Skip to main content

Teacher Informal Learning and Teacher Knowledge: Theory, Practice and Policy

  • Chapter
International Handbook of Educational Policy

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE,volume 13))

Abstract

This chapter draws heavily on an empirical study which examined the ways in which elementary and secondary school teachers across Canada see and engage themselves, and each other, as informal learners. While “informal learning” has been explored for some time now in a number of social contexts, unfortunately there has been very little research under-taken in relation to teachers themselves, and therefore little literature in this area to draw on for comparative analysis. Other relevant studies are examined, particularly in relation to informal learning more generally and to comparisons between formal and informal learning undertaken by teachers and those in other occupational groups. While there are strong similarities between teachers working in Canadian public schools and their counterparts in classrooms in other “western” nations — at least in regard to formal and informal learning — hopefully the rather detailed descriptions provided in this study will allow readers to judge for themselves on this matter

The author wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Rosemary Clark, Doug Hart, David Livingstone and Zahra Noormohammed to the two studies that are the basis of this chapter

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 429.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alberta Teachers’ Association (2000). Teacher Workload Study. Edmonton: Alberta Teachers Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, L., & Lury, C. (1999). The Labour of identity: Performing identities, performing economies. Economy and Society, 28(4), 598–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Althouse, J. G. (1967). The Ontario teacher: A historical account of progress, 1800–1910. Toronto: Ontario Teachers’ Federation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, B. (2000). The impact of mandated change on teachers. In N. Bascia & A. Hargreaves (Eds.), The sharp edge of educational change: Teaching, leading and the realities of reform (pp. 112–128) London: The Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. (1993). Education, markets, choice and social class: The market as a class strategy in the UK and the US. British Journal of Sociology, 14(1), 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bascia, N. (1994). Evaluation Report: “Creating a Culture of Change” Initiative. Report prepared for Ontario Ministry of Education and Training and the Ontario Teachers’ Federation, June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boje, D. M. (1994). Organizational storytelling: The struggles of pre-modern, modern and postmodern organizational learning discourses. Management Learning, 25(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackmore, J., & Kenway, J. (1995). Changing schools, teachers and curriculum: But what about the girls? In D. Corson (Ed.), Discourse and Power in Educational Organizations (pp. 233–256). Toronto: OISE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briscoe, C. (1994). Cognitive frameworks and teacher practices: A case study of teacher learning and change. The Journal of Educational Thought, 28(3), 289–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, B. (1988). Building the Educational State: Canada West, 1836–1871. London: Althouse Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L. (1998). Teachers and teaching: Testing policy hypotheses from a National Commission report. Educational Researcher, 27(1), 5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L., & Ball, D. (1998). Teaching for high standards: What policymakers need to know and be able to do. Pittsburgh, PA: Center for Policy Research in Education (CPRE) Policy Brief JRE-04.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derber, C., Schwartz, W., & Magrass, Y. (1990). Power in the highest degree: Professionals and the rise of a new mandarin order. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drago, R., Caplan, R., Costanza, D., & Brubaker, T. (1999). New estimates of working time for elementary school teachers. Monthly Labor Review, 122(4), April, 31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donmoyer, R. (1995). The Very Idea of a Knowledge Base. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duman, D. (1979). The creation and diffusion of a professional ideology in Nineteenth Century England. Sociological Review, 27(1), 113–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Economic Council of Canada (1992). A lot to learn: Education and training in Canada. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, W. G. (1972). Ontario’s Educative Society, Volume 7, Educational Contributions of Associations. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, P. (1984). The lost elementary schools of Victorian England. London: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrick, J. (1996). Informal learning: Some underlying philosophies. Canadian Journal for Study of Adult Education, 10(1), 21–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, S., & Olberg, D. (1998). Learning to use the internet: A study of teacher learning through collaborative research partnerships. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 44(2), 239–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gitlin, A., & Margonis, F. (1995). The political aspect of reform: Teacher resistance as good sense. American Journal of Education, 103(4), 377–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorelick, S. (1982). Class relations and the development of the teaching profession. In D. Johnson (Ed.), Class and social development: A new theory of the middle class. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A (1984). Time budget research. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A., & Spinney, J. (2000). Life on and off the job: A time-use study of Nova Scotia teachers. Halifax: St. Mary’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes Group (1990). Tomorrow’s schools: Principles for the design of professional development schools. East Lansing, Michigan: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, M. (2001). The irony of early school reform: Educational innovation in mid-nineteenth century Massachusetts. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, P. (1996). Preservice teachers’ beliefs about learning and knowledge. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 42(4), 361–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, M. S. (1970). The modern practice of adult education: Andragogy versus Pedagogy. New York: Association Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Labaree, D. (1992). Power, knowledge, and the rationalization of teaching: A genealogy of the movement to professionalize teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 62(2), 123–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, M. S. (1980). Proletarianization and educated labour. Theory and Society, 9(1), 131–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawn, M. (1996). Modern times? Work, professionalism and citizenship in teaching. London: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, D. W. (1999). Exploring the icebergs of adult learning: Findings of the first Canadian survey of informal learning practices. The Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 13(2), 49–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, D. W. (2000). Reproducing Educational Inequalities in a Learning Society: Conceptual Gaps and Recent Canadian Research on Barriers to Adult Education. Revised version of paper originally presented at the International Symposium, “And the Walls Come Tumbling Down — Non-traditional Learners in Higher Education,” University of British Columbia, Vancouver, August 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, D. W., Hart, D., & Davie, L. E. (2001). Public Attitudes Towards Education in Ontario 2000. Toronto: OISE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lortie, D. (1975). Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelson, W. (1998). Time pressure and human agency in home-based employment. Society and Leisure, 21(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelson, W., & Harvey, A. (1999). Is teachers’ work never done?: Time-use and subjective outcomes. Paper presented at the American Sociological Association, Chicago, August 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Centre for Education Statistics (1997). Time spent teaching core academic subjects in elementary schools. Washington: U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Union of Teachers (2001). Teacher workload study: Extracts from the PriceWaterhouse-Coopers Interim Report Retreived March 6th, 2004 from http://www.teachers.org.uk/resources/pdf/exec_summary.pdf

  • Nova Scotia Scotia Teachers Union. Retrieved February 16th, 2004 from http://www.nstu.ca.

  • OECD (1992). Schools and business: A new partnership. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1998). Teachers for tomorrow’s schools. Paris: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ontario College of Teachers (1999). Professional learning survey results: Executive summary. Toronto: Ontario College of Teachers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ontario Government (1995). Province to Proceed with Ontario College of Teachers. Ministry of Education News Release Communique, November 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ontario Government (2000). Ontario Teacher Testing Program. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • OSSTF (Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation) (1999). A Report on Teacher Testing. Toronto: OSSTF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penland, P. (1977). Self-planned learning in America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, P., & Raaijmakers, S. (1998). Time crunch and the perception of control over time from a gendered perspective: The Dutch case. Society and Leisure, 21(2), 417–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popkewitz, T. (1994). Professionalization in teaching and teacher education: Some notes on its history, ideology, and potential. Teaching and Teacher Education, 10(1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raykov, M. (2001). Teachers hours of work and working conditions. Unpublished paper; OISE/UofT NALL Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teacher Workload Study (1995). Regina: Saskatchewan Teachers’ Federation.

    Google Scholar 

  • School Teachers’ Review Body (2000). Survey of Teacher Workloads for 2000. London: Department of Education and Employment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smaller, H., Clark, R., Hart, D., Livingstone, D., & Noormohammed, Z. (2000). Teacher learning, informal and formal: Results of a Canadian Teachers’ Federation Survey. Toronto: OISE/UT NALL Working Paper Number 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smaller, H., Clark, R., Hart, D., & Livingstone, D. (2001). Informal/formal learning and workload among Ontario Secondary School Teachers. NALL Working Paper #39-2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada (1994). Teacher workload in elementary and secondary schools. Education Quarterly Review, 1(3), 11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tough, A. M. (1978). The Adult’s Learning Projects: A fresh approach to theory and practice in adult learning; Second Edition. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyack, D. (1976). Pilgrim’s progress: Toward a social history of the superintendency. History of Education Quarterly, 32(4), 257–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1992). Towards a theory of informal and incidental learning in organisations. International Journal of Lifelong Learning, 11(4), 287–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, P. (1977). Learning to labour. Farnborough: Saxon House.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smaller, H. (2005). Teacher Informal Learning and Teacher Knowledge: Theory, Practice and Policy. In: Bascia, N., Cumming, A., Datnow, A., Leithwood, K., Livingstone, D. (eds) International Handbook of Educational Policy. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3201-3_27

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics