Abstract
A tsunameter (soo-NAHM-etter) network has been established in the Pacific by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Named by analogy with seismometers, the NOAA tsunameters provide early detection and real-time measurements of deep-ocean tsunamis as they propagate toward coastal communities, enabling the rapid assessment of their destructive potential. Development and maintenance of this network supports a Statedriven, high-priority goal of the U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program to improve the speed and reliability of tsunami warnings. The network is now operational, with excellent reliability and data quality, and has proven its worth to warning center decisionmakers during potentially tsunamigenic earthquake events; the data have helped avoid issuance of a tsunami warning or have led to cancellation of a tsunami warning, thus averting potentially costly and hazardous evacuations. Optimizing the operational value of the network requires implementation of real-time tsunami forecasting capabilities that integrate tsunameter data with numerical modeling technology. Expansion to a global tsunameter network is needed to accelerate advances in tsunami research and hazard mitigation, and will require a cooperative and coordinated international effort.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bernard, E. N.: 1991, Assessment of Project THRUST: Past, present, future. Special Issue on Tsunami Hazard (E.N. Bernard, ed.), Nat. Hazards 4(2,3), 285–292.
Bernard, E. N., Behn, R. R., Hebenstreit, G. T., González, F. I., Krumpe, P., Lander, J. F., Lorca, E., McManamon, P. M., and Milburn, H. B.: 1988, On mitigating rapid onset natural disasters: Project THRUST (Tsunami Hazards Reduction Utilizing Systems Technology). Eos, Trans. AGU 69(24), 649–661.
Bernard, E. N., González, F. I., Meinig, C., and Milburn, H. B.: 2001, Early detection and real-time reporting of deep-ocean tsunamis. In: Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium 2001 (ITS 2001) (on CD-ROM), NTHMP Review Session, R-6, Seattle, WA, 7–10 August 2001, pp. 97–108. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/its2001/.
Eble, M. C. and González, F. I.: 1991, Deep-ocean bottom pressure measurements in the northeast Pacific. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 8(2), 221–233.
Goldman, J.: 2001, NOAA Tsunami Buoy “Feels” Alaska Earthquake. http://www.noaa.news.noaa.gov/stories/s560.htm.
González, F. I., Mader, C. L., Eble, M., and Bernard, E. N.: 1991, The 1987–88 Alaskan Bight Tsunamis: Deep ocean data and model comparisons. Nat. Hazards 4(2,3), 119–139.
González, F. I., Milburn, H. M., Bernard, E. N., and Newman, J.: 1998, Deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis (DART): Brief overview and status report. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tsunami Disaster Mitigation. Tokyo, Japan, pp. 118–129.
González, F. I., Titov, V., Mofjeld, H. O., and Newman, J. C.: 2002, Project SIFT (Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis). In: Underwater Ground Failures on Tsunami Generation, Modeling, Risk and Mitigation. Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 221–226.
González, F. I., Titov, V. V., Mofjeld, H. O., Venturato, A., Simmons, S., Hansen, R., Combellick, R., Eisner, R., Hoirup, D., Yanagi, B., Young, S., Darienzo, M., Priest, G., Crawford, G., and Walsh, T.: 2005b, Progress in NTHMP Hazard Assessment. Nat. Hazards 35, 89–110 (this issue).
González, F., Burwell, D., Cheung, K. F., McCreery, C., Mofjeld, H., Titov, V., and Whitmore, P.: 2005a, Far-field tsunami forecast guidance. NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR PMEL, NOAA/PMEL (in preparation).
Hawaii Research and Economic Analysis Division, Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism: 1996, Methodology for Estimating the Economic Loss of a Tsunami False Alert. Attachment to May 22, 1996 Memorandum from P.I. Iboshi to R.C. Price on “Tsunami Alert Economic Loss Estimation,” 6 pp., with 3 Tables.
Hayes, S. P., Mangum, L. J., Sumi, J. P. A., and Takeuchi, K.: 1991, TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 72(3), 339–347.
Hirata, K., Aoyagi, M., Mikada, H., Kawaguchi, K., Kaiho, Y., Iwase, R., Morita, S., Fujisawa, I., Sugioka, H., Mitsuzawa, K., Suyehiro, K., Kinoshita, H., and Fujiwara, N.: 2002, Real-time geophysical measurements on the deep seafloor using submarine cable in the southern Kurile subduction zone. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 27(2), 170–181.
McCreery, C. S.: 2001, Impact of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program on operations of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. In: Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium 2001 (ITS 2001) (on CD-ROM), NTHMP Review Session, R-7, Seattle, WA, 7–10 August 2001, pp. 109–117. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/its2001/.
McCreery, C.: 2003, Personal e-mail communication to E. Bernard on June 23, 2003.
McPhaden, M. J.: 1993, TOGA-TAO and the 1991–92 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. Oceanography 6(2), 36–44.
McPhaden, M. J.: 1995, The tropical atmosphere ocean array is completed. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 76, 739–741.
McPhaden, M. J., Busalacchi, A. J., Cheney, R., Donguy, J., Gage, K. S., Halpern, D., Ji, M., Julian, P., Meyers, G., Mitchum, G. T., Niiler, P. P., Picaut, J., Reynolds, R. W., Smith, N., and Takeuchi, K.: 1998, The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res. 103(C7), 14169–14240.
Meinig, C., Eble, M. C., and Stalin, S. E.: 2001, System development and performance of the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) system from 1997–2001. In: Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium 2001 (ITS 2001) (on CD-ROM), NTHMP Review Session, R-24, Seattle, WA, 7–10 August 2001, pp. 235–242. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/its2001/.
Milburn, H. B., Nakamura, A. I., and González, F. I.: 1996, Real-time tsunami reporting from the deep ocean. In: Proceedings of the Oceans 96 MTS/IEEE Conference, Fort Lauderdale, FL, pp. 390–394.
Mofjeld, H. O.: 1997, Tsunami Detection Algorithm. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/tda_documentation.html.
Titov, V. V. and González, F. I.: 2002, Modeling solutions for short-term inundation forecasting for tsunamis. In: Underwater Ground Failures on Tsunami Generation, Modeling, Risk and Mitigation, NATO Advanced Workshop. Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 227–230.
Titov, V. V., González, F. I., Mofjeld, H. 0., and Newman, J. C.: 2001, Project SIFT (Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis). In: Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium 2001 (ITS 2001) (on CD-ROM), Session 7–2, Seattle, WA, 7–10 August 2001, pp. 715–721. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/its2001/.
Titov, V. V., González, F. I., Eble, M. C., Mofjeld, H. O., Newman, J. C., and Venturato, A. J.: 2005, Real-time tsunami forecasting: Challenges and solutions. Nat. Hazards 35, 41–58 (this issue).
Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Federal/State Working Group: 1996, Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Implementation Plan — A Report to the Senate Appropriations Committee. PDF download at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazard/, 22 pp., Appendices.
Wei, Y., Cheung, K. F., Curtis, G. D., and McCreery, C. S.: 2003, Inverse algorithm for tsunami forecasts. J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. 129(3), 60–69.
Whitmore, P. M.: 2003, Tsunami amplitude prediction during events: A test based on previous tsunamis. In: Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol. 21. pp. 135–143.
Yanagi, B.: 2000, Personal e-mail communication to WC/ATWC on July 12, 2000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
González, F.I., Bernard, E.N., Meinig, C., Eble, M.C., Mofjeld, H.O., Stalin, S. (2005). The NTHMP Tsunameter Network. In: Bernard, E.N. (eds) Developing Tsunami-Resilient Communities. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3607-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3607-8_2
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-3353-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-3607-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)