Halloran J. 2004; A review of the compostion, treatment and ecological effects of road runoff. In: Davenport J & Davenport JL (eds) The effects of human transsport on Ecosystems: Cars and Planes, Boats and Trains, 63-82. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen J. 1999; The environmental management of oil tanker routes in UK waters. Marine Policy 23: 289-306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagotto C, Legret M, Le Cloirec P. 2000; Comparison of the hydraulic behaviour and the quality of highway runoff according to the type of pavement. Water Research 34(18): 4446-4454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parmesan C, Galbraith H. 2004; Observed impacts of global climate change in the US. Pew Center Global Climate, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pison I, Menut L. 2004; Quantification of the impact of aircraft traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone over Paris area. Atmospheric Environment 38(7): 971-983.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Planas D. 1996; Acidification effects. In: Stevenson RJ, Bothwell ML & Lowe RL (eds) Algal ecology - Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice C. 2002; Restricting use of reverse thrust as an emissions reduction strategy. Transportation Research Record 1788 Paper no 02-3306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romilly R. 1999; Substitution of bus for car travel in urban Britain: an economic evaluation of bus and car exhaust emission and other costs. Transportation Research. Part D. 4: 109-125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sansalone JJ. 1999a; Absorptive infiltration of metals in urban drainage - media characteristics. The Science of the Total Environment 235: 179-188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sansalone JJ. 1999b; In-situ Performance of a Passive Treatment System for Metal Source Control. Water, Science and Technology 39(2): 193-200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sansalone JJ, Buchberger SG, Al-Abed SR. 1996; Fractionation of heavy metals in pavement runoff. The Science of the Total Environment 189/190: 371-378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schipper LJ, Fulton L. 2003; Carbon dioxide from transportation: Trends, Driving Factors and Forces for Change. In: Hencher DA & Button K (eds) Handbook of Transport and the Environment, 203-226. Handbooks in Transport. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schramm W. 1991; Seaweeds for waste water treatment and recycling of nutrients. In: Guiry MD & Blunden G (eds) Seaweed resources in Europe - uses and potential 149-168. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shutes RBE, Revitt DM, Lagerberg IM, Barraud VCE. 1999; The design of vegetative constructed wetlands for the treatment of highway runoff. The Science of the Total Environment 235: 189-197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Small KA, Kazimi C. 1995; On the costs of air-pollution from motor-vehicles. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 29: 7-32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith BS. 1981; Reproductive abnormalities in stenoglossan snails related to pollution from marinas. Journal of Applied Toxicology 1: 15-21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somerville H. 2003; Transport Energy and Emissions: Aviation. In: Hencher DA & Button K (eds) Handbook of Transport and the Environment, 263-278. Handbooks in Transport. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southward AJ, Southward EC. 1978; Recolonization of rocky shores in Cornwall after use of toxic dispersants to clean up the Torrey Canyon spill. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35(5): 682-706.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sriyaraj K, Shutes RBE. 2001; An assessment of the impact of motorway runoff on a pond, wetland and stream. Environmental International 26: 433-439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanhill G, Cohen S. 2001; Global Dimming: A Review of the Evidence. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 107: 255-278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stengel, D, Dring, MJ. 2000; Copper and iron concentrations in Ascophyllum nodosum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) from different sites in Ireland and after culture experiments in relation to thallus age and epiphytism. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 246: 145-161.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Straughan D. 1972; Biological effects of oil pollution in the Santa Barbara Channel. In: Ruivo M. (ed) Marine Pollution and Sea Life, 255-259. Fishing News Books, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talley WK, Jin D, Kite-Powell H. 2001; Vessel accident oil-spillage: post US OPA-90. Transportation Research. Part D 6: 405-415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). 1999; Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication, and Ground-Level Ozone, Gothenburg. http://www.unece.org. (accessed 10-05-2005).

  • USEPA 2003; Non-road diesel rule, draft regulatory impact analysis (EPA420-R-03-008). April 2003. Chapter 3: emission inventories (Section 3.2), http://www.epa.gov/nonroad/#links. (accessed 10-05-2005).

  • US Government. 2001; Control of emissions of hazardous air pollutants from mobile sources: final rule. In: federal register, 40 CFR, Parts 80 and 86 Washington DC, Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitelegg J, Cambridge H. 2004; Aviation and sustainability; a policy paper. Stockholm Environment Institute. Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stengel, D., O'Reilly, S., O'Halloran, J. (2006). Contaminants and pollutants. In: Davenport, J., Davenport, J.L. (eds) The Ecology of Transportation: Managing Mobility for the Environment. Environmental Pollution, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4504-2_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics