Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alternative Explanations of Hierarchical Differentiation in Urban Systems

  • Chapter
Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences

Part of the book series: Methodos Series ((METH,volume 3))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allen, P., 1991 Spatial models of evolutionary systems, in Spatial analysis and population dynamics, D. Pumain, ed., John Libbey-INED, Congresses and Colloquia 6, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P., and Sanglier, M., 1979, A dynamic model of growth in a central place system, Geographical Analysis. 2: 256–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alperovich, G., 1993, An explanatory Model of City-size distribution: Evidence from Crosscountry Data, Urban Studies. 9: 1591–1601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amson, J.C., 1972, Equilibrium models of cities, an axiomatic theory, Environment and Planning A. 4: 429–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C., Hellervik, A., Hagson, A,. and Tornberg, J., 2003, The urban economy as a scale-free network. ArXiv:cond-mat/0303535 v2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auerbach, F., 1913, Das Gesetz der Bevölkerungskonzentration, Petermans Mitteilungen. 59(1): 74–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axtell, R.L., 2001, Zipf Distribution of U.S. Firm Sizes, Science. 293(5536): 1818–1820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Axtell, R.L., and Florida, R., 2000, Emergent cities: a microeconomic explanation of Zipf’s Law.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairoch, P., 1978, Taille des villes, conditions de vie et développement économique, EHESS, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairoch, P., 1985, De Jericho à Mexico, Gallimard, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairoch, P., Batou, J., and Chèvre P., 1988, La population des villes européennes. Banque de données et analyse sommaire des résultats: 800–1850. Centre d’Histoire Economique International de l’Université de Genève, 339 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, A.R.H., 1969, Reversal of the rank-size rule: some nineteenth century rural settlement sizes in France, The Professional Geographer. XXI(6): 386–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barabasi, A.L., 2002, The new science of networks, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbut, M., 2004, A family of distributions: from Paretian to the “contra-paretian”. Application to the study of urban concentration, Cybergeo. 266: 30. (http://www.cybergeo.presse.fr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Batty, M., 2001, Polynucleated urban landscapes, Urban studies. 38(4): 635–655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batty, M., and Kim, K.S., 1992, Form follows function: Reformulating Urban Population Density Functions, Urban Studies. 29(7): 1043–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, M.J., 1958, City hierarchies and the distribution of city sizes, Economic Development and Cultural Change. 6: 243–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, M.J., and MacPherson, J.C., 1970, City size distribution in a central place hierarchy, Journal of Regional Science. 10(1): 25–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, B.J.L., 1964, Cities as systems within systems of cities, Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Sceince Association. 13: 147–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, B.J.L., ed., 1976, Urbanization and Counter-Urbanization, Sage Publications, vol. 11, Urban affairs annual review, Beverly Hills, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botero, G., 1588, Della cause della grandezza e magnificenza delle città. Tre libri. New edition in 1598 with “La Ragion di Stato” (seventh edition) in Venice, and a cura di Luigi Firpo by Unione Tipografico Editrice Torinese in 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bretagnolle, A., 1999, Les systèmes de villes dans l’espace-temps: effets de l’accroissement des vitesses de déplacement sur la taille et l’espacement des villes. Université Paris I, thèse de doctorat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bretagnolle, A., Mathian, H., Pumain, D., and Rozenblat, C., 2000, Long-term dynamics of European towns and cities: towards a spatial model of urban growth, Cybergeo. 131, 17 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bretagnolle, A., Paulus, F., and Pumain, D., 2002, Time and space scales for measuring urban growth, Cybergeo. 219, 12 p.(http://www.cybergeo.presse.fr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bura, S., Guérin-Pace, F., Mathian, H., Pumain, D., and Sanders L., 1996, Multi-agent systems and the dynamics of a settlement system, Geographical Analysis. 2: 161–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cancho Ferrer I, R., and Solé, R.V., 2003, Least effort and the origins of scaling in human language, PNAS, February, 100(3): 788–791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattan, N., Pumain, D., Rozenblat, C., and Saint-Julien, T., 1994, Le système des villes européennes, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champion, T., and Hugo, G., eds, New Forms of Urbanization, Beyond the Urban-Rural Dichotomy, Ashgate, Aldershot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorley, R. and Haggett, P., 1967, Models in Geography, Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christaller, W., 1933, Die Zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland: eine Ökonomisch-Geographische Untersuchung Über die Gesetz Massigkeit der Verbreitung und Entwicklung der Siedlungen mit Städtischen Funktionen, Fischer Verlag, Jena, (English translation: Central places in Southern Germany, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordoba, J.C., 2003, On the Distribution of City Sizes. Working Paper, Rice University, 31 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, L., 1964, The random spatial economy: an exploration in settlement theory, Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 138–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, R., 1961, Who governs?, Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, J., 1984, European urbanization, 1500–1800, Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, D., and Mullaly, H., 1985, Urban evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derycke, P.-H., Huriot, J.-M., and Pumain, D., eds, 1996, Penser la ville, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dureau, F., Dupont, V., Lelièvre, E., and Lévy, J.P., 2003, Métropoles en mouvement, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • ESDP, 1999, European Spatial development Perspective. Towards Balanced and Sustainable Development of the Territory of the European Union. Approved at the Informal Council of Ministers responsible for Spatial Planning in Posdam, May, European Community, Luxemburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletscher, R., 1986, Settlement in Archaeology: world-wide comparison, World Archaeology. 18(1): 59–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folin, M., 2003, Hiérarchies urbaines/hiérarchies sociales: les noms de ville dans l’Italie moderne (XIVe-XVIIIe siècles), Genèses 51: 4–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire, M., and Stren, R., 2001, The Challenge of Urban Governmen, World Bank Institute, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedmann, J., 1986, The world city hypothesis, Development and Change. 17: 69–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, M., Krugman, P. and Mori, T., 1994, On the evolution of hierarchical urban systems: North American meeting of the Regional Science Association, Niagara Falls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, M., Krugman, P., and Venables, A.J., 1999, The Spatial Economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabaix, X; Ioannides, Y.M., 2003, The evolution of City size distributions, in: Handbook in Urban and Regional Economics, V. Henderson and J.F. Thisse, eds, vol IV, North Holland Pub., Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, J.P., 1963, The evolution of population concentration, Economic Geography. 119–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibrat, R., 1931, Les inégalités économiques. Sirey, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodrich, E.P., 1926, The statistical relationship between population and the city plan, in: The urban community, E.N. Burgess, ed., Chicago, pp. 144–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guérin-Pace, F., 1993, Deux siècles de croissance urbain, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guérin-Pace, F., and Lesage, X., 2001, Des différentes mesures de l’inégalité de distributions de type paretien à partir de l’étude du système urbain français, Histoire et Mesure. XVI(1-2): 157–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guérois, M., 2003, Les formes des villes européennes vues du ciel. Une contribution de l’image CORINE Land cover à la comparaison des grandes villes d’Europe occidentale. Université Paris I, thèse de doctorat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggett, P., 2001, Geography, a global synthesis, Pearson Education, Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, P., 1984, The World Cities, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halloy, S., 2002, The lognormal is a universal descriptor of unconstrained complex systems. New Zealand, Crop and Food research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huriot, J.M., and Thisse, J.F., eds, 2000, Economics of Cities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, M., 1939, The law of primate city, Geographical Review. 29: 226–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohl, J.G., 1841, Der Verkehr und die Ansiedelungen der Menschen in ihrer Abhängigkeit des Gestaltung der Erdoberfläche, Arnold, Dresden/Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lalanne, L., 1863, “Essai d’une théorie des réseaux de chemin de fer, fondée sur l’observation des faits et sur les lois primordiales qui président au groupement des populations”, Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des sciences. 57: 206–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepetit, B., and Pumain, D., 1999, Temporalités urbaines, Anthropos, Paris (first ed. 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lösch, A., 1940, Die Räumliche Ordnung der Wirtschaft, Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotka, A.J., 1941, The law of urban concentration, Science. 94: 164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotka, A.J., 1924, Elements of physical biology. Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackinder, H.J., 1902, Britain and the British Isles, W. Heinemann, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti, C., and Nakicenovic, N., 1979, The dynamics of energy systems and the logistic substitution model. IIASA, Research report 79-013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moriconi-Ebrard, F., 1993, L’urbanisation du monde depuis 1950, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moriconi-Ebrard, F., 1994, Geopolis, pour comparer les villes du monde, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, M., Parisel, C., Pumain, D., and Sanders, L., 2001, Knowledge-based simulation of settlement systems, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 25(2): 167–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, S.E., 1998, On the emergence of cities. Santa Fe Institute, Research in Economics, 98-08-075a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, J.B., 1970 Models of city size in an urban system, Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association. 25: 221–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, J.B., 1985, A note on the size distribution of cities over time, Journal of Urban Economics. 18: 195–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulus, F., and Pumain, D., 2002 Répartition de la croissance dans le système des villes françaises, Revue d’Economie Régionale et Urbaine. 1: 35–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pred, A., 1966, The spatial dynamics of US industrial growth 1800–1914, MIT Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pred, A., 1973, Systems of cities and information flows, Lund Studies in Geography, Serie B. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pred, A., 1977, City systems in advanced societies, Hutchison, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., 1982, La dynamique des villes, Economica, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., 1992, Les systèmes de villes, in: Encyclopédie de géographie, A. Bailly, R. Ferras and D. Pumain eds, Economica, Paris, chap. 34, pp. 645–664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., 1997, Vers une théorie évolutive des villes, L’Espace Géographique. 2: 119–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., 2004, Scaling laws and urban systems. Santa Fe Institute, Working Paper no 04-02-002, 26 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., and Gaudin, J.-P., 2002, Systèmes de villes et pouvoir. L’analyse de Giovanni Botero à l’époque de la Renaissance, Cybergeo. 227: 19 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., and Haag, G., 1994,: Spatial patterns of urban systems and multifractality, in Evolution of Natural Structures, 3rd International Symposium of the Sonderforschungsbereich 230, Universität Stuttgart, 4–7 october, Natürliche Konstruktionen, Mitteilungen des SFB 230, Heft 9: 243–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., and Moriconi-Ebrard, F., 1997, City Size distributions and metropolisation, Geojournal. 43(4): 307–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., and Robic, M.-C., 1996, Théoriser la ville, in: Penser la ville, P.-H. Derycke, J.-M. Huriot and D. Pumain eds., Anthropos, Paris, pp. 107–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pumain, D., and Saint-Julien, T., 1978, Les dimensions du changement urbain, CNRS, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quandt, R.E., 1964, Statistical discrimination among alternate hypothesis and some economic regularities, Journal of Regional Science. 5(2): 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reclus, E., 1895, “The evolution of cities”, The Contemporary Review. 67(2): 246–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reymond, H., 1981, ‘Une problématique théorique de la géographie: plaidoyer pour une chorotaxie expérimentale’, in: Problématiques de la Géographie, H. Isnard, J.-B. Racine and H. Reymond eds, P.U.F., Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynaud, J., 1841, Villes, in Encyclopédie nouvelle, Gosselin, Paris, vol. VIII, pp. 670–687 (discovered by Robic, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robic, M.-C., 1982, Cent ans avant Christaller, une théorie des lieux centraux, L’Espace Géographique. 1: 5–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson, B.T., 1973, Urban Growth, an approach, Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roehner, B., and Winiwarter, P., 1985, Aggregation of independent Paretian random variables, Advances in Applied Probability. 17: 465–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roehner, B.M., 1991, The long-term trend toward increased dispersion in the distribution of city sizes, Environment and Planning. 23: 1725–1740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, K.T., and Resnick, M., 1980, The size distribution of cities: an examination of Pareto Law and Primacy, Journal or Urban Economics. 8: 165–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau, M.P., 1998, La productivité des grandes villes, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozenblat, C., and Cicille, P., 2003, Les villes européennes: analyse comparative, DATAR-La documentation Française, Paris, 97 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, L., 1992, Système de villes et synergétique, Anthropos, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassen, S., 1991, The Global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H., 1955, On a class of Skew distributions, Biometrika. 42: 425–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, H.W., 1936, The “courbe des populations”: a parallel to Pareto’s law, Economic Journal. 46: 254–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S., and Richmond, P., 2001, Power laws of Wealth, Market Order Volume s and Market Returns, ArXiv:cond-mat/0102423 V2, 2 Apr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steindl, J., 1965, Random processes and the growth of firms. Hofnur, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tornqvist, G.E., 1973, Systems of Cities and Information Flows, Lund Studies in Geography, Serie B. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullman, E., 1954, Geography as spatial interaction, in Interregional linkages. The proceedings of the Western Committee on Regional Economic Analysis. Berkeley, California, 63–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations, 1978, Universal Instructions for Population Censuses and Households. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations, 2004, Urban hierarchy. Annual Report, Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vauban, 1707, La Dîme Royale. Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Thünen, J.H., 1826, Der isolierte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationalökonomie, Perthes, Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidlich, W., and Haag, G., 1988, Interregional Migration, Springer Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R.W., 1977, Dynamic central place theory, Geographical Analysis. 10: 226–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehand, J.W.R., 1987, The changing face of cities, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, J., and Yule, G., 1922, Some statistics of evolution and geographical distribution in plants and animals, and their significance, Nature. 109: 177–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, A.G., 1970, Entropy in urban and regional modelling, Pion, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yule, G.U., 1924, A mathematical theory of evolution, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Serie B. 213: 21–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zipf, G.K., 1941, National unity and disunity, Principia Press, Bloomington (Indiana).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zipf, G.K., 1949, Human behaviour and the principle of least effort, Addison-Wesley Press, Cambridge (Mass.).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Universitaire de France, University Paris I, France

    Denise Pumain (Professor)

Authors
  1. Denise Pumain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Universitaire de France, University of Paris I, Panthéon Sorbonne, France

    Denise Pumain

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pumain, D. (2006). Alternative Explanations of Hierarchical Differentiation in Urban Systems. In: Pumain, D. (eds) Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences. Methodos Series, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4127-6_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation