Skip to main content

The Wonderful Crucible of Life's Creation: An Essay on Contingency versus Inevitability of Phylogenetic Development

  • Chapter
Book cover Current Themes in Theoretical Biology
  • 409 Accesses

Abstract

In this paper I discuss the question of whether life processes are contingent or inevitable, particularly when viewed on a long, phylogenetic scale. In my opinion, this contrast does not exist. Rather, the perception of a dichotomy is the result of differences in how measurements are made or in the way data processing is carried out. Observations made in one way result in the conclusion that phylogenetic development is contingent and that process outcomes are, as a consequence, entirely unforeseeable. Clear trends could have shown up with different observations. Furthermore, differences in approach or in philosophical attitude could also result in life processes appearing to be either contingent or inevitable. Such diverse and complex processes can probably best be studied by adopting an integrated approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, R. M. and R. M. May (1986). The invasion, persistence and spread of infectious diseases within animal and plant communities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B314: 533–570.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avise, J. C. (2000). Phylogeography. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, J. (1995). The evolutionary contingency thesis. In: Wolters, G. and J. G. Lennox (Eds). Concepts, Theories, and Rationality in the Biological Sciences. Universitätsverlag Konstanz, Konstanz. p. 44–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berezovsky, I. N. and E. N. Trifonov (in prep). Evolutionary aspects of protein structure and folding.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, C. and H. Bernstein (1997). Aging, Sex and DNA Repair. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, F. L. (1966). Measles endemicity in insular populations: critical community size and its evolutionary implication. Journal of Theoretical Biology 11: 207–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. H. and B. A. Maurer (1986). Body size, ecological dominance, and Cope's Rule. Nature 324: 248–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, L. W. (1987). The Evolution of Individuality. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, M. (1995). Evolutionary change and lawlikeness. Beatty on Biological Generalizations. In: Wolters, G. and J. G. Lennox (Eds). Concepts, Theories, and Rationality in the Biological Sciences. Universitätsverlag Konstanz, Konstanz. p. 83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, R. L. (1997). Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, R. L. (2000). Towards a new evolutionary synthesis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15: 27–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, S. B. (2001). Chance and necessity: the evolution of morphological complexity and diversity. Nature 409: 1102–1109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cliff, A., P. Haggett, J. K. Ord and G. R. Versey (1981). Spatial Diffusion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cliff, A., P. Haggett and M. Smallman-Raynor (1993). Measles. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connor, E.F. (1986). Time series analysis of the fossil record. In: Raup, D. M. and D. Jablonski (Eds). Patterns and Processes in the History of Life. Springer, Heidelberg. pp. 119–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway Morris, S. (1998). The Crucible of Creation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway Morris, S. (2003). Life's Solution. Inevitable humans in a lonely world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway Morris, S. and S. J. Gould (1998). Showdown on the Burgess Shale. Natural History 107: 48–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, Th. (1937). Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, Th. (1951). Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press, New York, 3rd edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, Th. (1970). Genetics and the Origin of Species. 4th edition. Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eck, R. V. and M. O. Dayhoff (1966). Evolution of the structure of ferredoxin based on living relics of primitive amino acid sequences. Science 152: 363–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldredge, N. (1989). Macroevolutionary Dynamics. McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldredge, N. (1991). The Miner's Canary. Prentice Hall, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldredge, N. and S. J. Gould (1972). Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. In: Schopf, T. J. M. (Ed.). Models in Palaeobiology. Freeman and Cooper, San Francisco. pp. 82–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, D. K. (Ed.) (1986). Dynamics of Extinction. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gingerich, P. D. (1983). Rates of evolution: effects of time and temporal scaling. Science 222: 159–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. (1967). Evolutionary patterns in pelycosauran reptiles: a factor-analytic study. Evolution 21: 385–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. (1989). Wonderful Life. Hutchinson Radius, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. (1996). Full House, The spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin. Harmony Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. (1999). Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion on the Fullness of Life. Ballantine, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. (2002). The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. and R. C. Lewontin (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 205: 581–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J., D. M. Raup, J. J. Sepkoski, T. J. M. Schopf and D. S. Simberloff (1977). The shape of evolution: a comparison of real and random clades. Paleobiology 3: 23–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant P. R. and B. R. Grant (2002). Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches. Science 296: 707–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, G. (1960). The competitive exclusion principle. Science 131: 1292–1297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (1989). Dynamics of Biological Invasions. Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (1990). Dynamic Biogeography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (1993). What to do about the North American invasion by the Collared Dove? American Field Ornithologist 64: 477–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (1994). Biogeographical ecology. Journal of Biogeography 21: 341–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (1997). Impact of biogeography on a population-biological paradigm shift. Journal of Biogeography 24: 541–547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (1999). Modelling de impact of biological invasions. In: Sandlund, O. T., P. J. Schei and A. Viken (Eds). Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management. Kluwer, Dordrecht. pp. 127–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (2002). Methodology going astray in population biology. Acta Biotheoretica 50: 77–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. (2004). Book Review: Conway Morris' Inevitable Solution. Acta Biotheoretica 52: in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. and M. A. Fedonkin (2004). Causes and consequences of eukaryotization through mutualistic endosymbiosis and compartmentalization. Acta Biotheoretica 52: 105–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. and L. Hemerik (2002). Biogeography and dispersal. In: Bullock, J., R. E. Kenward and R. S. Hails (Eds). Dispersal Ecology. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. pp. 303–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. and F. Van den Bosch (1997). Invading into an ecologically nonuniform area. In: Huntley, B., W. Cramer, A. V. Morgan, H. C. Prentice and J. R. M. Allen (Eds). Past and Future Rapid Environmental Changes. Springer, Berlin. pp. 217–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengeveld, R. and G. H. Walter (1999). The two co-existing ecological paradigms. Acta Biotheoretica 47: 141–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E. (1959). Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many species? American Naturalist 93: 145–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Infantosi, A. F. C. (1986). Interpretation of case studies in two communicable diseases using pattern analysis techniques. PhD Thesis, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, S. T. and J. T. Overpeck (2000). Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary. Paleobiology 26(Supplement): 194–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, M. (1993). Species Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolodner, R. D., C. D. Putnam and K. Myung (2002). Maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 297: 552–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lande, R. (1976). Natural selection and random drift in phenotypic evolution. Evolution 30: 314–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin, R. (2000). The Triple Helix. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot, B. B. (1977). The Fractal Geometry of Nature. Freeman, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maritan, A., C. Micheletti, A. Trovato, and R. B. Banavar (2000). Optimal shapes of compact strings. Nature 406: 287–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, R. M. (1976). Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics. Nature 261: 459–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayr, E. (1963). Animal Species and Evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • McShea, D. W. (1993). Evolutionary change in the morphological complexity in the mammalian vertebral column. Evolution 47: 730–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McShea, D. W. (1994). Mechanisms of large-scale evolutionary trends. Evolution 48: 1747–1763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miklos, G. L. G. and K. S. W. Campbell (1994). From protein domains to extinct phyla: Reverse-engineering approaches to the evolution of biological complexities. In: Bengtson, S. (Ed.). Early Life on Earth. Columbia University Press, New York. pp. 501–516.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, E. W. and D. R. Davies (2000). On the ancestry of barrels. Science 289: 1490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. M. (1976). An overview of climatic variability and its causal mechanisms. Quaternary Research 6: 481–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mollison, D. (1977). Spatial contact models for ecological and epidemic spread. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 39: 283–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monod, J. (1971). Chance and Necessity. Knopf, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, P. B. and T. A. Steitz (2002). The involvement of RNA in ribosome function. Nature 418: 229–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, H. E. H. (1985). The recognition concept of species. In: Vrba, E. (Ed.). Species and Speciation. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. pp. 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raff, R. A. (1996). The Shape of Life. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raup, D. M. (1986). The Nemesis Affair. Norton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raup, D. M. (1991). Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck? Norton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raup, D. M. and D. Jablonski (Eds) (1986). Patterns and Processes in the History of Life. Springer, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raup, D. M., S. J. Gould, T. J. M. Schopf and D. S. Simberloff (1973). Stochastic models of phylogeny and the evolution of diversity. Journal of Geology 81: 525–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, G. (1992). The Strategy of Preventive Medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, A. (1985). The Structure of Biological Science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayers, B. McA., B. G. Mansourian, T. Phan Tan and K. Bögel (1977). A pattern analysis study of a wildlife rabies epizootic. Medical Informatics 2: 11–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schröpfer, R. and C. Engstfeld (1983). Die Ausbreitung des Bisams (Ondatra zibethicus Linne,1977, Rodentia, Arvicolidae) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Zeitschrift für angewandte Zoologie 70: 13–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, G. G. (1953). The Major Features of Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, S. M. (1987). Extinction. Freeman, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trifonov, E. N. (1999). Elucidating sequence codes: three codes for evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 870: 330–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Bosch, F., R. Hengeveld and J. A. J. Metz (1992). Analysing the velocity of animal range expansion. Journal of Biogeography 19: 135–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Peursen, C. A. (1970). De Strategie van de Cultuur. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Valen, L. (1973). A new evolutionary law. Evolution Theory 1: 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeij, G. J. (1987). Evolution and Escalation. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrba, E. S. (1985). Environment and evolution: alternative causes of the temporal distribution of evolutionary events. South African Journal of Science 81: 229–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, G. H. and R. Hengeveld (2000). The structure of the two ecological paradigms. Acta Biotheoretica 48: 15–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, G. H. and H. E. H. Paterson (1995). Levels of understanding in ecology: interspecific competition and community ecology. Australian Journal of Ecology 20: 463–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, K. J. and J. C. McElwain (2002). The Evolution of Plants. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S. (1955). Classification of the factors of evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia of Quantitative Biology 20: 16–24D.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hengeveld, R. (2005). The Wonderful Crucible of Life's Creation: An Essay on Contingency versus Inevitability of Phylogenetic Development. In: Reydon, T.A., Hemerik, L. (eds) Current Themes in Theoretical Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2904-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics