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Photoprotection of Photosystem II: Reaction Center Quenching Versus Antenna Quenching

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Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation, and Environment

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 21))

Summary

Understanding the role of the xanthophyll cycle and elucidating the mechanisms of antenna quenching through the non-photochemical dissipation of excess absorbed energy in the photoprotection of the photochemical apparatus continues to be a major focus of photosynthetic research. In addition to antenna quenching, there is evidence for the non-photochemical dissipation of excess energy through the PS II reaction center. Hence, this photoprotective mechanism is called reaction center quenching. One technique to assess reaction center quenching is photosynthetic thermoluminescence. This technique represents a simple but powerful probe of PS II photochemistry that measures the light emitted due to the reversal of PS II charge separation through the thermally-dependent recombination of the negative charges stabilized on Q− A and Q− B on the acceptor side of PS II with the positive charges accumulated in the S2- and S3-states of the oxygen evolving complex. Changes in the temperature maxima for photosynthetic thermoluminescence may reflect changes in redox potentials of recombining species within PS II reaction centers. Exposure of Synechococcussp. PCC 7942, Pinus sylvestrisL., Arabidopsis thaliana, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to either lowtemperatures or to high light induces a significant downshift in the temperature maxima for S2Q− B and S3Q− B recombinations relative to S2Q− A and S3Q− A recombinations. These shifts in recombination temperatures are indicative of lower activation energy for the S2Q− B redox pair recombination and a narrowing of the free energy gap betweenQAandQB electron acceptors. This, in turn, is associated with a decrease in the overall thermoluminescence emission. We propose that environmental factors such as high light and low temperature result in an increased population of reduced QA (Q− A), that is, increased excitation pressure, facilitating non-radiative P680+Q− A radical pair recombination within the PS II reaction center. The underlying molecular mechanisms regulating reaction center quenching appear to be species dependent. We conclude that reaction center quenching and antenna quenching are complementary mechanisms that may function to photoprotect PS II to different extents in vivo depending on the species as well as the environmental conditions to which the organism is exposed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7

    Norman P.A. Huner, Alexander G. Ivanov, Prafullachandra V. Sane, Tessa Pocock, Marianna Król, Andrius Balseris & Dominic Rosso

  2. Umeå Plant Science Center Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden

    Alexander G. Ivanov, Prafullachandra V. Sane, Vaughan M. Hurry & Gunnar Öquist

  3. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0C6

    Leonid V. Savitch

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  1. Norman P.A. Huner
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  4. Tessa Pocock
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  7. Dominic Rosso
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  8. Leonid V. Savitch
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, U.S.A

    Barbara Demmig-Adams (Dr) & William W. Adams III (Dr) (Dr) &  (Dr)

  2. Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A

    Autar K. Mattoo

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Huner, N.P. et al. (2008). Photoprotection of Photosystem II: Reaction Center Quenching Versus Antenna Quenching. In: Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, W.W., Mattoo, A.K. (eds) Photoprotection, Photoinhibition, Gene Regulation, and Environment. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3579-9_11

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