5. Conclusions
Many structural and non-structural BMPs have been tested in Denmark and Sweden during the last decade; some of them on a large scale and some on an experimental scale. Experiences gained are not consistent, and the actual effects of BMPs on receiving water quality are not known or not understood. From a rational viewpoint, no further large-scale facilities should be constructed until such effects can be determined. However, there are several other driving forces that determine the development. One such a factor is the development of legal instruments and directives, both at a national level and the European Union level. Another important factor is the city planning in many cities, which currently often include “blue-green” areas with visible stormwater. A third driving force is the aim for sustainable solutions within the water and wastewater sector, which also puts demands on the management of stormwater.
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Mikkelsen, P.S. (2004). Retrofitting Urban Drainage Systems Using Best Stormwater Management Practices — Some Scandinavian Experiences. In: Marsalek, J., Sztruhar, D., Giulianelli, M., Urbonas, B. (eds) Enhancing Urban Environment by Environmental Upgrading and Restoration. Nato Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences, vol 43. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2694-3_1
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