Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the current challenges encountered in implementing devices based on high index contrast microphotonic waveguides, along with some new applications. An input coupler based on graded index (GRIN) waveguides is described. Theoretical and experimental results on using of cladding stress to eliminate the polarization dependence in SOI waveguide devices are reviewed. Recent work on output coupling of data on many output waveguides using waveguide to free space coupler array is also described. Design rules are presented for increasing bandwidth and resolution of integrated waveguide microspectrometers, to address applications in spectroscopic sensing and analysis. Finally, the potential for high index contrast microphotonic waveguides in evanescent field sensing is explored.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
REFERENCES
S. Janz, A. Balakrishnan, S. Charbonneau, P. Cheben, M. Cloutier, A. Delâge, K. Dossou, L. Erickson, M. Gao, P.A. Krug, B. Lamontagne, M. Packirisamy, M. Pearson, and D.-X. Xu, “Planar waveguide echelle gratings in silica-on-silicon,” Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 503–505 (2004).
Y. Hibino, “Recent Advances in high density and large scale AWG multi-demultiplexers with higher index contrast silica based PLCs,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 17, 1090–1101 (2002).
A. Delâge, S. Bidnyk, P. Cheben, K. Dossou, S. Janz, B. Lamontagne, M. Packirisamy, and D.-X. Xu, “Recent developments in integrated spectrometers,” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, Vol. 2, 78–83 (2004).
P. Cheben, A. Bogdanov, A. Delâge, S. Janz, B. Lamontagne, M.-J. Picard, E. Post,and D.-X. Xu, “A 100 channel near-infra-red SOI waveguide microspectrometer: Design and fabrication challenges,” Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 5644, 103–110 (SPIE, Bellingham, MA, 2005).
J.C. Petersen, J. Henningsen, “Molecules as absolute standards for optical telecommunications requirements and characterization,” Proceedings of the International Union of Radio Science 27th General Assembly, Maastricht, The Netherlands, CD ROM (2002).
C. Manolatou, S.G. Johnson, S. Fan, P.R. Villeneuve, H.A. Haus, and J.D. Joannopoulos, “High density integrated optics,” J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1682–1692 (1999).
Q. Xu, V.R. Almeida, R.R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, “Experimental demonstration of guiding and confining light in nanometer-size low-refractive index material,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1626–1628 (2004).
S. Janz. P. Cheben, H. Dayan, and R. Deakos, “Measurement of birefringence in thin-film waveguides by Rayleigh scattering,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1778–1780 (2003).
L. Vivien, S. Laval, B. Dumont, S. Lardenois, A. Koster, and E. Kassan, “Polarization independent single mode rib waveguides on silicon-on-insulator for telecommunications wavelengths,” Opt. Commun. 210, 43–49 (2002).
D.-X. Xu, P. Cheben, D. Dalacu, A. Delâge, S. Janz, B. Lamontagne, M.-J. Picard,and W.N. Ye, “Eliminating the birefringence in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides by use of cladding stress,” Opt. Lett. 29, 2384–2386 (2004).
D.-X. Xu, P. Cheben, S. Janz, D. Dalacu, “Control of SOI waveguide polarization properties for microphotonic applications,” Proc. of CLEO/Pacific RIM 2003, CD-ROM (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2003).
W.N. Ye, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, P. Cheben, M.-J. Picard, B. Lamontagne, and N.G.T. Tarr, “Birefringence control using stress engineering in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. (in press, 2005).
M. Huang, “Stress effects on the performance of optical waveguides,” Intnl. J. of Sol. and Structures 40, 1615–1632 (2003).
X. Zhao, C. Li, and Y.Z. Xu, “Stress induced birefringence control in optical planar waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 28, 564–566 (2003).
K. Röll, “Analysis of stress and strain distribution in thin films and substrates,” J. Appl. Phys. 47, 3224–3229 (1976).
A. Sure, T. Dillon, J. Murakowski, C. Lin, D. Pustai, and D.W. Prather, “Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional silicon tapers,” Optics Express 11, 3555–3561 (2003).
V.R. Almeida, R.R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, “Nanotaper for compact mode conversion,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1302–1304 (2003).
G. Masanovic, V.M.N. Passaro, and G.T. Reed, “Dual grating-assisted directional coupling between fibers and thin semiconductor waveguides, IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 15, 1395–1397 (2003).
A. Delâge, S. Janz, D.-X. Xu, D. Dalacu, B. Lamontagne, and A. Bogdanov, Graded-index coupler for microphotonic SOI waveguides,” SPIE Proc. Vol. 5577, Photonics North 2004 (in press, 2004).
K. Shiraishi, C.S. Tsai, H. Yoda, and K. Minagawa, Proc. of CLEO/Pacific RIM 2003, CD-ROM (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2003).
F.P. Payne and J.P.R. Lacey, “A theoretical analysis of scattering loss from planar optical waveguides,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, 977–986 (1994).
K.K. Lee, D.R. Lim, H.-C. Luan, A. Agarawal, J. Foresi, and L.C Kimmerling, “Effect of size and roughness on light transmission in a Si/SiO2 waveguide: Experiments and model,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1617–1619 (2000).
F. Grillot, L. Vivien, S. Laval, D. Pascal, E. Cassan, “Size influence on the propagation loss induced by sidewall roughness in ultrasmall SOI waveguides,” IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 16, 1661–1663 (2004).
K.K. Lee, D.R. Lim, L.C. Kimmerling, J. Shin, and F. Cerrina, “Fabrication of ultra-low loss Si/SiO2 waveguides by roughness reduction,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1888–1890 (2001).
P. Dumon, W. Bogaerts, V. Wiaux, J. Wouters, S. Beckx, J. van Campenhout, D. Taillaert, B. Luyssaert, P. Bientman, D. van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Low loss photonic wires and ring resonators fabricated with deep UV lithography,” IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 16, 1328–1330 (2004).
R.L. Espinola, T. Izuhara, M.-C. Tsai, R.M. Osgoode, and H. Dotsch, “Magneto-optical non-reciprocal phase shift in garnet/silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 29 941–943 (2004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Janz, S. et al. (2006). MICROPHOTONICS Current challenges and applications. In: Janz, S., Ctyroky, J., Tanev, S. (eds) Frontiers in Planar Lightwave Circuit Technology. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, vol 216. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4167-5_01
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4167-5_01
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4164-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4167-9
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)