Abstract
Ecotoxicology belongs to one of the new ecological branches, which emerged as a consequence of the adverse effects of pollution on various ecosystems. These ecosystems are complex and it is difficult to fully understand all their details. Therefore, the description of ecosystems and their processes inevitably has a certain degree of uncertainty, due to their enormous complexity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hall, C. A. S., ed. 1995. Maximum Power: The Ideas and Applications of H. T. Odum, University Press of Colorado, USA.
Jorgensen, S. E. 1983. Modelling the Distribution and Effect of Toxic Substances in Aquatic Ecosystems, in Application of Ecological, Part A (S. E. Jorgensen, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Modelling in Environmental Management,.
Jorgensen, S. E. 1990. Modelling in Ecotoxicology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jorgensen, S. E. 1992. An Introduction of Ecosystem Theories: A Pattern, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Jorgensen, S. E. 1994. Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling, Developments in Environmental Modelling, 19, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jorgensen, S. E. 1997. An Introduction of Ecosystem Theories. A Pattern, 2nd Edition, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Jorgensen, S. E. 1998. Ecotoxicological Research-Historical Development and Perspectives. In: Ecotoxicology-Ecological Fundamentals,Chemical Exposure and Biological Effects. Ed. G. Schuurmann and B. Markert. Wiley-Spectrum. New York-Heidelberg.
Jorgensen, S. E., B. Halling-Sorensen and S. N. Nielsen, eds. 1995. Handbook of Environmental and Ecological Modelling, CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, USA.
Landis, G. W. and M.-H. Yu. 1995. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology. Impacts of Chemicals Upon Ecological Systems. Lewis Publishers, pp. 1-328.
May, R. M. 1973. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Second Edition, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Peakall, D. B. and J. R. Bart. 1983. Impacts of Aerial Applications of Insecticides on Forest Birds, CRC Crit. Rev. in Environ. Control, 13, pp. 117-165.
Ramade, F. 1977. Ecotoxicologie, Collection d'écologie 9, Masson Publisher, pp. 1-205.
Ramade, F. 1992. Précis d'écotoxicologie, Collection d'écologie 22, Masson Publisher, pp. 1-300.
Suter, Francis Publishers, pp. 1-321G. W. and L. W. Barnthouse. 1993. Assessment Concepts. In Ecological Risk Assessment. G.W. Suter, II. Ed., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp. 21-47.
Walker, C., Hopkin, S., Sibly, R. and Peakall, D. 1996. Principles of Ecotoxicology, Taylor &
Wolfram, S. 1984. (a)Cellular Automata as Models of Complexity, Nature, 311, pp. 419-424.
Wolfram, S. 1984.(b) Computer Software in Science and Mathematics, Sci. Am., 251, pp. 140-151.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
ARAPIS, G.D. (2006). FROM MOLECULE TO ECOSYSTEMS: ECOTOXICOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND PERSPECTIVES. In: Arapis, G., Goncharova, N., Baveye, P. (eds) Ecotoxicology, Ecological Risk Assessment and Multiple Stressors. NATO Security Through Science Series, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4476-3_02
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4476-3_02
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4474-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4476-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)