This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Primary Sources
Aquinas, Thomas 1888–1906 Summa theologiae, in Opera omnia, ed. Leonina, vols. 4–12. Rome: S. Sabina.
Bonagratia of Bergamo 1929 Tractatus de paupertate Christi et apostolorum, ed. P. L. Oliger, in: Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 22, 486–511.
Bonaventure 1882–1902 Opera omnia edita cura et studio pp. collegii a S. Bonaventura, vols. 1–10. Quaracchi: Collegium S. Bonaventurae.
Bonaventura 1898 Apologia pauperum, in: Opera omnia, vol. 8, 30–330.
Bonaventura 1882–1889 Commentarius Sententiarum, in: Opera omnia, vols. 1–4.
Bonaventure 1966 Defense of the mendicants, trans. J. De Vinck (Works of St. Bonaventure IV). Paterson, NJ: St. Anthony Guild Press.
Godfrey of Fontaines 1904–1937 Les Quodlibets, vols. I–XV, eds. M. de Wulf, A. Pelzer, J. Hoffmans, and O. Lottin. Leuven: Institut supérieur de l’université.
Gratian 1879 Decretum magistri Gratiani, in: Corpus iuris canonici, vol. I, ed. A. Friedberg. Leipzig: Tauschnitz.
Hobbes, Thomas 1946 Leviathan, ed. M. Oakeshott. Oxford: Collier-Macmillan Ltd.
Isidor of Seville Etymologiae, in: Patrologia Latina (PL) 82, 74–727.
John XXII 1839 Ad conditorem canonum II, Extravagantes Iohannis, in: Corpus iuris canonici, vol. II, ed. A. L. Richter. Leipzig: Tauschnitz, 1139–1145.
John XXII 1839 Quia quorundam mentes, Extravagantes Iohannis, in: Corpus iuris canonici, vol. II, ed. A. L. Richter. Leipzig: Tauschnitz, 1144–1150.
John of Paris, Commentarius in libros sententiarum, MS. Basel. Universitätsbibliothek.
Nicholas III 1897 Exiit qui seminat. Textus originales, ed. Collegii S. Bonaventura. Quaracchi, 181–228.
William of Saint Amour 1632 De quantitate eleemosynae, in: Opera omnia, ed. Alithophilius. Paris: Constantiae.
William of Ockham 1940; 1963 Opus nonaginta dierum (OND), caps. 1–6, in: Guillelmi de Ockham, Opera Politica (OP), vol. I, eds. R. F. Bennet and J. G. Sikes. Manchester: University Press, 287–374; caps. 7–124, in: OP, vol. II, eds. J. Sikes and H. S. Offler. Manchester: The University Press, 375–858.
William of Ockham 1991 Quodlibetal Questions, trans. A. J. Freddoso and F. Kelly. New Haven: Yale University Press.
William of Ockham 1992 Breviloquium, in: A short discourse on tyrannical government, ed. A. S. McGrade and trans. J. Kilcullen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
William of Ockham 1992 A short discourse on the tyrannical government: Over things divine and human, but especially over the emperor and those subject to the emperor, usurped by some who are called highest pontiffs, ed. A. S. McGrade and trans. J. Kilcullen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
William of Ockham 1995a A Dialogue (Part III, Tract I), in: A letter to the Friars Minor and other writings, ed. A. S. McGrade and J. Kilcullen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 118–298.
William of Ockham 1995b The work of ninety days (chapters 2, 26–28, 65, 88 and 93), in: A letter to the Friars Minor and other writings, ed. A. S. McGrade and J. Kilcullen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 18–115.
Secondary Literature
Brett, A. S. 1997 Liberty, right and nature: Individual rights in later scholastic thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brundage, J. 1997 “From Classroom to Courtroom: Parisian Canonists and Their Careers,” Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte 114, Kanonistische Abteilung 83. Wien, Köln and Weimer, 342–361.
Brundage, J. 1985 “Widows as disadvantaged persons in medieval canon law,” in: Upon my husband’s death: Widows in the literature and histories of medieval Europe, ed. L. Mirrer. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 193–206.
Coleman, J. 1985 “Dominium in thirteenth and fourteenth-century political thought and its seventeenth-century heirs: John of Paris and Locke,” Political studies 33, 73–100.
Coleman, J. 1988 “Property and poverty,” in: The Cambridge history of medieval political thought c. 350–c. 1450, ed. J. H. Burns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 607–652.
Coleman, J. 1996 “The individual and the medieval state,” in: The individual in political theory and practice, ed. J. Coleman. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1–34.
Colish, M. L. 1997 Medieval foundations of the western intellectual tradition 400–1400. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Holopainen, T. M. 1991 William Ockham’s theory of the foundations of ethics. Helsinki: Luther-Agricola Society.
Kilcullen J. 1995a “The origin of property: Ockham, Grotius, Pufendorf, and some others,” in: www.mq.edu.au/hpp/politics/prop.html (12.12.2003).
Kilcullen J. 1995b “Natural law and will in Ockham,” republished as a www-page, 1995b, from the History of Philosophy Yearbook, vol. 1, of the Australasian Society for the History of Philosophy, eds. K. Haakonssen and U. Thiel. Canberra 1993. (I have used www-pages).
Lambert M. D. 1961 Franciscan poverty: The doctrine of the absolute poverty of Christ and the Apostles in the Franciscan Order 1210–1323. London: SPCK.
Lambertini R. 1990 Apologia e Crescita dell’Identita Francescana (1255–1279). Rome: Instituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo.
Leff G. 1967 Heresy in the middle ages: The relation of heterodoxy to dissent c. 1250–c.1450, vol. I. New York: Manchester University Press.
McGrade, A. S. 1974 The political thought of William of Ockham: Personal and institutional principles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McGrade, A. S. 1980 “Ockham and the birth of individual rights,” in: Authority and power: Studies in medieval law and thought. Presented to Walter Ullman on his seventieth birthday eds. P. Linehan and B. Tierney. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 149–160.
MacIntyre A. S. 1966: A short history of ethics. London: Routledge.
Mäkinen, V. 2001 Property rights in the late medieval discussion on Franciscan poverty. Leuven: Peeters.
Mäkinen, V. and Pihlajamäki, H. 2004 “The individualization of crime in medieval canon law”, Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 65, no. 4, 525–542.
Swanson, S. G. 1997 “The medieval foundations of John Locke’s theory of natural rights: Rights of subsistence and the principle of extreme necessity”, History of Political Thought 18, 399–455.
Tabarroni, A. 1990 Paupertas Christi et apostolorum: L’ideale francescano in discussione (1322–1324). Instituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo. Nuovi Studi Storicis: Rome.
Tierney, B. 1959 Medieval poor law: A sketch of canonical theory and its application in England. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Tierney, B. 1989 “Origins of natural rights language: Texts and contexts, 1150–1250”, History of Political Thought 10, 615–646.
Tierney, B. 1997 The idea of natural rights: Studies on natural rights, natural law and Church law 1150–1625. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press.
Tuck R. 1979 Natural rights theories: Their origin and development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tuck R. 1993 Philosophy and government 1572–1651. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tully, J. 1980 A discourse on property: John Locke and his adversaries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Winroth, A. 2000 The making of Gratian’s Decretum. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mäkinen, V. (2006). Rights and Duties in Late Scholastic Discussion on Extreme Necessity. In: Mäkinen, V., Korkman, P. (eds) Transformations in Medieval and Early-Modern Rights Discourse. The New Synthese Historical Library, vol 59. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4212-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4212-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4211-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4212-6
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)