Abstract
As the author has shown in previous work, although linguistics as a science was born in Darwin’s century, Darwinism’s influence on it was superficial and produced the mystifying, but still current, view that language is a living organism, and language change an organic law. Language is, instead, a social artefact with an interface with nature, which is governed by the law of conservation and changes only exceptionally. Since language is innate—as claimed by Chomsky and now demonstrated by natural sciences—and Homo was thus born loquens, the evolution of language—and all world languages, including Indo-European (IE)—must be mapped onto the entire course of human cultural evolution, in the new framework provided by the Palaeolithic Continuity Theory (PCT).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agrawal, D.P.; and Sheela K. 1996. “Origins of tool, techniques and languages: Are they related?” In: Facchini, F. (ed.), Colloquium VIII: Lithic industries, language and social behaviour in the first human forms. The colloquia of the XIII international congress of prehistoric and protohistoric sciences (Forlì, September 8–14, 1996) 95–105. Forlì: Abacus.
Alinei, M. 1991. “L’approccio semantico e storico-culturale: verso un nuovo orizzonte cronologico per la formazione dei dialetti.” In: Atti del Colloquio «dialetti e la dialettologia negli anni Novanta», Lecce 9–11 maggio 1991, Rivista Italiana di Dialettologia. Lingue Dialetti Società 15: 43–65.
Alinei, M. 1992. “Dialectologie, anthropologie culturelle, archéologie: vers un nouvel horizon chronologique pour la formation des dialectes européens.” In: Nazioarteko dialektologia biltzarra. Agirak. Actas del Congreso international de dialectologia Euskaltzaindia, Bilbo 1991.X.21/25, Louis Lucien Bonaparte Centenaire 1881–1991 577–606. Bilbo.
Alinei, M. 1996. “The correlation between lithic and linguistic develoment: A geolinguist’s view.” In: Facchini, F. (ed.), Colloquium VIII: Lithic industries, language and social behaviour in the first human forms. The colloquia of the XIII international congress of prehistoric and protohistoric sciences (Forlì, September 8–14, 1996) 107–116. Forlì: Abacus.
Alinei, M. 1996–2000. Origini delle lingue d’Europa, Vol. I—La teoria della continuità. Vol. II: Continuità dal Mesolitico all’età del Ferro nelle principali aree etnolinguistiche, Vol. 2. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Alinei, M. 1997a. “L’aspect magico-religieux dans la zoonymie populaire.” In: Dalbera, P. (ed.), Les zoonymes 9–22. Nice. [Publications de la Faculté des Lettres, Arts, et Sciences Humaines de Nice, Nouvelle Série, 38].
Alinei, M. 1997b. “Magico-religious motivations in European dialects: A contribution to archaeolinguistics.” Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 5: 3–30.
Alinei, M. 1997c. “L’etude historique des etrês imaginaires des Alpes dans le cadre de la theorie de la continuité.” In: Actes de la conference annuelle sur l’activité scientifique du Centre d’Etudes Francoprovencales: Les Etres imaginaires dans les recits des Alpes 103–110. Aosta.
Alinei, M. 1997d. “La teoria della continuitá ed alcuni esempi di lunga durata nel lessico dialettale neolatino.” Rivista Italiana di Dialettologia, Lingue Dialetti Societá 21: 73–96.
Alinei, M. 1997e. “Geolinguistic and other lines of evidence for the correlation between lithic and linguistic development.” Europaea III: 15–38.
Alinei, M. 1998a. “Towards an invasionless model of Indoeuropean origins: The continuity theory.” In: Pearce, M.; Tosi M. (eds.), Papers from the EEA third annual meeting at Ravenna 1997-Vol. I Pre-and Protohistory 31–33. BAR International Series.
Alinei, M. 1998b. “Il problema dell’etnogenesi ladina alla luce della “teoria della continuitá””. In: Valeruz, N.; Chiocchetti, F. (eds.), Atti del convegno I Ladins dles Dolomites, Convegno interdisciplinare (Vigo di Fassa, September 11–14, 1996). Mondo Ladino 22: 459–487.
Alinei, M. 1998c. “Nuove prospettive nella ricerca storico-semantica ed etimologica.” Quaderni di Semantica 19: 199–212.
Alinei, M. 2000a. “An alternative model for the origins of European peoples and languages: The continuity theory.” Quaderni di Semantica 21: 21–50.
Alinei, M. 2000b. “L’etnogenesi ladina alla luce delle nuove teorie sulle origini dei popoli indoeuropei.” In: Comploi, E., et al. (eds.), Atti del convegno “Ad Gredine forestum: il costituirsi di una vallata,” Ortisei, September 23–25, 1999 23–64. Ortisei.
Alinei, M. 2001a. “European dialects: A window on the prehistory of Europe.” Lingua e Stile 36: 219–240.
Alinei, M. 2001b. “Confini archeologici, confini dialettali: verso una dialettologia interdisciplinare.” In: Marcato, G. (ed.), I confini del dialetto, Atti del convegno Sappada/Plodn (Belluno, 5–9 luglio 2000) 75–94. Padova: Unipress.
Alinei, M. 2001c. “Conseguenze delle nuove teorie indoeuropeistiche sulla dialettologia romanza.” Estudis Romànics 23: 7–47.
Alinei, M. 2001d. “Nuove prospettive nella ricerca storico-semantica ed etimologica.” In: Società di Linguistica Italiana SLI 42, Semantica e lessicologia storiche, Atti del XXXII Congresso 25–46. Roma: Bulzoni.
Alinei, M. 2002. “Towards a generalized continuity model for Uralic and Indoeuropean languages.” In: Julku, K. (ed.), The roots of peoples and languages of Northern Eurasia IV, Oulu 18.8–20.8. 2000 9–33. Oulu: Societas Historiae Fenno-Ugricae.
Alinei, M. 2003a. Etrusco: una forma arcaica di ungherese. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Alinei, M. 2003b. “Interdisciplinary and linguistic evidence for Palaeolithic continuity of Indo-European, Uralic and Altaic populations in Eurasia.” Quaderni di Semantica 24: 187–216.
Alinei, M. 2004a. “Linguistica storica e reificazione del linguaggio: In margine a un articolorecensione di Adiego.” Estudis Románics 26: 201–215.
Alinei, M. 2004b. “Continuity from Palaeolithic of Indo-European and Uralic populations in Europe: The convergence of linguistic and archaeological frontiers.” In: Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2–8 September 2001, 93–107. BAR International Series 1302.
Alinei, M. 2004c. “Interdisciplinary and linguistic evidence for Palaeolithic continuity of Indo-European, Uralic and Altaic populations in Eurasia, with an excursus on Slavic ethnogenesis.” In: www.continuitas.com.
Ammerman, A.J.; and Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. 1984. The Neolithic transition and the genetics of population in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ballester, X. 1999. “Alinei, ovvero Indoeuropei, gente comune: perché no?” Rivista Italiana di Dialettologia 23: 293–310.
Ballester, X. 2000. “Sulle origini delle lingue indoeuropee.” Quaderni di Semantica 21: 7–20.
Ballester, X. 2001. “Alinei II: la sintesi emergente.” Rivista Italiana di Dialettologia 25: 373–385.
Ballester, X. 2004. “Indo-European: A language for hunters and gatherers.” In: Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Lièege, Belgium, 2–8 September 2001, 85–91. BAR International Series 1302.
Benozzo, F. 2001. “Review of Alinei, M. 1996–2000. Origini delle lingue d’Europa, Vol. I—La teoria della continuità. Vol. II: Continuità dal Mesolitico all’età del Ferro nelle principali aree etnolinguistiche. Bologna: Il Mulino.” Studi Celtici 1: 243–253.
Burkitt, M.; and Childe, V. G. 1932. “Achronological table of prehistory.” Antiquity 6: 185–205.
Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.; Piazza, A.; Menozzi, P.; and Mountain, J. 1988. “Reconstruction of human evolution: Bringing together genetic, archaeological and linguistic data.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 85: 6002–6006.
Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.; Piazza, A.; Menozzi, P.; and Mountain, J. 1994. The history and geography of human genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Cavazza, F. 2001. Lezioni di indoeuropeistica con particolare riguardo alle lingue classiche (sanscrito, greco, latino, gotico. I. I nomi degli Indoeuropei, loro protolingua e loro protopatria, la glottogenesi, cultura e società indoeuropea, le lingue indoeuropee. Pisa: Edizioni ETS.
Childe, V.G. 1925/1957. The dawn of European civilization, 1st Ed./6th revised Ed. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Christy, C. 1983. Uniformitarianism in linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company [Studies in the History of Linguistics, Vol. 31].
Contini, M. 2000. “Vers une nouvelle linguistique historique. L’ouvrage de Mario Alinei, Origini delle lingue d’Europa.” Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 8: 13–35.
Costa, G. 1998. Le origini della lingua poetica indoeuropea. Voce, coscienza e transizione neolitica. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore.
Costa, G. 2000. Sulla preistoria della tradizione poetica italica. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore.
Costa, G. 2001. “Continuitá e identitá nella preistoria indeuropea: verso un nuovo paradigma.” Quaderni di Semantica 22: 215–260.
Costa, G. 2002. “Note linguistico-culturali in margine a un testo implicito: l’iscrizione paleoitalica da Tortora e l’area italide.” Quaderni di Semantica 23: 223–241.
Costa, G. 2003. “Extra epistemologiam nulla salus, o sullo status della linguistica come scienza.” Quaderni di Semantica 24: 229–277.
Daniel, G. 1962. The idea of prehistory. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Durante, M. 1977. “Aspetti e problemi della palaeontologia indeuropea.” In: Palaeontologia linguistica. Atti del VI convegno internazionale di linguisti (Milano, September 2–6, 1974). Brescia: Paideia.
Georgiev, V.I. 1966. Introduzione alla storia delle lingue indeuropee. Roma: Edizioni Dell’Ateneo.
Gibson, K.R. 1996. “Technology, language and cognitive capacity.” In: Facchini, F. (ed.), Colloquium VIII: Lithic industries, language and social behaviour in the first human forms. The colloquia of the XIII international congress of prehistoric and protohistoric sciences (Forlì, September 8–14, 1996) 117–123. Forlì: Abacus.
Gibson, K.R.; and Ingold T. (eds.). 1993. Tools, language and cognition in human evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gillieron, J.; and Edmont, E. 1902–1908. Atlas linguistique de la France. Paris: Champion.
Gimbutas, M. 1970. “Proto-Indo-European culture: The Kurgan culture during the 5th to the 3rd millennia B.C.” In: Cardona, G.; Koenigswald, H.M.; and Senn A. (eds.), Indo-European and Indo-Europeans 155–198. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Gimbutas, M. 1973. “Old Europe c. 7000-3500 B.C., the earliest European cultures before the infiltration of the Indo-European peoples.” Journal of Indo-European Studies 1: 1–20.
Gimbutas, M. 1977. “The first wave of Eurasian steppe pastoralists into Copper Age Europe”. Journal of Indo-European Studies 5: 277–338.
Gimbutas, M. 1980. “The Kurgan wave migration (c. 3400-3200 B.C.) into Europe and the following transformation of culture.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8: 273–315.
Hauser, M. D.; Chomsky, N.; and Tecumseh Fitch, W. 2002. “The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?” In: Science 298: 1569–1579.
Häusler, A. 1998. “Überlegungen zum Ursprung der Indogermanen.” In: Julku, K.; and Wiik K. (eds.), The roots of peoples and languages of Northern Eurasia I (Turku, May 30–June 1, 1997) 36–52. Turku: Societas Historiae Fenno-Ugricae.
Häusler, A. 2003. Nomaden, Indogermanen, Invasionen: Zur Entstehung eines Mythos. Halle-Wittenberg: Orientwissenschaftliches Zentrum der Martin-Luther-Universitätn. [Orientwissenschaftliche Hefte 5. Mitteilungen des SFB “Differenz und Integration” 3].
Holloway, R.L. 1981. “Culture, symbols, and human brain evolution.” Dialectical Anthropology 5: 287–303.
Holloway, R.L. 1983. “Human paleontological evidence relevant to language behavior.” Human Neurobiology 2: 105–114.
Holloway, R.L.; and De La Coste-Lareymondie, M.C. 1982. “Brain endocasts asymmetry in Pongids and Hominids: Some preliminary findings on the paleontology of cerebral dominance.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58: 101–110.
Kühn, H. 1934. “Herkunft und Heimat der Indogermanen.” In: Proceedings of the first international congress of prehistoric and protohistoric sciences (London, August 1–6, 1932). Oxford, London: Oxford University Press, Humphrey Milford.
Labov, W. 1965a. “The social motivation of a sound change.” Word 19: 273–309.
Labov, W. 1965b. “On the mechanisms of linguistic change.” Georgetown University Monographs on Language and Linguistics 18: 91–114.
Labov, W. 1966. The social stratification of English in New York. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Le Du, J. 2003. “Review of Alinei, M. 1996. Origini delle lingue d’Europa, Vol. I—La teoria della continuità. Bologna: Il Mulino.” Études Celtiques 35: 351–358.
Leakey, R.; and Lewin, R. 1992. Origins reconsidered: In search of what makes us human. New York: Doubleday.
Leroi-Gourhan, A. 1964. Le geste et la parole. Paris: Albin Michel.
Mallory, J.P. 1989. In search of the Indo-Europeans. Language, archaeology andmyth. London: Thames and Hudson.
Meinander, C.F. 1973. “The problem of the Finno-Ugrian peoples’ origin on the base of archaeological data.” Helsingin Yliopiston Arkeologian Laitos Moniste 7: 3–14.
Menozzi, P.; Piazza, A.; and Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. 1978. “Syntetic maps of human gene frequencies in Europeans. These maps indicate that early farmers of the Near East spread to all of Europe in the Neolithic.” Science 201: 786–792.
Nerlich, B. 1990. Change in language: Whitney, Bréal and Wegener. London and New York: Routledge.
Nuñez, M.G. 1987. “Amodel for the early settlement of Finland.” Fennoscandia Archaeologica 4: 3–18.
Nuñez, M.G. 1989. “More on Finland’s settling model.” Fennoscandia Archaeologica 6: 90–98.
Nuñez, M.G. 1995. “The early settlement of northern Fennoscandia: When and whence.” Faravid 18–19: 5–14.
Nuñez, M.G. 1997. “Finland’s settling model revisited.” Helsinki Papers in Archaeology 10: 93–102.
Nuñez, M.G. 1998. “Old and new ideas about the origins of the Finns and Saami.” In: Julku, K.; Wiik, K. (eds.), The roots of peoples and languages of Northern Eurasia I (Turku, May 30–June 1, 1997) 151–160. Turku: Societas Historiae Fenno-Ugricae.
Nuñez, M.G. 2002. “The rise and fall of Hackman’s archaeological-linguistic Model and its aftermath: An epistemological appraisal.” In: Julku, K. (ed.), The roots of peoples and languages of Northern Eurasia IV (Oulu, August 18,–20, 2000) 197–212. Societas Historiae Fenno-Ugricae, Oulu.
Otte, M. 1994. “Diffusion of modern languages in prehistoric Eurasia.” Preprint World Archaeological Congress 4. New Delhi.
Otte, M. 1995. “Diffusion des langues modernes en Eurasie préhistorique.” Comptes Rendues de l’Académie de Sciences de Paris T. 321, série II a: 1219–1226.
Parker, S.T.; and Gibson, K.R. 1979. “A developmental model for the evolution of language and intelligence in early hominids.” The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2: 367–408.
Piaget, J. 1952. The origins of intelligence in children. New York: Norton.
Piaget, J. 1954. The construction of reality in the child. New York: Basic Books.
Piaget, J. 1955. The language and thought of the child. New York: World Publishing.
Pinker, S. 1994. The language instinct. The new science of language and mind. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Pinna, G. 1992. Paleontologia. Milano: Jaca Book.
Poghirc, C. 1992. “Pour une concordance fonctionnelle et chronologique entre linguistique, Archéologie et anthropologie dans le domaine indo-européen.” In: Beekes, R.; Lubotsky, A.; and Weitenberg, J. (eds.), Rekonstruktion und relative Chronologie 321–333. (Insbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft Band 65).
Poliakov, L. 1974. The Aryan myth. A history of racist and nationalist ideas in Europe. Edinburgh: Chatto-Heinemann.
Renfrew, C. 1987. Archaeology and language: The puzzle of Indo-European origins. London: Jonathan Cape.
Römer, R. 1985. Sprachwissenschaft und Rassenideologie in Deutschland. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
Ruhlen, M. 1994. On the origin of languages. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Schick, K. 1994. “The Movius Line reconsidered. Perspectives on the earlier Palaeolithic of Eastern Asia.” In: Robert, S.C.; and Russell, L.C. (eds.), Integrative paths to the past: Palaeoanthroplogical advances in honor of F. Clark Howell 429–449. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Simoni Aurembou, M.-R. 2002. “Nouveau regards sur la variation diatopique, Avant-propos.” Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire 80: 773–777.
Sykes, B. 2001. The seven daughters of Eve. London: Corgi Books.
Thomas, H.L. 1991. “Indo-European: From the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic”. In: Perspectives on Indo-European language, culture and religion: Studies in honor of E.C. Polomé, Vol. I 12–37. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
Tobias, P.V. 1996. “The evolution of the brain, language and cognition.” In: Facchini, F. (ed.), Colloquium VIII: Lithic industries, language and social behaviour in the first human forms. The colloquia of the XIII international congress of prehistoric and protohistoric sciences (Forlì, September 8–14, 1996) 87–94. Forlì: Abacus.
Trigger, B.G. 1989. A History of archaeological thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Villar, F. 1996. Los indoeuropeos y los orígines de Europa: Lenguaje y historia. Madrid: Gredos.
Vygotsky, L.S. 1962. Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: The Massachusetts Institute for Technology Press. [First edition in 1934].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alinei, M. (2006). Darwinism, traditional linguistics and the new Palaeolithic Continuity Theory of language evolution. In: Gontier, N., Van Bendegem, J.P., Aerts, D. (eds) Evolutionary Epistemology, Language and Culture. Theory and Decision Library A:, vol 39. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3395-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3395-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-3394-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-3395-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawPhilosophy and Religion (R0)