Skip to main content

Cell Encapsulation Therapy for Malignant Gliomas

  • Chapter
Applications of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Focus on Biotechnology ((FOBI,volume 8B))

  • 1598 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kleihues, P. and Cavenee, W.K. (2000) World Health Organization classification of tumours: Pathology and genetics of tumours of the central nervous system. IARC press.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rainov, N.G. (2000) A phase III clinical evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and ganciclovir gene therapy as an adjuvant to surgical resection and radiation in adults with previously untreated glioblastoma multiforme. Hum.Gene Ther. 11: 2389–2401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Read, T.A.; Sorensen, D.R.; Mahesparan, R.; Enger, P.O.; Timpl, R.; Olsen, B.R.; Hjelstuen, M.H.; Haraldseth, O., and Bjerkvig, R. (2001) Local endostatin treatment of gliomas administered by microencapsulated producer cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 29–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Watanabe, K.; Sato, K.; Biernat, W.; Tachibana, O.; von Ammon, K.; Yonekawa, Y.; Kleihues, P. and Ohgaki, H. (1996) Overexpression of the EGF receptor and p53 mutations are mutually exclusive in the evolution of primary and secondary glioblastomas. Brain Pathol. 6: 217–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Burger, P.C.; Heinz, E.R.; Shibata, T. and Kleihues, P. (1988) Topographic anatomy and CT correlations in the untreated glioblastoma multiforme. J. Neurosurg. 68: 698–704.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bjerkvig, R.; Lund-Johansen, M. and Edvardsen, K. (1997) Tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis in the central nervous system. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 9: 223–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pedersen, P. H.; Rucklidge, G.J.; Mork, S.J.; Terzis, A.J.; Engebraaten, O.; Lund-Johansen, M.; Backlund, E.O.; Laerum, O.D. and Bjerkvig, R. (1994) Leptomeningeal tissue: a barrier against brain tumor cell invasion. J Natl. Cancer Inst. 86: 1593–1599.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Harsh, G.R. and Wilson, C.B. (1990) Neuroepithelial tumors of the adult brain. Neurol. surg. 5: 3040–3136.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dandy, W.E. (1928) Removal of right cerebral hemisphere for certain tumors with hemiplegia. JAMA 90: 823–825.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Azizi, A.; Black, P.; Miyamoto, C. and Croul, S.E. (2001) Treatment of malignant astrocytomas with repetitive resections: a longitudinal study. Isr. Med. Assoc. J 3: 254–257.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kristiansen, K.; Hagen, S.; Kollevold, T.; Torvik, A.; Holme, I.; Nesbakken, R.; Hatlevoll, R.; Lindgren, M.; Brun, A.; Lindgren, S.; Notter, G.; Andersen, A.P. and Elgen, K. (1981) Combined modality therapy of operated astrocytomas grade III and IV. Confirmation of the value of postoperative irradiation and lack of potentiation of bleomycin on survival time: a prospective multicenter trial of the Scandinavian Glioblastoma Study Group. Cancer 47: 649–652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Burger, P.C.; Mahley, M.S., Jr.; Dudka, L. and Vogel, F.S. (1979) The morphologic effects of radiation administered therapeutically for intracranial gliomas: a postmortem study of 25 cases. Cancer 44: 1256–1272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kramer, S. (1968) The hazards of therapeutic iradiation of the central nervous system. Clin. Neurosurg. 15: 301–318.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Anonymous. (2001) Randomized trial of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in the adjuvant treatment of high-grade astrocytoma: a Medical Research Council trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 19: 509–518.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brem, H. and Gabikian, P. (2001) Biodegradable polymer implants to treat brain tumors. J. Control Release 74: 63–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Stupp, R.; Dietrich, P.Y.; Ostermann; Kraljevic, S.; Pica, A.; Maillard, I.; Maeder, P.; Meuli, R.; Janzer, R.; Pizzolato, G.; Miralbell, R.; Porchet, F.; Regli, L.; de Tribolet, N.; Mirimanoff, R.O. and Leyvraz, S. (2002) Promising survival for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated with concomitant radiation plus temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide. J. Clin. Oncol. 20: 1375–1382.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hanahan, D. and Folkman, J. (1996) Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 86: 353–364.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. O’Reilly, M.S.; Holmgren, L.; Shing, Y.; Chen, C.; Rosenthal, R.A.; Moses, M.; Lane, W.S.; Cao, Y.; Sage, E.H. and Folkman, J. (1994) Angiostatin: a novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by a Lewis lung carcinoma. Cell 79: 315–328.

    Google Scholar 

  19. O’Reilly, M.S.; Boehm, T.; Shing, Y.; Fukai, N.; Vasios, G.; Lane, W.S.; Flynn, E.; Birkhead, J.R.; Olsen, B.R. and Folkman, J. (1997) Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 88: 277–285.

    Google Scholar 

  20. O’Reilly, M.S.; Pirie-Shepherd, S.; Lane, W.S. and Folkman, J. (1999) Antiangiogenic activity of the cleaved conformation of the serpin antithrombin. Science 285: 1926–1928.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Boehm, T.; Folkman, J.; Browder, T. and O’Reilly, M.S. (1997) Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired drug resistance. Nature 390: 404–407.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yamaguchi, N.; Anand-Apte, B.; Lee, M.; Sasaki, T.; Fukai, N.; Shapiro, R.; Que, I.; Lowik, C.; Timpl, R. and Olsen, B.R. (1999) Endostatin inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and tumour growth independently of zinc binding. EMBO J. 18: 4414–4423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Perletti, G.; Concari, P.; Giardini, R.; Marras, E.; Piccinini, F.; Folkman, J. and Chen, L. (2000) Antitumour activity of endostatin against carcinogen-induced rat primary mammary tumours. Cancer Res. 60: 1793–1796.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sim, B.K.; MacDonald, N.J. and Gubish, E.R. (2000) Angiostatin and endostatin: endogenous inhibitors of tumour growth. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 19: 181–190.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Thorsen, F.; Read, T.A.; Lund-Johansen, M.; Tysnes, B.B. and Bjerkvig, R. (2000) Alginate-encapsulated producer cells: a potential new approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumours. Cell Transplant. 9: 773–783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Visted, T.; Bjerkvig, R. and Enger, P.O. (2001) Cell encapsulation technology as a therapeutic strategy for CNS malignancies. Neuro.-oncol. 3: 201–210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Joki, T.; Machluf, M.; Atala, A.; Zhu, J.; Seyfried, N.T.; Dunn, I.F.; Abe, T.; Carroll, R.S. and Black, P.M. (2001) Continuous release of endostatin from microencapsulated engineered cells for tumour therapy. Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 35–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Read, T.A.; Farhadi, M.; Bjerkvig, R.; Olsen, B.R.; Rokstad, A.M.; Huszthy, P.C. and Vajkoczy, P. (2001) Intravital microscopy reveals novel antivascular and antitumour effects of endostatin delivered locally by alginate-encapsulated cells. Cancer Res. 61: 6830–6837.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kisker, O.; Becker, C.M.; Prox, D.; Fannon, M.; D’Amato, R.; Flynn, E.; Fogler, W.E.; Sim, B.K.; Allred, E.N.; Pirie-Shepherd, S.R. and Folkman, J. (2001) Continuous administration of endostatin by intraperitoneally implanted osmotic pump improves the efficacy and potency of therapy in a mouse xenograft tumour model. Cancer Res. 61: 7669–7674.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cirone, P.; Bourgeois, J.M.; Austin, R.C. and Chang, P.L. (2002) A novel approach to tumour suppression with microencapsulated recombinant cells. Hum.Gene Ther. 13: 1157–1166.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lichtenbeld, H.C.; Ferarra, N.; Jain, R.K. and Munn, L.L. (1999) Effect of local anti-VEGF antibody treatment on tumour microvessel permeability. Microvasc. Res. 57: 357–362.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Rokstad, A.M.; Holtan, S.; Strand, B.; Steinkjer, B.; Ryan, L.; Kulseng, B.; Skjak-Braek, G. and Espevik, T. (2002) Microencapsulation of cells producing therapeutic proteins: optimizing cell growth and secretion. Cell Transplant. 11: 313–324.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Van Raamsdonk, J.M. and Chang, P.L. (2001) Osmotic pressure test: a simple, quantitative method to assess the mechanical stability of alginate microcapsules. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 54: 264–271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Read, T.A.; Stensvaag, V.; Vindenes, H.; Ulvestad, E.; Bjerkvig, R. and Thorsen, F. (1999) Cells encapsulated in alginate: a potential system for delivery of recombinant proteins to malignant brain tumours. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 17: 653–663.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Rokstad, A.M.; Strand, B.; Rian, K.; Steinkjer, B.; Kulseng, B.; Skjak-Braek, G. and Espevik, T. (2003) Evaluation of different types of alginate microcapsules as bioreactors for producing endostatin. Cell Transplant. 12: 351–364.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Smidsrod, O. and Skjak-Braek, G. (1990) Alginate as immobilization matrix for cells. Trends Biotechnol. 8: 71–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Thu, B.; Bruheim, P.; Espevik, T.; Smidsrod, O.; Soon-Shiong, P. and Skjak-Braek, G. (1996) Alginate polycation microcapsules. II. Some functional properties. Biomaterials 17: 1069–1079.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Thu, B.; Gaserod, O.; Paus, D.; Mikkelsen, A.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Toffanin, R.; Vittur, F. and Rizzo, R. (2000) Inhomogeneous alginate gel spheres: an assessment of the polymer gradients by synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission, magnetic resonance microimaging, and mathematical modeling. Biopolymers 53: 60–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Zekorn, T.; Horcher, A.; Sieber, U.; Schnettler, R.; Hering, B.; Zimmermann, U.; Bretzel, R.G. and Federlin, K. (1992) Barium-cross-linked alginate beads: A simple one-step method for successful immuno isolated transplantation of islets of langerhans. Acta Diabetol. 29: 99–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Thu, B.; Bruheim, P.; Espevik, T.; Smidsrod, O.; Soon-Shiong, P. and Skjak-Braek, G. (1996) Alginate polycation microcapsules. I. Interaction between alginate and polycation. Biomaterials 17: 1031–1040.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kulseng, B.; Thu, B.; Espevik, T. and Skjak-Braek, G. (1997) Alginate polylysine microcapsules as immune barrier: permeability of cytokines and immunoglobulins over the capsule membrane. Cell Transplant. 6: 387–394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Goosen, M.F.A.; O’Shea, G.M.; Gharapetian, H.M. and Chou, S. (1985) Optimization of microencapsulation parameters: Semipermeable microcapsules as a bioartificial pancreas. Biotechnol. Bioeng. XXVII: 146–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Lim, F. and Sun, A.M. (1980) Microencapsulated Islets as Bioartificial Endocrine Pancreas. Science 210: 908–910.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Soon-Shiong, P.; Feldman, E.; Nelson, R.; Komtebedde, J.; Smidsrod, O.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Espevik, T.; Heintz, R. and Lee, M. (1992) Successful reversal of spontaneous diabetes in dogs by intraperitoneal microencapsulated islets. Transplantation 54: 769–774.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Soon-Shiong, P.; Heintz, R.E.; Merideth, N.; Yao, Q.X.; Yao, Z.; Zheng, T.; Murphy, M.; Moloney, M.K.; Schmehl, M. and Harris, M. (1994) Insulin independence in a type 1 diabetic patient after encapsulated islet transplantation. Lancet 343: 950–951.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Peirone, M.A.; Delaney, K.; Kwiecin, J.; Fletch, A. and Chang, P.L. (1998) Delivery of recombinant gene product to canines with nonautologous microencapsulated cells. Hum. Gene Ther. 9: 195–206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. King, A.; Strand, B.; Rokstad, A.M.; Kulseng, B.; Andersson, A.; Skjak-Braek, G. and Sandler, S. (2003) Improvement of the biocompatibility of alginate/poly-L-lysine/alginate microcapsules by the use of epimerised alginate as a coating. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 64A: 533–539.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Peirone, M.; Ross, C.J.; Hortelano, G.; Brash, J.L. and Chang, P.L. (1998) Encapsulation of various recombinant mammalian cell types in different alginate microcapsules. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 42: 587–596.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Benson, J.P.; Papas, K.K.; Constantinidis, I. and Sambanis, A. (1997) Towards the development of a bioartificial pancreas: effects of poly-L-lysine on alginate beads with BTC3 cells. Cell Transplant. 6: 395–402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Constantinidis, I.; Rask, I.; Long, R.C., Jr. and Sambanis, A. (1999) Effects of alginate composition on the metabolic, secretory, and growth characteristics of entrapped beta TC3 mouse insulinoma cells. Biomaterials 20: 2019–2027.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Stabler, C.; Wilks, K.; Sambanis, A. and Constantinidis, I. (2001) The effects of alginate composition on encapsulated betaTC3 cells. Biomaterials 22: 1301–1310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Strand, B.L.; Ryan, T.L.; In’t Veld, P., Kulseng, B.; Rokstad, A.M.; Skjak-Brek, G. and Espevik, T. (2001) Poly-L-Lysine induces fibrosis on alginate microcapsules via the induction of cytokines. Cell Transplant. 10: 263–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Vandenbossche, G.M.; Bracke, M.E.; Cuvelier, C.A.; Bortier, H.E.; Mareel, M.M. and Remon, J.P. (1993) Host reaction against empty alginate-polylysine microcapsules. Influence of preparation procedure. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 45: 115–120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Sawhney, A.S. and Hubbel, J.A. (1992) Poly(ethylene oxide)-graft-poly(L-lysine) copolymers to enhance the biocompatibility of poly(L-lysine)-alginate microcapsule membranes. Biomaterials 13: 863–870.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gaserod, O.; Sannes, A. and Skjak-Braek, G. (1999) Microcapsules of alginate-chitosan. II. A study of capsule stability and permeability. Biomaterials 20: 773–783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Draget, K.I.; Strand, B.; Hartmann, M.; Valla, S.; Smidsrod, O. and Skjak-Braek, G. (2000) Ionic and acid gel formation of epimerised alginates; the effect of AlgE4. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 27: 117–122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Strand, B.L.; Mørch, Y.; Syvertsen, K.; Espevik, T. and Skjak-Brek, G. (2003) Microcapsules made by enzymatically taillored alginate. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 64A: 540–550.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Mazur, X.; Eppenberger, H.M.; Bailey, J.E. and Fussenegger, M. (1999) A novel autoregulated proliferation-controlled production process using recombinant CHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 65: 144–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Schlatter, S.; Bailey, J.E. and Fussenegger, M. (2001) Novel surface tagging technology for selection of complex proliferation-controlled mammalian cell phenotypes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 75: 597–606.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Meyyappan, M.; Wong, H.; Hull, C. and Riabowol, K.T. (1998) Increased expression of cyclin D2 during multiple states of growth arrest in primary and established cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 18: 3163–3172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ritt, M.G.; Mayor, J.; Wojcieszyn, J.; Smith, R.; Barton, C.L. and Modiano, J.F. (2000) Sustained nuclear localization of p21/WAF-1 upon growth arrest induced by contact inhibition. Cancer Lett. 158: 73–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Pani, G.; Colavitti, R.; Bedogni, B.; Anzevino, R.; Borrello, S. and Galeotti, T. (2000) A redox signaling mechanism for density-dependent inhibition of cell growth. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 38891–38899.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Andres, V. and Walsh, K. (1996) Myogenin expression, cell cycle withdrawal, and phenotypic differentiation are temporally separable events that precede cell fusion upon myogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 132: 657–666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Blau, H.M.; Dhawan, J. and Pavlath, G.K. (1993) Myoblasts in pattern formation and gene therapy. Trends Genet. 9: 269–274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Al Hendy, A.; Hortelano, G.; Tannenbaum, G.S. and Chang, P.L. (1995) Correction of the growth defect in dwarf mice with nonautologous microencapsulated myoblasts—an alternate approach to somatic gene therapy. Hum. Gene Ther. 6: 165–175.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hortelano, G.; Al Hendy, A.; Ofosu, F.A. and Chang, P.L. (1996) Delivery of human factor IX in mice by encapsulated recombinant myoblasts: a novel approach towards allogeneic gene therapy of hemophilia B. Blood 87: 5095–5103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Chang, P.L.; Van Raamsdonk, J.M.; Hortelano, G.; Barsoum, S.C.; MacDonald, N.C. and Stockley, T.L. (1999) The in vivo delivery of heterologous proteins by microencapsulated recombinant cells. Trends Biotechnol. 17: 78–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Ross, C.J.; Ralph, M. and Chang, P.L. (1999) Delivery of recombinant gene products to the central nervous system with nonautologous cells in alginate microcapsules. Hum. Gene Ther. 10: 49–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Ross, C.J.; Ralph, M. and Chang, P. L. (2000) Somatic gene therapy for a neurodegenerative disease using microencapsulated recombinant cells. Exp. Neurol. 166: 276–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Van Raamsdonk, J.M.; Ross, C.J.; Potter, M.A.; Kurachi, S.; Kurachi, K.; Stafford, D.W. and Chang, P.L. (2002) Treatment of hemophilia B in mice with nonautologous somatic gene therapeutics. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 139: 35–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Regulier, E.; Schneider, B.L.; Deglon, N.; Beuzard, Y. and Aebischer, P. (1998) Continuous delivery of human and mouse erythropoietin in mice by genetically engineered polymer encapsulated myoblasts. Gene Ther. 5: 1014–1022.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Dalle, B.; Payen, E.; Regulier, E.; Deglon, N.; Rouyer-Fessard, P.; Beuzard, Y. and Aebischer, P. (1999) Improvement of mouse beta-thalassemia upon erythropoietin delivery by encapsulated myoblasts. Gene Ther. 6: 157–161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Rowley, J.A. and Mooney, D.J. (2002) Alginate type and RGD density control myoblast phenotype. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 60: 217–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Cheng, H.; Almstrom, S. and Olson, L. (1995) Fibrin glue used as an adhesive agent in CNS tissues. J. Neural Transplant. Plast. 5: 233–243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lawton, M.T.; Ho, J.C.; Bichard, W.D.; Coons, S.W.; Zabramski, J.M. and Spetzler, R.F. (1996) Titanium aneurysm clips: Part I-Mechanical, radiological, and biocompatibility testing. Neurosurgery 38: 1158–1163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Campioni, E.G.; Nobrega, J.N. and Sefton, M.V. (1998) HEMA/MMMA microcapsule implants in hemiparkinsonian rat brain: biocompatibility assessment using [3H]PK11195 as a marker for gliosis. Biomaterials 19: 829–837.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mofid, M.M.; Thompson, R.C.; Pardo, C.A.; Manson, P.N. and Vander Kolk, C. (1997) A. Biocompatibility of fixation materials in the brain. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 14–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Graeber, M.B.; Blakemore, W.F. and Kreutzberg, G.W. (2002) Cellular pathology of the central nervous system. In: Graham, D.I. and Lantos, P.I. (Eds.) Greenfields neuropathology. Arnold, London; pp 123–191.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Tilgner, J.; Volk, B. and Kaltschmidt, C. (2001) Continuous interleukin-6 application in vivo via macroencapsulation of interleukin-6-expressing COS-7 cells induces massive gliosis. Glia 35: 234–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Mason, D.W.; Charlton, H.M.; Jones, A.J.; Lavy, C.B., Puklavec, M. and Simmonds, S. J. (1986) The fate of allogeneic and xenogeneic neuronal tissue transplanted into the third ventricle of rodents. Neuroscience 19: 685–694.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Hagell, P.; Piccini, P.; Bjorklund, A.; Brundin, P.; Rehncrona, S.; Widner, H.; Crabb, L.; Pavese, N.; Oertel, W.H.; Quinn, N.; Brooks, D.J. and Lindvall, O. (2002) Dyskinesias following neural transplantation in Parkinson’s disease. Nat. Neurosci. 5: 627–628.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Piccini, P.; Lindvall, O.; Bjorklund, A.; Brundin, P.; Hagell, P.; Ceravolo, R.; Oertel, W.; Quinn, N.; Samuel, M.; Rehncrona, S.; Widner, H. and Brooks, D.J. (2000) Delayed recovery of movement-related cortical function in Parkinson’s disease after striatal dopaminergic grafts. Ann. Neurol. 48: 689–695.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rihova, B. (2000) Immunocompatibility and biocompatibility of cell delivery systems. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 42: 65–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Skaugrud, O.; Hagen, A.; Borgersen, B. and Dornish, M. (1999) Biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of alginate and chitosan. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 16: 23–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Dornish, M.; Kaplan, D. and Skaugrud, O. (2001) Standards and guidelines for biopolymers in tissueengineered medical products: ASTM alginate and chitosan standard guides. American Society for Testing and Materials. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 944: 388–397.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Otterlei, M.; Ostgaard, K.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Smidsrod, O.; Soon-Shiong, P. and Espevik, T. (1991) Induction of cytokine production from human monocytes stimulated with alginate. J. Immunother. 10: 286–291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Otterlei, M.; Sundan, A.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Ryan, L.; Smidsrod, O. and Espevik, T. (1993) Similar mechanisms of action of defined polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides: characterization of binding and tumour necrosis factor alpha induction. Infect. Immun. 61: 1917–1925.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Espevik, T.; Otterlei, M.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Ryan, L.; Wright, S.D. and Sundan, A. (1993) The involvement of CD14 in stimulation of cytokine production by uronic acid polymers. Eur. J. Immunol. 23: 255–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Flo, T.H.; Ryan, L.; Latz, E.; Takeuchi, O.; Monks, B.G.; Lien, E.; Halaas, O.; Akira, S.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Golenbock, D.T. and Espevik, T. (2002) Involvement of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in cell activation by mannuronic acid polymers. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 35489–35495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Berntzen, G.; Flo, T.H.; Medvedev, A.; Kilaas, L.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Sundan, A. and Espevik, T. (1998) The tumour necrosis factor-inducing potency of lipopolysaccharide and uronic acid polymers is increased when they are covalently linked to particles. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5: 355–361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kulseng, B.; Skjak-Braek, G.; Ryan, L.; Andersson, A.; King, A.; Faxvaag, A. and Espevik, T. (1999) Transplantation of alginate microcapsules: generation of antibodies against alginates and encapsulated porcine islet-like cell clusters. Transplantation 67: 978–984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. De Vos, P.; De Haan, B. and van Schilfgaarde, R. (1997) Effect of the alginate composition on the biocompatibility of alginate-polylysine microcapsules. Biomaterials 18: 273–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Duvivier-Kali, V.F.; Omer, A.; Parent, R.J.; O’Neil, J.J. and Weir, G.C. (2001) Complete protection of islets against allorejection and autoimmunity by a simple barium-alginate membrane. Diabetes 50: 1698–1705.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lanza, R.P.; Kuhtreiber, W.M.; Ecker, D.; Staruk, J.E. and Chick, W.L. (1995) Xenotransplantation of porcine and bovine islets without immunosuppression using uncoated alginate microspheres. Transplantation 59: 1377–1384.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Lanza, R.P.; Kuhtreiber, W.M.; Ecker, D.M.; Marsh, J.P.; Staruk, J.E. and Chick, W.L. (1996) A simple method for xenotransplanting cells and tissues into rats using uncoated alginate microreactors. Transplant. Proc. 28: 835.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Lanza, R.P.; Ecker, D.M.; Kuhtreiber, W.M.; Marsh, J.P.; Ringeling, J. and Chick, W.L. (1999) Transplantation of islets using microencapsulation: studies in diabetic rodents and dogs. J. Mol. Med. 77: 206–210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Mikos, A.G.; McIntire, L.V.; Anderson, J.M. and Babensee, J.E. (1998) Host response to tissue engineered devices. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 33: 111–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Lanza, R.P.; Chung, H.Y.; Yoo, J.J.; Wettstein, P.J.; Blackwell, C.; Borson, N.; Hofmeister, E.; Schuch, G.; Soker, S.; Moraes, C.T.; West, M.D. and Atala, A. (2002) Generation of histocompatible tissues using nuclear transplantation. Nat. Biotechnol. 20: 689–696.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Schneider, B.L.; Peduto, G. and Aebischer, P. (2001) A self-immunomodulating myoblast cell line for erythropoietin delivery. Gene. Ther. 8: 58–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Horbett, T.A. and Schway, M.B. (1988) Correlations between mouse 3T3 cell spreading and serum fibronectin adsorption on glass and hydroxyethylmethacrylate-ethylmethacrylate copolymers. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 22: 763–793.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Lanza, R.P.; Butler, D.H.; Borland, K.M.; Staruk, J.E.; Faustman, D.L.; Solomon, B.A.; Muller, T.E.; Rupp, R.G.; Maki, T. and Monaco, A.P. (1991) Xenotransplantation of canine, bovine, and porcine islets in diabetic rats without immunosuppression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88: 11100–11104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rokstad, A.M., Bjerkvig, R., Espevik, T., Lund-Johansen, M. (2005). Cell Encapsulation Therapy for Malignant Gliomas. In: Nedović, V., Willaert, R. (eds) Applications of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology. Focus on Biotechnology, vol 8B. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3363-X_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics