Abstract
Vertical distribution of phytoplankton and the formation of deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the metalimnion of a small stratified and partly meromictic temperate lake was studied in 1999 and 2000. During summer DCM usually occurred on the borderline of H2S and oxygen-containing waters. At the depths where the bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) maxima were observed, the sulphide concentration was usually relatively low compared to the bottom layers, where its concentration reached as high as possible saturation level. In April 2000, DCM was formed at the depth of 3.5 m, and lowered thereafter slowly to 6.5 m by October. The concentration of Bchl d reached the highest values (over 1000 µg l−1) just before the water column was mixed up in autumn. In December and April Bchl d was detectable only near the bottom of the lake. The concentration of chlorophyll a yielded by the spectrophotometric phaeopigment corrected method and by HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography), fit rather well in the upper layers. In deeper water layers chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) measured by spectrophotometry was overestimated about 47 times if compared to HPLC values because of the high Bchl d in that layer. In most cases vertical profiles of primary production (PP) did not coincide with the vertical distribution of the pigment content; the maximum values of PP were found in the epilimnion. In some cases PP had notably high values also at the depth of DCM. In the upper layers Chl a usually did not exceeded 20 µg l−1 in spring and 10 µg l−1 in summer. The moderately high Chl a in the epilimnion in spring was significantly reduced after the formation of thermocline most probably because of the establishment of the nutrient limitation in epilimnion. Decreasing Chl a concentration in the epilimnion led to increased water transparency and better light conditions for photosynthetic bacteria in metalimnion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Airs, R. L. & B. J. Keely, 2003. A high resolution study of the chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll pigment distributions in a calcite/gypsum microbial mat. Organic Geochemistry. 34(4): 539–551.
Brock, T. D., Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M. & Parker, J., 1994. The Bacteria. Biology of Microorganisms. Prentice-Hall International, pp. 718–814.
Gemerden, H. V. & Mas, J. 1995. Ecology of phototrophic sulphur bacteria. Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. In Blankenship, R. E., Madigan, M. T., & Bauer C. E., (eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, 49–85.
Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M., Kremling, K., (eds), 1983. Methods of Seawater Analysis. ISBN (Verlag Chemie), 3-527, 25998-8.
Guerrero, R., E. Montesinos, C. Pedros-Alio, J. Esteve, J. Mas, H. van Gemerden, P. A. G. Hofman & J. F. Bakker, 1985. Phototrophic sulphur bacteria in two Spanish lakes: vertical distribution and limiting factors. Limnolgy and Oceanography 30: 919–931.
Guidelines for the Baltic monitoring programme for the third stage, 1984. The Baltic Marine Biologists. Publ. 1. 2nd Edition.
Hilmer, T. & G. C. Bate, 1989. Filter types, filtration and post-filtration treatment in phytoplankton production studies. Journal of Plankton Research. 11: 49–63.
Hoogewerf, G. J., D. O. Jung & T. Michael, 2003. Madigan Evidence for limited species diversity of bacteriochlorophyll b-containing purple nonsulfur anoxygenic phototrophs in freshwater habitats. FEMS Microbiology Letters 218(2): 359–364.
Hurley, J. P. & C. J. Watras, 1991. Identification of bacteriochlorophylls in lakes via reverse-phase HPLC. Limnology and Oceanography 32: 307–315.
Jeffrey, S. W. & G. F. Humphrey, 1975. New spectrophotometric equations for determining chlorophylls a, b, c 1 and c 2 in higher plants, algae and natural phytoplankton. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen (BPP) 167: 191–194.
Lorenzen, C. J., 1967. Determination of chlorophyll and pheopigments: spectrophotometric equations. Limnology and Oceanography 12: 343–346.
Niemi, M., J. Kuparinen, A. Uusi-Rauva & K. Korhonen, 1983. Preparation of algal samples for liquid scintillation counting. Hydrobiologia 106: 149–159.
Nõges, T. & Kangro. K., 2005. Primary production of phytoplankton in a strongly stratified temperate lake. Hydrobiologia 547: 105–122.
Ott, I., Kõiv, T., Nõges, P., Kisand, A., Järvalt A. & Kirt. E., 2005. General description of partly meromictic hypertrophic Lake Verevi, its ecological status, changes during the last eight decades and restoration problems. Hydrobiologia 547: 1–20.
Parkin, T. B. & T. D. Brock, 1980. Photosynthetic bacterial production in lakes: the effects of light intensity. Limnology and Oceanography 25: 711–718.
Rodrigo, M. A., E. Vicente & M. R. Miracle, 2000. The role of light and concentration gradients in the vertical stratification and seasonal development of phototrophic bacteria in a meromictic lake. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 148: 533–548.
Steeman-Nielsen, E., 1952. The use of radioactive carbon (14C) for measuring primary production in the sea. Journal du Conseil permanent international pour l’ exploration del la mer 18: 117–140.
Steenbergen, C. L. M. & H. J. Korthals, 1982. Distribution of phototrophic microorganisms in the anaerobic and microaerophilic strata of Lake Vechten (The Netherlands). Pigment analysis and role in primary production. Limnology and Oceanography 27: 883–895.
Takahashi, M. & S. Ichimura, 1968. Vertical distribution and organic matter production of photosynthetic sulphur bacteria in Japanese lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 13: 644–655.
Takahashi, M. & S. Ichimura, 1970. Photosynthetic properties and growth of photosynthetic sulphur bacteria in lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 15: 929–944.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nõges, T., Solovjova, I. (2005). The formation and dynamics of deep bacteriochlorophyll maximum in the temperate and partly meromictic Lake Verevi. In: Ott, I., Kõiv, T. (eds) Lake Verevi, Estonia — A Highly Stratified Hypertrophic Lake. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 182. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4363-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4363-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4021-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4363-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)