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Bones Have Ears:

An Application of Bone Poroelasticity

  • Conference paper
IUTAM Symposium on Physicochemical and Electromechanical Interactions in Porous Media

Part of the book series: Solid Mechanics and Its Applications ((SMIA,volume 125))

Abstract

The mechanosensory mechanisms in bone include (i) the cell system that is stimulated by external mechanical loading applied to the bone; (ii) the system that transduces that mechanical loading to a communicable signal; and (iii) the systems that transmit that signal to the effector cells for the maintenance of bone homeostasis and for strain adaptation of the bone structure. The effector cells are the osteoblasts and the osteoclasts. These systems and the mechanisms that they employ have not yet been unambiguously identified. A summary is presented of the current theoretical and experimental evidence suggesting that osteocytes are the principal mechanosensory cells of bone, that they are activated by the effects of fluid flowing through the osteocyte canaliculi, and that the electrically coupled three-dimensional network of osteocytes and lining cells is a communications system for the control of bone homeostasis and structural strain adaptation. A bone poroelastic (BP) model is employed to model the fluid flow behavior caused by the mechanical loading of bone. The similarities of the mechanotransduction system in bone with the mechanotransduction system used by the cells of the hearing system will be described. Both cell systems sense mechanical vibrations in a fluid domain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, The School of Engineering of The City College and The Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA

    Stephen C. Cowin

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3GI

    G. M. L. Gladwell

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    J.M. Huyghe

  3. Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Peter A.C. Raats

  4. New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The City College, New York, NY, USA

    Stephen C. Cowin

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Cowin, S.C. (2005). Bones Have Ears:. In: Gladwell, G.M.L., Huyghe, J., Raats, P.A., Cowin, S.C. (eds) IUTAM Symposium on Physicochemical and Electromechanical Interactions in Porous Media. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 125. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3865-8_1

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