Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Ecophysiology of the Harmful Cyanobacterium Microcystis

Features explaining its success and measures for its control

  • Chapter
Harmful Cyanobacteria

Part of the book series: Aquatic Ecology Series ((AQEC,volume 3))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

8 References

  • Abeliovich, A. and Shilo, M. (1972) Photooxidative death in blue-green algae, Journal of Bacteriology 111, 682–689.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Annadotter, H., Cronberg, G., Aagren, R., Lundstedt, B., Nilsson, P.A. and Strobeck, S. (1999) Multiple techniques for lake restoration, Hydrobiologia 396, 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anagnostidis, K. and Komárek, J. (1988) Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes. 3 — Oscillatoriales, Archiv für Hydrobiologie (Algological Studies) 80, 327–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman, J.D., Loewen, M.R. and Hamblin, P.F. (2001) Benthic-pelagic coupling over a zebra mussel reef in western Lake Erie, Limnology and Oceanography 46, 892–904.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agustí, S. and Phlips, E.J. (1992) Light absorption by cyanobacteria: implications of the colonial growth form, Limnology and Oceanography 37, 434–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, S.M., Levinton, J.S., Kurdziel, J.P. and Shumway, S.E. (1998) Selective feeding and biodeposition by zebra mussels and their relation to changes in phytoplankton composition and seston load, Journal of Shellfish Research 17, 1207–1213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, S.J., Handley, B.A., Hayes, P.K. and Walsby, A.E. (1999) The diversity of gas vesicle genes in Planktothrix rubescens from Lake Zürich, Microbiology 145, 2757–2768.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beard, S.J., Davis, P.A., Iglesias-RodrÍguez, D., Skulberg, O.M. and Walsby, A.E. (2000) Gas vesicle genes in Planktothrix spp. from Nordic lakes: strains with weak gas vesicles possess a longer variant of gvpC, Microbiology 146, 2009–2018.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boing, W.J., Wagner, A., Voigt, H., Deppe, T. and Benndorf, J. (1998) Phytoplankton responses to grazing by Daphnia galeata in the biomanipulated Bautzen reservoir, Hydrobiologia 389, 101–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourelly, P. (1970) Les algues d’eau douce 3, N. Boubée and Cie, Paris (in French)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormans, M., Sherman, B.S. and Webster, I.T. (1999) Is buoyancy regulation in cyanobacteria an adaptation to exploit separation of light and nutrients?, Marine and Freshwater Research 50, 897–906.

    Google Scholar 

  • Botes, D.P., Tuiman, A.A., Wessels, P.L, Viljoen, C.C., Kruger, H., Williams, D.H., Santikarn, S., Smith, R.J. and Hammond, S.J. (1984) The structure of cyanoginosin-LA, a cyclic peptide from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, Journal of the Chemical Society — Perkin Transactions I, 2311–2319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunberg, A.K. and Blomqvist, P. (2003) Recruitment of Microcystis (Cyanophyceae) from lake sediments: the importance of littoral inocula, Journal of Phycology 39, 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunberg, A.K. and Böstrom, B. (1992) Coupling between benthic biomass of Microcystis and phosphorus release from the sediments of a highly eutrophic lake, Hydrobiologia 235/236, 375–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cáceres, O. and Reynolds, C.S. (1984) Some effects of artificially-enhanced anoxia on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. emend. Elenkin, with special reference to the initiation of its annual growth cycle in lakes, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 99, 379–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D., Hurry, V., Clarke, A.K., Gustafsson, P. and Oquist, G. (1998) Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of cyanobacterial photosynthesis and acclimation, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, 667–671.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y.W., Qin, B.Q., Teubner, K. and Dokulil, M.T. (2003) Long-term dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages: Microcystis- domination in Lake Taihu, a large shallow lake in China, Journal of Plankton Research 25, 445–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, K.B. and Walsby, A.E. (1988) Improvements in the treatment of water to remove gas vacuolate cyanobacteria, U.K. Patent Application 2196330A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clemens, J., Oberer, L., Quiquerez, C., Konig, W.A. and Weckesser, J. (1995) Cyanopeptolin-S, a sulfate-containing depsipeptide from a water bloom of Microcystis sp., FEMS Microbiology Letters 129, 129–133.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, G.D., Welch, E.B., Peterson, S.A. and Newroth, P.R. (1993) Artificial circulation, in G.D. Cooke, E.B. Welch, S.A. Peterson and P.R. Newroth (eds.), Restoration and Management of Lakes and Reservoirs, Lewis Publishers, pp. 419–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronberg, G., Gelin, C. and Larsson, K. (1975) Lake Trummen restoration project. II. Bacteria, phytoplankton and phytoplankton productivity, Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 19, 1088–1096.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P.A., Dent, M., Parker, J., Reynolds, C.S. and Walsby, A.E. (2003) The annual cycle of growth rate and biomass change in Planktothrix spp. in Blelham Tarn, English Lake District, Freshwater Biology 48, 852–867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, C. and Walsby, A.E. (1990) Gas vesicle formation in the dark, and in light of different irradiances, by the cyanobacterium Microcystis sp., British Phycological Journal 25, 133–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demmig-Adams, B. and Adams, W.W. (1996) The role of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis, Trends in Plant Science 1, 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demmig-Adams, B., Maguas, C., Adams, W.W., Meyer, A., Kilian, E. and Lange O.L. (1990) Effect of high light on the efficiency of photochemical energy-conversion in a variety of lichen species with green and blue-green phycobionts, Planta 180, 400–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMott, W.R. (1999) Foraging strategies and growth inhibition in five daphnids feeding on mixtures of a toxic cyanobacterium and a green alga, Freshwater Biology 42, 263–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deppe, T., Ockenfeld, K., Meybohm, A., Opitz, M. and Benndorf, J. (1999) Reduction of Microcystis blooms in a hypertrophic reservoir by a combined ecotechnological strategy, Hydrobiologia 409, 31–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinsdale, M.T. and Walsby, A.E. (1972) The interrelations of cell turgor pressure, gas-vacuolation, and buoyancy in a blue-green alga, Journal of Experimental Botany 23, 561–570.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elser, J.J. (1999) The pathway to noxious cyanobacteria blooms in lakes: the food web as the final turn, Freshwater Biology 42, 537–543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eloff, J.N., Steinitz, Y. and Shilo, M. (1976) Photooxydation of cyanobacteria in natural conditions, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31, 119–126.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epp, G.T. (1996) Grazing on filamentous cyanobacteria by Daphnia pulicaria, Limnology and Oceanography 41, 560–567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erhard, M., von Döhren, H. and Jungblut, P.R. (1999) Rapid identification of the new anabaenopeptin G from Planktothrix agardhii HUB 011 using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 13, 337–343.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fallon, R.D. and Brock, T.D. (1981) Overwintering of Microcystis in Lake Mendota, Freshwater Biology 11, 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski, P.G. and LaRoche, J. (1991) Acclimation to spectral irradiance in algae, Journal of Phycology 27, 8–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fastner, J., Erhard, M. and von Döhren, H. (2001) Determination of oligopeptide diversity within a natural population of Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) by typing single colonies by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 5069–5076.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrão, A.D., Kozlowsky-Suzuki, B. and Azevedo, S.M.F.O. (2002) Accumulation of microcystins by a tropical zooplankton community, Aquatic Toxicology 59, 201–208.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fogg, G.E. and Walsby, A.E. (1971) Buoyancy regulation and the growth of planktonic blue-green algae, Mitteilungen der Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretisch und Angewandte Limnologie 19, 182–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg, B.R. and Shapiro, J. (1980) Predicting the algal response to destratification, in Restoration of Lakes and Inland Waters, EPA 440/5-81-010, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., pp. 134–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulton, R.S. and Paerl, H.W. (1987) Toxic and inhibitory effects of the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa on herbivorous zooplankton, Journal of Plankton Research 9, 837–855.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganf, G.G. (1974) Diurnal mixing and the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in a shallow equatorial lake (Lake George, Uganda), Journal of Ecology 62, 611–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganf, G.G., Oliver, R.L. and Walsby, A.E. (1989) Optical properties of gas-vacuolate cells of Microcystis in relation to light attenuation in a turbid, stratified reservoir (Mount Bold Reservoir, South Australia), Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 40, 595–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghadouani, A., Pinel-Alloul, B. and Prepas, E.E. (2003) Effects of experimentally induced cyanobacterial blooms on crustacean zooplankton communities, Freshwater Biology 48, 363–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geitler, L. (1932) Cyanophyceae, in Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora Vol. 14, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, D.G. and Edwards, R.W. (1976) The effect of wind on the distribution of chlorophyll a and crustacean plankton in a shallow eutrophic reservoir, Journal of Applied Ecology 13, 607–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulati, R.D., Bronkhorst, M. and Van Donk, E. (2001) Feeding in Daphnia galeata on Oscillatoria limnetica and on detritus derived from it, Journal of Plankton Research 23, 705–718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hairston, N.G., Lampert, W., Cáceres, C.E., Holtmeier, C.L., Weider, L.J., Gaedke U., Fischer, J.M., Fox, J.A. and Post, D.M. (1999) Lake ecosystems: rapid evolution revealed by dormant eggs, Nature 401, 446–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., Van der Linden, P.J. and Xiaosu, D (eds). (2001) Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 944 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, A. (2001) Modeling movement patterns of the cyanobacterium Microcystis, Ecological Applications 11, 304–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, A. and Easthope, M.P. (2002) Application of a model to predict cyanobacterial growth patterns in response to climatic change at Farmoor Reservoir, Oxfordshire, UK, Science of the Total Environment 282, 459–469.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huisman, J., Jonker, R.R., Zonneveld, C. and Weissing, F.J. (1999) Competition for light between phytoplankton species: experimental tests of mechanistic theory, Ecology 80, 211–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huisman, J., Sharples, J., Stroom, J.M., Visser, P.M., Kardinaal, W.E.A., Verspagen, J.M.H. and Sommeijer, B. (2004) Changes in turbulent mixing shift competition for light between phytoplankton species, Ecology 85, 2960–2970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, S.E. and Lyne, V.D. (1988) Cyanophyte blooms: the role of buoyancy, Limnology and Oceanography 33, 79–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibelings, B.W. (1996) Changes in photosynthesis in response to combined photon irradiance and temperature stress in cyanobacterial surface waterblooms, Journal of Phycology 32, 549–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibelings, B.W. and Maberly, S.C. (1998) Photoinhibition and the availability of inorganic carbon restrict photosynthesis by surface blooms of cyanobacteria, Limnology and Oceanography 43, 408–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibelings, B.W., Mur, L.R. and Walsby, A.E. (1991a) Diurnal changes in buoyancy and vertical distribution in populations of Microcystis in two shallow lakes, Journal of Plankton Research 13, 419–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibelings, B.W., Mur, L.R., Kinsman, R. and Walsby, A.E. (1991b) Microcystis changes its buoyancy in response to the average irradiance in the surface mixed layer, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 120, 385–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibelings, B.W., Kroon, B.M.A. and Mur, L.R. (1994) Acclimation of photosystem II in a cyanobacterium and a eukaryotic green alga to high and fluctuating photosynthetic photon flux densities, simulating light regimes induced by mixing in lakes, New Phytologist 128, 407–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibelings, B.W., Vonk, M., Los, H.F.J., van der Molen, D.T. and Mooij, W.M. (2003) Fuzzy modeling of cyanobacterial surface waterblooms: validation with NOAA-AVHRR satellite images, Ecological Applications 13, 1456–1472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibelings, B.W., Bruning, K., de Jonge, J., Wolfstein, K., Pires, L.M.D., Postma, J. and Burger, T. (2004) Distribution of microcystins in the foodweb of a large shallow lake: no evidence for bioaccumulation or biomagnification, Microbial Ecology, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacoby, J.M., Collier, D.C., Welch, E.B., Hardy, F.J. and Crayton, M. (2000) Environmental factors associated with a toxic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, 231–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jungmann, D. and Benndorf, J. (1994) Toxicity to Daphnia of a compound extracted from laboratory and natural Microcystis spp., and the role of microcystins, Freshwater Biology 32, 13–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. and Reinhold, L. (1999) CO2 concentrating mechanisms in photosynthetic microorganisms, Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50, 539–570.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemka, N., Njine, T., Togouet, S.H.Z., Niyitegeka, D., Monkiedje, A. and Menbohan, S.F. (2003) Quantitative importance of cyanobacteria populations in a hypertrophic shallow lake in the subequatorial African region (Yaounde Municipal Lake, Cameroon), Archiv für Hydrobiologie 156, 495–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilham, S.S., Theriot, E.C. and Fritz, S.C. (1996) Linking planktonic diatoms and climate change in the large lakes of the Yellowstone ecosystem using resource theory, Limnology and Oceanography 41, 1052–1062.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinsman, R., Ibelings, B.W. and Walsby, A.E. (1991) Gas vesicle collapse by turgor pressure and its role in buoyancy regulation by Anabaena flos-aquae, Journal of General Microbiology 137, 1171–1178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemer, A.R. (1978) Nitrogen limitation of growth and gas vacuolation in Oscillatoria rubescens, Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 20, 2293–2297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemer, A.R., Feuillade, J. and Feuillade, M. (1982) Cyanobacterial blooms: carbon and nitrogen limitation have opposite effects on the buoyancy of Oscillatoria, Science 215, 1629–1631.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoppert, P.L., Rook, J.J., Hofker, T. and Oskam, G. (1970) Destratification experiments in Rotterdam, Journal of American Water Works Association 62, 448–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komárek, J. and Anagnostidis, K. (1986) Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes. 2 — Chroococcales, Archiv für Hydrobiologie (Algological Studies) 43, 157–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komárek, J. and Hindák, F. (1988) Taxonomic review of natural populations of the cyanophytes from Gomphosphaeria-complex, Archiv für Hydrobiologie (Algological Studies) 80, 203–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komárek, J. and Anagnostides, K. (1999) Cyanoprokaryota 1. Teil Chroococcales, Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Jena, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konopka, A., Kromkamp, J. and Mur, L.R. (1987a) Buoyancy regulation in phosphate-limited cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, FEMS Microbiology Ecology 45, 135–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konopka, A., Kromkamp, J. and Mur, L.R. (1987b) Regulation of gas vesicle content and buoyancy in light-or phosphate-limited cultures of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Cyanophyta), Journal of Phycology 23, 70–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korner, S. (2001) Development of submerged macrophytes in shallow Lake Muggelsee (Berlin, Germany) before and after its switch to the phytoplankton-dominated state, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 152, 395–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kromkamp, J. and Walsby, A.E. (1990) A computer model of buoyancy and vertical migration in cyanobacteria, Journal of Plankton Research 12, 161–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kromkamp, J., Van den Heuvel, A. and Mur, L.R. (1989) Formation of gas vesicles in phosphorus-limited cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, Journal of General Microbiology 135, 1933–1939.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurmayer, R., Christiansen, G. and Chorus, I. (2003) The abundance of microcystin-producing genotypes correlates positively with colony size in Microcystis sp. and determines its microcystin net production in Lake Wannsee, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, 787–795.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lackey, R.T. (1973) Artificial reservoir destratification effects on phytoplankton, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 45, 668–673.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lampert, W. (1987) Laboratory studies on zooplankton-cyanobacteria interactions, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 21, 483–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindenschmidt, K.E. (1999) Controlling the growth of Microcystis using surged artificial aeration, International Review for Hydrobiology 84, 243–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzen, M.W. and Fast, R. (1977) A guide to aeration/circulation techniques for lake management, Research Series EPA-600/3-77-004, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, H.L., Kana, T.M., Anning, T. and Geider, R.J. (2002) Photoacclimation of photosynthesis irradiance response curves and photosynthetic pigments in microalgae and cyanobacteria, Journal of Phycology 38, 17–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijer, M.L., de Boois, I., Scheffer, M., Portielje, R. and Hosper, H. (1999) Biomanipulation in shallow lakes in The Netherlands: an evaluation of 18 case studies, Hydrobiologia 409, 13–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menday, D.C. and Buck A.A. (1972) A shock-wave technique to collapse vacuoles of blue-green algae, Water Research 6, 279–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitrovic, S.M., Bowling, L.C. and Buckney, R.T. (2001) Vertical disentrainment of Anabaena circinalis in the turbid, freshwater Darling River, Australia: quantifying potential benefits from buoyancy, Journal of Plankton Research 23, 47–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, T.P., Irvine, K., Guo, J., Davies, J., Murkin, H., Charlton, M. and Watson, S.B. (2003) New microcystin concerns in the lower Great Lakes, Water Quality Research Journal of Canada 38, 127–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano, S., Hayakawa, K., Frenette, J.J., Nakajima, T., Jiao, C.M., Tsujimura, S. and Kumagai, M. (2001) Cyanobacterial blooms in a shallow lake: a large-scale enclosure assay to test the importance of diurnal stratification, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 150, 491–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namikoshi, M. and Rinehart, K.L. (1996) Bioactive compounds produced by cyanobacteria, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 17, 373–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neilan, B.A., Jacobs, D., DelDot, T., Blackall, L.L., Hawkins, P.R., Cox, P.T. and Goodman, A.E. (1997) rRNA sequences and evolutionary relationships among toxic and nontoxic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 47, 693–697.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niyogi, K.K. (2000) Safety valves for photosynthesis, Current Opinions in Plant Biology 3, 455–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R.L. (1994) Floating and sinking in gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria, Journal of Phycology 30, 161–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R.L. and Ganf, G.G. (2000) Freshwater blooms, in B.A. Whitton and M. Potts (eds.), The Ecology of Cyanobacteria, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 149–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R.L. and Walsby, A.E. (1984) Direct evidence for the role of light-mediated gas vesicle collapse in the buoyancy regulation of Anabaena flos-aquae (cyanobacteria), Limnology and Oceanography 29, 879–886.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R.L., Thomas, R.H., Reynolds, C.S. and Walsby, A.E. (1985) The sedimentation of buoyant Microcystis colonies caused by precipitation with an iron-containing colloid, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 223, 511–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oquist, G., Chow, W.S. and Anderson, J.M. (1992) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis represents a mechanism for the long-term protection of photosystem II, Planta 186, 450–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, R.A. and Stiegler, J.E. (1990) The effects of artificial circulation on a hypereutrophic lake, Water Research Bulletin 26, 209–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otsuka, S., Suda, S., Li, R.H., Matsumoto, S. and Watanabe, M.M. (2000) Morphological variability of colonies of Microcystis morphospecies in culture, Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 46, 39–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paerl, H.W. and Ustach J.F. (1982) Blue-green algal scums: an explanation for their occurrence during freshwater blooms, Limnology and Oceanography 27, 212–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paerl, H.W., Tucker, J. and Bland, P.T. (1983) Carotenoid enhancement and its role in maintaining blue-algal (Microcystis aeruginosa) surface blooms, Limnology and Oceanography 28, 847–857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paerl, H.W., Fulton, R.S., Mosiander, P. and Dyble, J. (2001) Harmful freshwater algal blooms, with an emphasis on cyanobacteria, The Scientific World 1, 76–113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pastorok, R.A., Ginn, T.C. and Lorenzen, M.W. (1980) Review of aeration/circulation for lake management, in Restoration of Lakes and Inland Waters, EPA 440/5-81-010, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., pp. 124–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, M.J., Findlay, D.L., Salki, A.G., Hendzel, L.L. and Hesslein, R.H. (2002) The effects of Daphnia on nutrient stoichiometry and filamentous cyanobacteria: a mesocosm experiment in a eutrophic lake, Freshwater Biology 47, 1217–1233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrow, M.R., Meijer, M.L., Dawidowicz, P. and Coops, H. (1997) Biomanipulation in the shallow lakes: state of the art, Hydrobiologia 342, 355–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pires, L.M.D. and Van Donk, E. (2002) Comparing grazing by Dreissena polymorpha on phytoplankton in the presence of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria, Freshwater Biology 47, 1855–1865.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pires, L.M.D., Kusserow, R. and Van Donk, E. (2003) Influence of toxic and non-toxic phytoplankton on feeding and survival of Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) larvae, Hydrobiologia 491, 193–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porat, R., Teltsch, B., Mosse, R., Dubinsky, Z. and Walsby, A.E. (1999) Turbidity changes caused by collapse of cyanobacterial gas vesicles in water pumped from Lake Kinneret into the Israeli National Water Carrier, Water Research 33, 1634–1644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porat, R., Teltsch, B., Dubinsky, Z. and Walsby, A.E. (2000) Effects of light and pressure on gas vesicle formation and buoyancy in Aphanizomenon ovalisporum Forti (Cyanobacteria) from Lake Kinneret, Israel, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Special Issues, Advances in Limnology 55, 333–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porat, R., Teltsch, B., Perelman, A. and Dubinsky, Z. (2001) Diel buoyancy changes by the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum from a shallow reservoir, Journal of Plankton Research 23, 753–763.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powles, S.B. (1984) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible light, Annual Review of Plant Physiology 35, 15–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, T., Stewart, W.D.P. and Reynolds, C.S. (1980) Bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa overwinters on the sediment, Nature 288, 365–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabouille, S., Thébault, J.M. and Salençon, M.J. (2003) Simulation of carbon reserve dynamics in Microcystis and its influence on vertical migration with Yoyo model, Comptes Rendus Biologies 326, 349–361.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. (1976) Succession and vertical distribution of phytoplankton in response to thermal stratification in a lowland mere, with special reference to nutrient availability, Journal of Ecology 64, 529–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. (1984) The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. (1987) Cyanobacterial water-blooms, Advances in Botanical Research 13, 67–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. (1991) Toxic blue-green algae: the “problem” in a perspective, Freshwater Forum 1, 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. (1997) Vegetation Processes in the Pelagic: a Model for Ecosystem Theory, Ecology Institute, Oldendorf, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. and Walsby, A.E. (1975) Water-blooms, Biological Reviews 50, 437–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. and Rogers, D.A. (1976) Seasonal variations in the vertical distribution and buoyancy of Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. emend. Elenkin in Rostherne Mere, England, Hydrobiologia 48, 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S., Jaworski, G.H.M., Cmeich, H.A. and Leedale, G.F. (1981) On the annual cycle of the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. emend. Elenkin, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 293, 419–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S., Wiseman, S.W., Godfrey, B.M. and Butterwick, C. (1983) Some effects of artificial mixing on the dynamics of phytoplankton populations in large limnetic enclosures, Journal of Plankton Research 5, 203–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C.S. and Bellinger, E.G. (1992) Patterns of abundance and dominance of the phytoplankton of Rostherne Mere, England: evidence from an 18-year data set, Aquatic Sciences 54, 10–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rippka, R., Deruelles, J.B., Waterbury, J.B., Herdman, M. and Stanier, R.Y. (1979) Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria, Journal of General Microbiology 111, 1–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robarts, R.D. and Zohary, T. (1984) Microcystis aeruginosa and underwater light attenuation in a hypertrophic lake (Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa), Journal of Ecology 72, 1001–1017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohrlack, T., Henning, M. and Kohl, J.G. (1999a) Does the toxic effect of Microcystis aeruginosa on Daphnia galeata depend on microcystin ingestion rate? Archiv für Hydrobiologie 146, 385–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohrlack, T., Henning, M. and Kohl, J.G. (1999b) Mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa on Daphnia galeata’s ingestion rate, Journal of Plankton Research 21, 1489–1500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohrlack, T., Dittmann, E., Henning, M., Börner, T. and Kohl, J.G. (1999c) Role of microcystins in poisoning and food ingestion inhibition of Daphnia galeata caused by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, 737–739.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrlack, T., Dittmann, E., Börner, T. and Christoffersen, K. (2001) Effects of cell-bound microcystins on survival and feeding of Daphnia spp., Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 3523–3529.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrlack, T., Christoffersen, K., Hansen, P.E., Zhang, W., Czarnecki, O., Henning, M., Fastner, J., Erhard, M., Neilan, B.A. and Kaebernick, M. (2003) Isolation, characterization, and quantitative analysis of microviridin J, a new Microcystis metabolite toxic to Daphnia, Journal of Chemical Ecology 29, 1757–1770.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sas, H., Ed. (1989) Lake Restoration by Reduction of Nutrient Loading: Expectations, Experience, Extrapolations, Academia Verlag Richarz, St. Augustin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer, M., Rinaldi, S., Gragnani, A., Mur, L.R. and van Nes, E.H. (1997) On the dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria in shallow, turbid lakes, Ecology 78, 272–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, J. (1997) The role of carbon dioxide in the initiation and maintenance of blue-green dominance in lakes, Freshwater Biology 37, 307–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, V.H. (1983) Low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favor dominance by blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton, Science 221, 669–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symons, J.M., Irwin, W.H., Robinson, E.L. and Robeck, G.G. (1967) Impoundment destratification for raw water quality control using either mechanical or diffused-air-pumping, Journal of the American Water Works Association 59, 1268–1291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symons, J.M., Carswell, J.K. and Robeck, G.G. (1970) Mixing of water supply reservoirs for quality control, Journal of the American Water Works Association 62, 322–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takamura, N., Yasuno, M. and Sugahara, K. (1984) Overwintering of Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. in a shallow lake, Journal of Plankton Research 6, 1019–1029.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talling, J.F. (1976) The depletion of carbon dioxide from lake water by phytoplankton, Journal of Ecology 64, 79–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ten Winkel, E.H. and Davids, C. (1982) Food selection by Dreissena polymorpha Pallas (Mollusca: Bivalva), Freshwater Biology 12, 553–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, R.H. and Walsby, A.E. (1985) Buoyancy regulation in a strain of Microcystis, Journal of General Microbiology 131, 799–809.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, R.H. and Walsby, A.E. (1986) The effect of temperature on recovery of buoyancy by Microcystis, Journal of General Microbiology 132, 1665–1672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thostrup, L. and Christoffersen, K. (1999) Accumulation of microcystin in Daphnia magna feeding on toxic Microcystis, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 145, 447–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toetz, D.W. (1981) Effects of whole lake mixing on water quality and phytoplankton, Water Research 15, 1205–1210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimbee, A.M. and Harris, G.P. (1984) Phytoplankton population dynamics of a small reservoir: effect of intermittent mixing on phytoplankton succession and the growth of blue-green algae, Journal of Plankton Research 6, 699–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimbee, A.M. and Prepas, E.E. (1988) The effect of oxygen depletion on the timing and magnitude of blue-green algal blooms, Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 23, 220–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimura, S., Tsukada, H., Nakahara, H., Nakajima, T. and Nishino, M. (2000) Seasonal variations of Microcystis populations in sediments of Lake Biwa, Japan, Hydrobiologia 434, 183–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Utkilen, H.C., Oliver, R.L. and Walsby, A.E. (1985) Buoyancy regulation in a red Oscillatoria unable to collapse gas vacuoles by turgor pressure, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 102, 3l9–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanderploeg, H.A., Liebig, J.R., Carmichael, W.W., Agy, M.A., Johengen, T.H., Fahnenstiel, G.L. and Nalepa, T.F. (2001) Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) selective filtration promoted toxic Microcystis blooms in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and Lake Erie, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, 1208–1221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Liere, L. and Mur, L.R. (1980) Occurrence of Oscillatoria agardhii and some related species, a survey, in J. Barica and L.R. Mur (eds.), Hypertrophic Ecosystems, Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 67–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Rijn, J. and Shilo, M. (1985) Carbohydrate fluctuations, and vertical migration of scum-forming cyanobacteria in fishponds, Limnology and Oceanography 30, 1219–1228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verspagen, J.M.H., Snelder, E.O.F.M., Visser, P.M., Huisman, J., Mur, L.R. and Ibelings, B.W. (2004) Recruitment of benthic Microcystis (Cyanophyceae) to the water column: internal buoyancy changes or resuspension? Journal of Phycology 40, 260–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, P.M., Ibelings, B.W. and Mur, L.R. (1995) Autumnal sedimentation of Microcystis spp. as result of an increase in carbohydrate ballast at reduced temperature, Journal of Plankton Research 17, 919–933.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, P.M., Ibelings, B.W., Van der Veer, B., Koedood, J. and Mur, L.R. (1996a) Artificial mixing prevents nuisance blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis in Lake Nieuwe Meer, the Netherlands, Freshwater Biology 36, 435–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, P.M., Ketelaars, H.A.M., Van Breemen, L.W.C.A. and Mur, L.R. (1996b) Diurnal buoyancy changes of Microcystis in an artificially mixed storage reservoir, Hydrobiologia 331, 131–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, P.M., Massaut, L., Huisman, J. and Mur, L.R. (1996c) Sedimentation losses of Scenedesmus in relation to mixing depth, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 136, 289–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, P.M., Passarge, J. and Mur, L.R. (1997) Modelling vertical migration of the cyanobacterium Microcystis, Hydrobiologia 349, 99–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vos, R.J., Hakvoort, J.H.M., Jordans, R.W.J. and Ibelings B.W. (2003) Multiplatform optical monitoring of eutrophication in temporally and spatially variable lakes, Science of the Total Environment 312, 221–243.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, B.B. and Hamilton, D.P. (1999) The effect of variations in irradiance on buoyancy regulation in Microcystis aeruginosa, Limnology and Oceanography 44, 273–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. (1968) An alga’s buoyancy bag,New Scientist 40, 436–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. (1969) The permeability of blue-green algal gas-vacuole membranes to gas, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 173, 235–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. (1970) The nuisance algae: curiosities in the biology of planktonic blue-green algae, Water Treatment and Examination 19, 359–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. (1992) The control of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria, in D.W. Sutcliffe and J. Gwynfryn Jones (eds.), Eutrophication: Research and Application to Water Supply, Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, United Kingdom, pp. 150–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. (1994) Gas vesicles, Microbiological Reviews 58, 94–144.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. (1997) Numerical integration of phytoplankton photosynthesis through depth and time in a water column, New Phytologist 136, 189–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. and Booker, M.J. (1980) Changes in buoyancy of a planktonic blue-green alga in response to light intensity, British Phycological Journal 15, 311–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E., Utkilen, H.C. and Johnsen, I.J. (1983) Buoyancy changes of a red coloured Oscillatoria agardhii in Lake Gjersjøen, Norway, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 97, 18–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. and McAllister, G.K. (1987) Buoyancy regulation by Microcystis in Lake Okaro, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 21, 521–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E. and Bleything, A. (1988) The dimensions of cyanobacterial gas vesicles in relation to their efficiency in providing buoyancy and withstanding pressure, Journal of General Microbiology 134, 2635–2645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E., Reynolds, C.S., Oliver, R.L. and Kromkamp, J. (1989) The role of gas vacuoles and carbohydrate content in the buoyancy and vertical distribution of Anabaena minutissima in Lake Rotongaio, New Zealand, Archiv für Hydrobiologie/ Ergebnisse der Limnologie 32, 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E., Hayes, P.K., Boje, R. and Stal, L.J. (1997) The selective advantage of buoyancy provided by gas vesicles for planktonic cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea, New Phytologist 136, 407–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsby, A.E., Ng, G., Dunn, C. and Davis, P.A. (2004) Comparison of the depth where Planktothrix rubescens stratifies and the depth where the daily insolation supports its neutral buoyancy, New Phytologist 162, 133–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, M.F., Oishi, S., Harada, K.I., Matsuura, K., Kawai, H. and Suzuki, M. (1988) Toxins contained in Microcystis species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), Toxicon 26, 1017–1025.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whitelam, G.C. and Codd, G.A. (1983) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, Planta 157, 561–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie, L.Q., Xie, P. and Tang, H.J. (2003) Enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms — an enclosure experiment in a hyper-eutrophic, subtropical Chinese lake, Environmental Pollution 122, 391–399.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, T. and Robarts, R.D. (1989) Diurnal mixed layers and the long-term dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa, Journal of Plankton Research 11, 25–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, T. and Pais-Madeira, A.M. (1990) Structural, physical and chemical characteristics of Microcystis aeruginosa from a hypertrophic lake, Freshwater Biology 23, 339–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, T. and Robarts, R.D. (1990) Hyperscums and the population dynamics of Microcystis aeruginosa, Journal of Plankton Research 12, 423–432.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Petra M. Visser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bas W. Ibelings
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Luuc R. Mur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anthony E. Walsby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jef Huisman , Hans C.P. Matthijs  & Petra M. Visser ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Visser, P.M., Ibelings, B.W., Mur, L.R., Walsby, A.E. (2005). The Ecophysiology of the Harmful Cyanobacterium Microcystis. In: Huisman, J., Matthijs, H.C., Visser, P.M. (eds) Harmful Cyanobacteria. Aquatic Ecology Series, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3022-3_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation