Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Oxygen Transport, Respiration, and Anaerobic Carbohydrate Catabolism in Roots in Flooded Soils

  • Chapter
Plant Respiration

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 18))

Summary

Soil flooding is a severe abiotic stress for many plant species (e.g., most crops), whereas well adapted species (e.g., rice (Oryza sativa) and other wetland species) usually thrive. Flooded soils are usually anaerobic, so that internal O2 transport from shoot to roots is crucial for sustaining respiration in submerged organs. Formation of aerenchyma, together with a barrier impermeable to radial O2 loss in basal zones of roots, act synergistically to enhance O2 diffusion to the apex of the main axis of roots of many wetland species. In some situations the soil is not anoxic, but provides a restricted O2 supply to the roots. For roots with aerenchyma, O2 is usually much more readily available from the intercellular gas-filled pathway, than exogenously from the soil. In both types of situations some cells/tissues may become anoxic, especially the apical regions and the stele since these are at the ends of the longitudinal (gas phase) and radial (predominately liquid phase) diffusion paths, respectively. Anoxia in root tissues becomes even more likely when shoots of plants are submerged by floodwaters. The inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation due to anoxia causes a severe energy crisis. Tolerance of anoxia requires a carbohydrate supply to fuel anaerobic catabolism, and apportionment of the scarce available energy to processes essential to survival, whereas several energy-consuming processes typical for aerobic cells may be reduced. In addition to O2-deficiency, roots in waterlogged soils must also tolerate high CO2 partial pressures (e.g., up to 43 kPa); however, information on this topic is scant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albrecht G, Biemelt S and Baumgartner S (1997) Accumulation of fructans following oxygen deficiency stress in related plant species with differing flooding tolerance. New Phytol 136: 137–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht G, Kammerer S, Praznik W and Wiedenroth EM (1993) Fructan content of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) under hypoxia and following re-aeration. New Phytol 123:471–476

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amor Y, Chevion M and Levine A (2000) Anoxia pretreatment protects soybean cells against H2O2-induced cell death: Possible involvement of peroxidases and of alternative oxidase. FEBS Lett 477: 175–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ap Rees T, Jenkin LET, Smith AM and Wilson PM (1987) The metabolism of flood-tolerant plants. In: Crawford RMM (ed) Plant Life in Aquatic and Amphibious Habitats, pp 227–238. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong J and Armstrong W (1988) Phragmites australis—A preliminary study of soil-oxidizing sites and internal gas transport pathways. New Phytol 108: 373–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong J, Armstrong W and Beckett PM (1992) Phragmites australis: Venturi-and humidity-induced pressure flows enhance rhizome aeration and rhizosphere oxidation. New Phytol 120: 197–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong J, Armstrong W, Beckett PM, Halder JE, Lythe S, Holt R and Sinclair A (1996) Pathways of aeration and the mechanisms and beneficial effects of humidity-and venturi-induced convections in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud. Aquat Bot 54: 177–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W (1964) Oxygen diffusion from the roots of some British bog plants. Nature 204: 801–802

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W (1979) Aeration in higher plants. Adv Bot Res 7: 225–332

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W and Beckett PM (1987) Internal aeration and the development of stelar anoxia in submerged roots. A multishelled mathematical model combining axial diffusion of oxygen in the cortex with radial losses to the stele, the wall layers and the rhizosphere. New Phytol 105: 221–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W and Boatman DJ (1967) Some field observations relating the growth of bog plants to conditions of soil aeration. J Ecol 55: 101–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W and Drew MC (2002) Root growth and metabolism under oxygen deficiency. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A and Kafkafi U (eds) Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, 3rd Edition, pp 729–761. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W and Webb T (1985) A critical oxygen pressure for root extension in rice. J Exp Bot 36: 1573–1582

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Healy MT and Webb T (1982) Oxygen diffusion in pea. I. Pore space resistance in the primary root. New Phytol 91: 647–659

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W Healy MT and Lythe S (1983) Oxygen diffusion in pea. II. Oxygen concentration in the primary root apex as affected by growth, the production of laterals and radial oxygen loss. New Phytol 94: 549–559

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Armstrong J and Beckett PM (1990) Measurement and modelling of oxygen release from roots of Phragmites australis. In: Cooper F and Findlater BC (eds) The Use of Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, pp 41–52. Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Armstrong J, Beckett PM and Justin SHFW (1991a) Convective gas-flows in wetland plant aeration. In: Jackson MB, Davies DD and Lambers H (eds) Plant Life Under Oxygen Deprivation, pp 283–302. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Beckett PM, Justin SHFW and Lythe S (1991b) Modelling, and other aspects of root aeration by diffusion. In: Jackson MB, Davies DD and Lambers H (eds) Plant Life Under Oxygen Deprivation, pp 267–282. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Strange ME, Cringle S and Beckett PM (1994) Microelectrode and modelling study of oxygen distribution in roots. Ann Bot 74: 287–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Armstrong J and Beckett PM (1996a) Pressurised ventilation in emergent macrophytes: The mechanism and mathematical modelling of humidity-induced convection. Aquat Bot 54: 121–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Armstrong J and Beckett PM (1996b) Pressurised aeration in wetland macrophytes: Some theoretical aspects of humidity-induced convection and thermal transpiration. Folia Geobot Phytotaxon 31: 25–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong W, Cousins D, Armstrong J, Turner DW and Beckett PM (2000) Oxygen distribution in wetland plant roots and permeability barriers to gas-exchange with the rhizosphere: A microelectrode and modelling study with Phragmites australis. Ann Bot 86: 687–703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkin OK, Edwards EJ and Loveys BR (2000) Response of root respiration to changes in temperature and its relevance to global warming. New Phytol 147: 141–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atwell GJ and Greenway H (1987) Carbohydrate metabolism of rice seedlings grown in oxygen deficient solution. J Exp Bot 38: 466–478

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett-Lennard EG, Leighton PD, Buwalda F, Gibbs J, Armstrong W, Thomson CJ and Greenway H (1988) Effects of growing wheat in hypoxic solutions and of subsequent transfer to aerated solutions. I. Growth and carbohydrate status of shoots and roots. Aust J Plant Physiol 15: 585–598

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barta AL (1987) Supply and partitioning of assimilates to roots of Medicago sativa L. and Lotus corniculatus L. under anoxia. Plant Cell Environ 10: 151–156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barta AL (1988) Response of field grown alfalfa to root waterlogging and shoot removal. I. Plant injury and root content of carbohydrate and minerals. Agron J 80: 889–892

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckett PM, Armstrong W, Justin SHFW and Armstrong J (1988) On the relative importance of convective and diffusive gas-flows in plant aeration. New Phytol 110: 463–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett PM, Armstrong W and Armstrong J (2001) Mathematical modelling of methane transport by Phragmites: The potential for diffusion within the roots and rhizosphere. Aquat Bot 69:293–312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Begg CBM, Kirk GJD, MacKenzie AF and Neue HU (1994) Root-induced iron oxidation and pH changes in the lowland rice rhizosphere. New Phytol 128: 469–477

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry LJ and Norris WE (1949) Studies on onion root respiration. I. Velocity of oxygen consumption in different segments of roots at different temperatures as a function of partial pressure of oxygen. Biochim Biophys Acta 3: 593–606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackwell PS (1983) Measurement of aeration in waterlogged soils: Some improvements of techniques and their application to experiments using lysimeters. J Soil Sci 34: 271–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwell PS and Wells EA (1983) Limiting oxygen flux densities for oat root extension. Plant Soil 73: 129–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackwell PS, Ward MA, Lefevre RN and Cowan DJ (1985) Compaction of a swelling clay soil by agricultural traffic; effects upon conditions for growth of winter cereals and evidence for some recovery of structure. J Soil Sci 36: 633–650

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown AW (1985) CO2 and intracellular pH. Plant Cell Environ 8: 459–465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brix H (1988) Light-dependent variations in the composition of the internal atmosphere of Phragmites australis (cav.) Trin. Ex Steudel. Aquat Bot 30: 319–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brix H, Sorrell BK and Orr PT (1992) Internal pressurization and convective gas flow in some emergent freshwater macrophytes. Limnol Oceanogr 37: 1420–1433

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannell RQ, Belford RK, Gales K, Dennis CW and Prew RD (1980) Effects of waterlogging at different stages of development on the growth and yield of winter wheat. J Sci Food Agric 31: 117–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Castonguay Y, Nadeau N and Simard RR (1993) Effects of flooding on carbohydrate and ABA levels in roots and shoots of alfalfa. Plant Cell Environ 16: 695–702

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerwick SF, Martin BA and Reding LD (1995) The effect of carbon dioxide on maize seed recovery after flooding. Crop Sci 35: 1116–1121

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang WWP, Huang L, Shen M, Webster C, Burlingame AL and Roberts JKM (2000) Patterns of protein synthesis and tolerance of anoxia in root tips of maize seedlings acclimated to a low-oxygen environment, and identification of proteins by mass spectrometry. Plant Physiol 122: 295–317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi GS, Ram PC, Singh AK, Ram P, Ingram KT, Singh BB, Singh RK and Singh VP (1996) Carbohydrate status of rainfed lowland rice in relation to submergence, drought, and shade tolerance. In: Singh VP, Singh BB and Zeigler BB (eds) Physiology of stress tolerance in plants, pp 103–122. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen PB, Revsbech NP and Sand-Jensen K (1994) Microsensor analysis of oxygen in the rhizosphere of the aquatic macrophyte Littorella uniflora (L.) Ascherson. Plant Physiol 105: 847–852

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colmer TD (2003a) Long-distance transport of gases in plants: a perspective on internal aeration and radial oxygen loss from roots. Plant Cell Environ 26: 17–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colmer TD (2003b) Aerenchyma and an inducible barrier to radial oxygen loss facilitate root aeration in upland, paddy and deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ann Bot 91: 301–309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colmer TD, Huang S and Greenway H (2001) Evidence for down regulation of ethanolic fermentation and K+ effluxes in the coleoptile of rice seedlings during prolonged anoxia. J Exp Bot 52: 1507–1517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conlin TSS and Crowder AA (1989) Location of radial oxygen loss and zones of potential iron uptake in a grass and two nongrass emergent species. Can J Bot 67: 717–722

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connell EL, Colmer TD and Walker DI (1999) Radial oxygen loss from intact roots of Halophila ovalis as a function of distance behind the root tip and shoot illumination. Aquat Bot 63: 219–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer MD (2002) Inorganic carbon utilization by root systems. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A and Kafkafi U (eds) Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, 3rd Edition, pp 699–715. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford RMM (1966) The control of anaerobic respiration as a determining factor in the distribution of the genus Senecio. J Ecol 54: 403–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford RMM and Braendle R (1996) Oxygen deprivation stress in a changing environment. J Exp Bot 47: 145–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dacey JWH (1980) Internal winds in water lilies: An adaptation for life in anaerobic sediments. Science 210: 1017–1019

    Google Scholar 

  • Dacey JWH (1981) Pressurized ventilation in the yellow waterlily. Ecology 62: 1137–1147

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake BG, Gonzalez-Meler MA and Long SP (1997) More efficient plants: A consequence of rising atmospheric CO2? Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48: 609–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drake BG, Azcon-Bieto J, Berry J, Bunce J, Dijkstra P, Farrar J, Gifford RM, Gonzalez-Meler MA, Koch G, Lambers H, Siedow J, Wullschleger S (1999) Does elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration inhibit mitochondrial respiration in green plants? Plant Cell Environ 22: 649–657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drew MC (1992) Soil aeration and plant root metabolism. Soil Sci 154: 259–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew MC (1997) Oxygen deficiency and root metabolism: Injury and acclimation under hypoxia and anoxia. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48: 223–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drew MC, Saglio PH and Pradet A (1985) Larger adenylate charge and ATP/ADP ratios in aerenchymatous roots of Zea mays in anaerobic media as a consequence of improved oxygen transport. Planta 165: 51–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espie GS and Colman B (1982) Photosynthesis and inorganic carbon transport in isolated Asparagus cells. Plant Physiol 70: 649–654

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garthwaite AJ, von Bothmer R and Colmer TD (2003) Diversity in root aeration traits associated with waterlogging tolerance in the genus Hordeum. Funct Plant Biol 30: 875–889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibberd MR, Gray JD, Cocks PS and Colmer TD (2001) Waterlogging tolerance among a diverse range of Trifolium accessions is related to root porosity, lateral root formation and ‘aerotropic rooting.’ Ann Bot 88: 579–589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs J, de Bruxelles G, Armstrong W and Greenway H (1995) Evidence for anoxic zones in 2–3 mm tips of aerenchymatous maize roots under low O2 supply. Aust J Plant Physiol 22:723–730

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs J and Greenway H (2003) Mechanisms of anoxia tolerance in plants. I. Growth, survival and anaerobic catabolism. Funct Plant Biol 30: 1–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs J, Turner DW, Armstrong W, Darwent MJ and Greenway H (1998) Response to oxygen deficiency in primary maize roots. I. Development of oxygen deficiency in the stele reduces radial solute transport to the xylem. Aust J Plant Physiol 25:745–758

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenway H and Gibbs J (2003) Mechanisms of anoxia tolerance in plants. II. Energy requirements for maintenance and energy distribution to essential processes. Funct Plant Biol 30: 999–1036

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenway H, Waters I and Newsome J (1992) Effects of anoxia on uptake and loss of solutes in roots of wheat. Aust J Plant Physiol 19: 233–247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grosse W (1996) The mechanism of thermal transpiration (= thermal osmosis). Aquat Bot 54: 101–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harada T and Ishizawa K (2003) Starch degradation and sucrose metabolism during anaerobic growth of pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions. Plant Soil, 253: 125–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam SM (1970) The performance of Pragmites communis Trin. in relation to water supply. Ann Bot 34: 867–877

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson MB (1979) Rapid injury of peas by soil waterlogging. J Sci Food Agric 30: 143–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson MB and Armstrong W (1999) Formation of aerenchyma and the processes of plant ventilation in relation to soil flooding and submergence. Plant Biol 1: 274–287

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson MB and Drew MC (1984) Effects of flooding on growth and metabolism of herbaceous plants. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Flooding and Plant Growth, pp 47–128. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson MB and Ram PC (2003) Physiological and molecular basis of susceptibility and tolerance of rice plants to complete submergence. Ann Bot 91: 227–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson D, Geisinger D, Walker R, Newman J, Vose, J, Elliot K and Ball T (1994) Soil pCO2, soil respiration, and root activity in CO2-fumigated and nitrogen-fertilised pondesora pine. Plant Soil 165: 129–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Justin SHFW and Armstrong W (1987) The anatomical characteristics of roots and plant response to soil flooding. New Phytol 106: 465–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk GJD (2003) Rice root properties for internal aeration and efficient nutrient acquisition in submerged soil. New Phytol 159: 185–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koncalova H (1990) Anatomical adaptations to waterlogging in roots of wetland graminoids: Limitations and drawbacks. Aquat Bot 38: 127–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Konings H (1982) Ethylene-promoted formation of aerenchyma in seedling roots of Zea mays L. under aerated and non-aerated conditions. Physiol Plant 54: 119–124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper PJC, Walton CS and Greenway H (1994) Effects of hypoxia on ion uptake by nodal and seminal wheat roots. Plant Physiol Biochem 32: 267–276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurkdjian A and Guern J (1989) Intracellular pH: Measurement and importance in cellular activity. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 271–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H (1976) Respiration and NADH-oxidation of the roots of flood-tolerant and flood-intolerant Senecio species as affected by anaerobiosis. Physiol Plant 37: 117–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Atkin OK and Millenaar FF (2002) Respiratory patterns in roots in relation to their functioning. In: Waisel Y, Eshel A and Kafkafi U (eds) Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, 3rd Edition, pp 521–552. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H and Steingrover E (1978) Efficiency of root respiration of a flood-tolerant and flood-intolerant Senecio species as affected by low oxygen tension. Physiol Plant 42: 179–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambers H, Steingrover E and Smakman G (1978) The significance of oxygen transport and of metabolic adaptation in flood-tolerance of Senecio species. Physiol Plant 43: 277–281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leuning R (1983) Transport of gases into leaves. Plant Cell Environ 6: 181–194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Limpinuntana V and Greenway H (1979) Sugar accumulation in barley and rice grown in solutions with low concentrations of oxygen. Ann Bot 43: 373–381

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorimer GH (1983) Carbon dioxide and carbamate formation: The makings of a biochemical control system. Trends Biochem Sci 8: 65–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Colmer TD, Lambers H and Schortemeyer M (2001) Changes in physiological and morphological traits of roots and shoots of wheat in response to different depths of waterlogging. Aust J Plant Physiol 28: 1121–1131

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Colmer TD, Lambers H, Setter TL and Schortemeyer M (2002) Short-term waterlogging has long-term effects on the growth and physiology of wheat. New Phytol 153: 225–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik AI, Colmer TD, Lambers H and Schortemeyer M (2003) Aerenchyma formation and radial O2 loss along adventitious roots of wheat with only the apical portion exposed to O2 deficiency. Plant Cell Environ 26: 1713–1722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mallik S, Kundu C, Banerji C, Nayek DK, Chatterjee SD, Nanda PK, Ingram KT and Setter TL (1995) Rice germplasm evaluation and improvement for stagnant flooding. In: Ingram KT (ed) Rainfed Lowland Rice: Agricultural Research for High Risk Environments, pp 97–109. International Rice Research Institute, Manila

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazaredo AM and Vergara BS (1982) Physiological differences in rice varieties tolerant and susceptible to complete submergence. In: Proceedings of the 1981 International Deepwater Rice Workshop, pp. 327–341. International Rice Research Institute, Manila

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MP, Galwey NW and Colmer TD (2001) Evaluation of Lophopyrum elongatum as a source of genetic diversity to increase the waterlogging tolerance of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). New Phytol 151: 369–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MP, Galwey NW and Colmer TD (2002) Similarity and diversity in adventitious root anatomy as related to root aeration among a range of wetland and dryland grass species. Plant Cell Environ 25: 441–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKee WH and McKevlin MR (1993) Geochemical processes and nutrient uptake by plants in hydric soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 12: 2197–2207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meek BD, Ehlig CF, Stolzy LH and Graham LE (1983) Furrow and trickle irrigation effects on soil oxygen and ethylene and tomato yield. J Soil Sci Soc Am 47: 631–635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer WS, Barrs HD, Smith RCG, White NS, Heritage AD and Short DL (1985) Effects of irrigation on soil oxygen status and root and shoot growth of wheat in a clay soil. Aust J Agric Res 36: 171–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelssohn IA, Keiss BA and Wakeley JS (1995) Factors controlling the formation of oxidised root channels: a review. Wetlands 15: 37–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitz MA (1979) CO2 biodynamics: a new concept of cellular control. J Theor Biol 80: 537–551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyamoto N, Steudle E, Hirasawa T and Lafitte R (2001) Hydraulic conductivity of rice roots. J Exp Bot 52: 1835–1846

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Padovan AC, Dry IB and Wiskisch JT (1989) An analysis of the control of phosphorylation-coupled respiration in isolated plant mitochondria. Plant Physiol 90: 928–933

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palet A, Ribas-Carbo M, Argiles JM and Azcon-Bieto J (1991) Short term effects of carbon dioxide on carnation callus cell respiration. Plant Physiol 96: 467–472.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce DME and Jackson MB (1991) Comparison of growth responses of barnyard grass (Echinochloa oryzoides) and rice (Oryza sativa) to submergence, ethylene, carbon dioxide and oxygen shortage. Ann Bot 68: 201–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen O, Sand-Jensen K and Revsbech NP (1995) Diel pulses of O2 and CO2 in sandy lake sediments inhabited by Lobelia dortmanna. Ecology 76: 1536–1545

    Google Scholar 

  • Perata P, Loreti E, Guglielminetti L and Alpi A (1998) Carbohydrate metabolism and anoxia tolerance in cereal grains. Acta Bot Neerl 47: 269–283

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponnamperuma FN (1984) Effects of flooding on soils. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Flooding and Plant Growth, pp 9–45. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pradet A and Bomsel JL (1978) Energy metabolism in plants under hypoxia and anoxia. In: Hook DD and Crawford RMM (eds) Plant Life in Anaerobic Environments, pp 89–118. Ann Arbor Science, Michigan

    Google Scholar 

  • Ram PC, Singh BB, Singh AK, Ram P, Singh PN, Singh HP, Boamfa I, Harren F, Santosa E, Jackson MB, Setter TL, Reuss J, Wade LJ, Singh VP and Singh RK (2002) Submergence tolerance in rainfed lowland rice: Physiological basis and prospects for cultivar improvement through marker-aided breeding. Field Crop Res 76: 131–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranathunge K, Steudle E and Lafitte R (2003) Control of water uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.): Role of the outer part of the root. Planta 217: 193–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ridge I (1987) Ethylene and growth control in amphibious plants. In: Crawford RMM (ed) Plant Life in Aquatic and Amphibious Habitats, pp 53–76. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Robards AW, Clarkson DT and Sanderson J (1979) Structure and permeability of the epidermal/hypodermal layers of the sand sedge (Carex arenaria, L.). Protoplasma 101: 331–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JKM, Lane AN, Clark RA and Nieman RH (1985) Relationships between the rate of synthesis of ATP and the concentrations of reactants and products of ATP hydrolysis in maize root tips, determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Arch Biochem Biophys 240: 712–722.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubinigg M, Stulen I, Elzenga JTM and Colmer TD (2002) Spatial patterns of radial oxygen loss and nitrate net flux along adventitious roots of rice raised in aerated or stagnant solution. Funct Plant Biol 29: 1475–1481

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saglio PH (1985) Effect of path or sink anoxia on sugar translocation in roots of maize seedlings. Plant Physiol 77: 285–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segel IH (1976) Biochemical Calculations. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Setter TL and Belford RK (1990) Waterlogging: How it reduces plant growth and how plants can overcome its effects. West Aust J Agric 31: 51–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Setter TL, Ellis M, Laureles EV, Ella ES, Senadhira D, Mishra SB, Sarkarung S and Datta S (1997) Physiology and genetics of submergence tolerance in rice. Ann Bot 79(Supplement), 67–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Setter TL, Waters I, Greenway H, Atwell BJ and Kupkanchanakul T (1987) Carbohydrate status of terrestrial plants during flooding. In: Crawford RMM (ed) Plant Life in Aquatic and Amphibious Habitats, Special Publication No. 5 British Ecological Society, pp 411–433. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh HP, Singh BB, Ram PC (2001) Submergence tolerance of rainfed lowland rice, search for physiological marker traits. J Plant Physiol 158: 883–889

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrell BK (1994) Airspace structure and mathematical modelling of oxygen diffusion, aeration and anoxia in Eleocharis sphacelata R. Br. roots. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 45: 1529–1541

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrell BK and Dromgoole FI (1987) Oxygen transport in the submerged freshwater macrophyte Egeria densa Planch. I. Oxygen production, storage and release. Aquat Bot 28: 63–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrell BK, Brix H and Orr PT (1997) Eleocharis sphacelata: internal gas transport pathways and modelling of aeration by pressurized flow and diffusion. New Phytol 136: 433–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St-Cyr L and Campbell PGC (1996) Metals (Fe, Mn, Zn) in the root plaque of submerged aquatic plants collected in situ: relations with metal concentrations in the adjacent sediments and in the root tissue. Biogeochemistry 33: 45–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg SL (1996) Mass and energy exchange between the atmosphere and leaf influence gas pressurization in aquatic plants. New Phytol 134: 587–599

    Google Scholar 

  • Summers JE and Jackson MB (1996) Anaerobic promotion of stem extension in Potamogeton pectinatus. Roles for carbon dioxide, acidification and hormones. Physiol Plant 96: 615–622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summers JE, Ratcliffe RG and Jackson MB (2000) Anoxia tolerance in the aquatic monocot Potamogeton pectinatus: absence of oxygen stimulates elongation in association with an unusually large Pasteur effect. J Exp Bot 51: 1413–1422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szal B, Jolivet Y, Hasenfratz-Sauder M-P, Dizengremel P and Rychter AM (2003) Oxygen concentration regulates alternative oxidase expression in barley roots during hypoxia and post-hypoxia. Physiol Plant 119: 494–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson CJ and Greenway H (1991) Metabolic evidence for stelar anoxia in maize roots exposed to low O2 concentrations. Plant Physiol 96: 1294–1301

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson CJ, Armstrong W, Waters I and Greenway H (1990) Aerenchyma formation and associated oxygen movement in seminal and nodal roots of wheat. Plant Cell Environ 13:395–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson CJ, Colmer TD, Watkins ELJ and Greenway H (1992) Tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum cvs. Gamenya and Kite) and triticale (Triticosecale cv. Muir) to waterlogging. New Phytol 120: 335–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Trought MCT and Drew MC (1980) The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) II. Accumulation and redistribution of nutrients by the shoot. Plant Soil 56: 187–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji H, Nakazono M, Saisho D, Tsutsumi N and Hirai A (2000) Transcript levels of the nuclear-encoded respiratory genes in rice decrease by oxygen deprivation: Evidence for involvement of calcium in expression of the alternative oxidase 1a gene. FEBS Lett 471: 201–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visser EJW, Colmer TD, Blom CWPM and Voesenek LACJ (2000) Changes in growth, porosity, and radial oxygen loss from adventitious roots of selected mono-and dicotyledonous wetland species with contrasting types of aerenchyma. Plant Cell Environ 23: 1237–1245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voesenek LACJ, Armstrong W, Bogemann GM, McDonald MP and Colmer TD (1999) A lack of aerenchyma and high rates of radial oxygen loss from the root base contribute to the waterlogging intolerance of Brassica napus. Aust J Plant Physiol 26: 87–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Voesenek LACJ and Blom CWPM (1989) Growth responses of Rumex species in relation to submergence and ethylene. Plant Cell Environ 12: 433–439

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waters I, Armstrong W, Thompson CJ, Setter TL, Adkins S, Gibbs J and Greenway H (1989) Diurnal changes in radial oxygen loss and ethanol metabolism in roots of submerged and nonsubmerged rice seedlings. New Phytol 113: 439–451

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waters I, Kuiper PJC, Watkin E, Greenway H (1991) Effects of anoxia on wheat seedlings. I. Interaction between anoxia and other environmental factors. J Exp Bot 42: 1427–1435

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb T and Armstrong W (1983) The effects of anoxia and carbohydrates on the growth and viability of rice, pea and pumpkin roots. J Exp Bot 34: 579–603

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ying J, Peng S, He Q, Yang H, Yang C, Visperas RM and Cassman KG (1998) Comparison of high-yield rice in tropical and subtropical environments. I. Determinants of grain and dry matter yields. Field Crop Res 57: 71–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q and Greenway H (1994) Anoxia tolerance and anaerobic catabolism of aged beetroot storage tissue. J Exp Bot 45:567–575

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Lauchli A and Greenway H (1992) Effects of anoxia on solute loss from beetroot storage tissue. J Exp Bot 43:897–905

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia

    Timothy D. Colmer & Hank Greenway

Authors
  1. Timothy D. Colmer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hank Greenway
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Timothy D. Colmer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia

    Hans Lambers

  2. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Miquel Ribas-Carbo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Colmer, T.D., Greenway, H. (2005). Oxygen Transport, Respiration, and Anaerobic Carbohydrate Catabolism in Roots in Flooded Soils. In: Lambers, H., Ribas-Carbo, M. (eds) Plant Respiration. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3589-6_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation