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Photoinactivation and Mechanisms of Recovery

  • Chapter
Photosystem II

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 22))

Summary

Photoinactivation of Photosystem II (PS II) is unavoidable in oxygenic photosynthesis, but the photodamage is counteracted by an elaborate repair process without which the photosynthetic apparatus would soon perish. Photoinactivation of PS II depends on the light dosage; the quantum yield of photoinactivation is such that practically the entire population of PS II would be photoinactivated during the course of a sunny day if repair were inhibited. An agent predominantly and inadvertently responsible for the photoinactivation of PS II is likely to be P680+, the strongest oxidant in photosynthesis needed for the oxidation of water molecules. Amelioration of photoinactivation of PS II occurs via many strategies, including one mechanism that appears to sustain activity in a small population of PS II during prolonged high-light stress. The majority of PS II complexes, however, have to be repaired following their photoinactivation. The repair process, culminating in the biosynthesis and insertion of a new copy of the D1 protein in a re-assembled PS II reaction center, consists of many steps. These include: (1) ‘triggering’ of the D1 protein, leading to monomerization and partial disassembly of the PS II dimer complex in granal appressed membranes in higher-plant chloroplasts; (2) migration of the PS II core monomer to stroma-exposed thylakoids; (3) D1 proteolysis catalyzed, for example, first by the proteases DegP2 followed by FtsHl, or directly by FtsH2; (4) targeting of the ribosome/nascent D1 chain complex to the thylakoid membrane; (5) translation elongation of D1 and insertion of new D1 into a D1-depleted PS II; (6) ligation of cofactors in the PS II reaction center; (7) termination of translation and carboxyl-terminal processing of D1; (8) post-translational assembly of PS II monomers; and (9) migration of re-assembled PS II monomers to granal membranes, where functional PS II dimers are formed. In this way, the functionality of PS II is maintained despite the inevitability of photoinactivation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Photobioenergetics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia

    Wah Soon Chow

  2. Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland

    Eva-Mari Aro

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  1. Wah Soon Chow
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  2. Eva-Mari Aro
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  1. The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Thomas J. Wydrzynski

  2. Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

    Kimiyuki Satoh

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Chow, W.S., Aro, EM. (2005). Photoinactivation and Mechanisms of Recovery. In: Wydrzynski, T.J., Satoh, K., Freeman, J.A. (eds) Photosystem II. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4254-X_28

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