Skip to main content

Self and Identity

  • Chapter
Handbook of Social Psychology

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research ((HSSR))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2002). PsyclNFO. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. R, Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Britt, L., & Heise, D. (2000). From shame to pride in identity politics. In S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, & R. W. White (Eds.), Self, identity, and social movements (pp. 252–268). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J. (1980). The self: Measurement requirements from an interactionist perspective. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43, 18–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J. (1991). Identity processes and social stress. American Sociological Review, 56, 836–849.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Reitzes, D. C. (1991). An identity theory approach to commitment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 239–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E. (1999). Trust and commitment through self-verification. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62, 341–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Tully, J. T. (1977). The measurement of role/identity. Social Forces, 55, 880–897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, R. B. (1979). The self concept in theory, measurement, development, and behaviour. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Call, K. T, & Mortimer, J. T. (2001). Arenas of comfort: A study of adjustment in context. Mahmah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambridge Scientific Abstracts. (2002). SocioFile/Sociological Abstracts. San Diego, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clay-Warner, J. (2001). Perceiving procedural injustice: The effects of group membership and status. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 224–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human nature and the social order. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, C. H. (1909). Social organization: A study of the larger mind. New York: Schocken Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cote, J. E., & Levine, C. G. (2002). Identity formation, agency, and culture: A social psychological synthesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culos-Reed, S. N., Brawley, L. R., Martin, K. A., & Leary, M. R. (2002). Self-presentation concerns and health behaviors among cosmetic surgery patients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, (32), 560–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diggory, J. C. (1966). Self-evaluation: Concepts and studies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkheim, E. (1951). Suicide. Glencoe, II: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ervin, L., & Stryker, S. (2000). Theorizing the relationship between self-esteem and identity. In T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.), Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 29–55). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foote, N. N. (1951). Identification as the basis for a theory of motivation. American Sociological Review, 16, 14–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garder, H. (1985). The mind’s new science: A history of the cognitive revolution. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge, X., Elder, G. H., Jr., Regnerus, M., & Cox, C. (2001). Pubertal transitions, perceptions of being overweight, and adolescents’ psychological maladjustment: Gender and ethnic differences. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 363–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, K. J. (1971). The concept of self. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddings, F. H. (1896). The principles of sociology: An analysis of the phenomena of association and of social organization. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haj-Yahia, M. M. (2001). Implications of wife abuse and battering for self-esteem, depression, and anxiety as revealed by the second Palestinian national survey on violence against women. Journal of Family Issues, 21, 435–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heise, D. R. (1977). Social action as the control of affect. Behavioral Science, 22, 163–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heise, D. R. (1979). Understanding events: Affect and the construction of social action. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heise, D. R. (1988). Affect control theory: Concepts and models. In L. Smith-Lovin & D. R. Heise (Eds.), Analyzing social interaction: Research advances in affect control theory (pp. 1–33). New York: Gordon and Breach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heise, D. R. (2002). Affect control theory. Web site: URL http://www.indiana.edu/~socpsy/ACT/

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, J. P. (1979). Self and society: A symbolic interactionist social psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York: Henry Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasper, J. M. (1997). The art of moral protest: Culture, biography, and creativity in social movements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. E. (1964). Ingratiation. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. E., & Pittman, T. S. (1982). Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. In J. Suls (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 1, pp. 231–262). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, H. B. (1975). Self-attitudes and deviant behavior. Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt, K. J., & Mabry, J. B. (2000). Agency in young adulthood: Intentional self-change among college students. Advances in Life Course Research, 5, 181–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klandermans, B. (1997). The social psychology of protest. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, M. H., & McPartland, T. S. (1954). An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. American Sociological Review, 19, 69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M. R. (1996). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior. Boulder, CO: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 34–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lecky, P. (1961). Self-consistency: A theory of personality. New York: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, N. J. (1994). Symbolic interaction as affect control. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, N. J., & Bowlby, J. W. (2000). The affective dynamics of stereotyping and intergroup relations. Advances in Group Processes, 17, 31–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H. W., Byrne, B. M., & Shavelson, R. J. (1992). A multidimensional, hierarchical self-concept. In T. M. Brinthaupt & R. P. Lipka (Eds.), The self: Definitional and methodological issues (pp. 44–95). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H. W., Craven, R., & Debus, R. (1998). Structure, stability, and development of young children’s self-concepts: A multicohort-multioccasion study. Child Development, 69, 1030–1053.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martindale, D. (1981). The nature and types of sociological theory (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, K. (1978). Economic and philosophical manuscript of 1844. In R. C. Tucker (Ed.), The Marx-Engels reader (2nd ed., pp. 66–132). New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall, G. J. (in press). The me and the not-me: Positive and negative poles of identity. In P. J. Burke, T. J. Owens, R. T. Serpe, & P. A. Thoits (Eds.), Advances in identity theory and research. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall, G. J., & Simmons, J. L. (1966). Identities and interaction. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society from the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meltzer, B. M., & Petras, J. W. (1970). The Chicago and Iowa schools of symbolic interactionism. In T. Shibutani (Ed.), Human nature and collective behavior: Papers in honor of Herbert Blumer (pp. 3–17). Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melucci, A. (1989). Nomads of the present: Social movements and individual needs in contemporary society. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melucci, A. (1996). Challenging codes: Collective action in the information age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener, H. A., & Delamater, J. D. (1999). Social psychology (4th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nezlek, J. B., & Leary, M. R. (2002). Individual differences in self-presentational motives in daily social interaction. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 211–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyamathi, A., Longshore, D., Keenan, C, Lesser, J., & Leake, B. D. (2001). Childhood predictors of daily substance use among homeless women of different ethnicities. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 35–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, C. E., May, W. H., & Miron, M. S. (1975). Cross-cultural universals of affective meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, T. J., & Aronson, P. J. (2000). Self-concept as a force in social movement involvement. In S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, & R. W. White (Eds.), Self, identity and social movements (pp. 132–151). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, T. J., & King, A. B. (2001). Measuring self-esteem: Race, ethnicity, and gender considered. In T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.), Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 56–84). New York: Cambridge University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, R. J. (2001). The effects of evaluative context on performance: The roles of self-and social-evaluations. Social Behavior & Personality, 29, 807–822.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlin, L. I., & LeBlanc, A. J. (2001). Bereavement and the loss of mattering. In T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.), Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 285–300). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peltzer, K., Malaka, D., & Phaswana, N. (2001). Psychological correlates of substance use among South African university students. Social Behavior & Personality, 29, 799–806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizzorno, A. (1978). Political science and collective identity in industrial conflict. In C. Crouch & A. Pizzorno (Eds.), The resurgence of class conflict in Western Europe since 1968 (pp. 277–298). New York: Holmes and Meier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polletta, F., & Jasper, J. M. (2001). Collective identity and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 283–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, W. T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rashotte, L. S. (2002). What does that smile mean? The meaning of nonverbal behaviors in social interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 65, 92–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D. T., & Smith-Lovin, L. (1992). Selective interaction as a strategy for identity maintenance: An affect control model. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 12–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (1981). The self-concept: Social product and social force. In M. Rosenberg & R. H. Turner (Eds.), Social psychology: Sociological perspectives (pp. 593–624). New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M., & McCullough, B. C. (1981). Mattering: Inferred significance and mental health among adolescents. Research in Community and Mental Health, 2, 163–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M., & Owens, T. J. (2001). Low self-esteem people: A collective portrait. In T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.), Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 400–436). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, ML, Schooler, C, Schoenbach, C, & Rosenberg, F. (1995). Global self-esteem and specific self-esteem: Different concepts, different outcomes. American Sociological Review, 60, 141–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnittker, J. (2001). Acculturation in context: The self-esteem of Chinese immigrants. Social Psychology Quarterly, 65, 56–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sciolino, E. (1997, October). A careful dance for U.S. envoy in Switzerland. New York Times, p. A3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin, J. H. (2002, December). Willigan and Heise Study Navajo social interaction and culture. Footnotes, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, R. G. (2001). Comfort with the self. In T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.), Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 198–222). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. W., Matsuno, T., & Ike, S. (2001). The affective basis of attributional processes among Japanese and Americans. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 180–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Lovin, L., & Heise, D. R. (Eds.). (1988). Analyzing social interaction: Research advances in affect control theory. New York: Gordon & Breach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sniderman, P. M. (1975). Personality and democratic politics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 224–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2002). A sociological approach to self and identity. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 128–152). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., & Tsushima, T. M. (2001). Negative emotion and coping responses within identity control theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 283–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (1968). Identity theory and role performance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 30, 558–564.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (1980). Symbolic interactionism: A social structural version. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (1987). The vitalization of symbolic interactionism. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 83–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (1991). Exploring the relevance of social cognition for the relationship of self and society: Linking the cognitive perspective and identity theory. In J. A. Howard & P. L. Callero (Eds.), The self-society dynamic: Cognition, emotion, and action (pp. 19–54). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (2000). Identity competition: Key to differential social movement participation? In S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, & R. W. White (Eds.), Self, identity and social movements (pp. 21–40). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 284–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1994). Identity salience and psychological centrality: Equivalent, overlapping, or complementary concepts? Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 16–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Statham, A. (1985). Symbolic interaction and role theory. In L. Gardner & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., pp. 311–378). New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., Owens, T. J., & White, R. W. (2000a). Self, identity, and social movements. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., Owens, T. J., & White, R. W. (2000b). Social psychology and social movements: Cloudy past and bright future. In S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, & R. W. White (Eds.), Self, identity and social movements (pp. 1–17). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramaniam, M. (2001). Translating participation in informal organizations into empowerment: Women in rural India. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storrs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W. B., Jr. (1996). Self-traps: The elusive quest for higher self-esteem. New York: W. H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W. B., Jr. (1983). Self-verification: Bring social reality into harmony with the self. In J. M. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Social psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 2, pp. 33–66). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W. B., Jr., Milton, L. P., & Polzer, J. T. (2000). Should we create a niche or fall in line? Identity negotiation and small group effectiveness. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 79, 238–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (2nd ed., pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarrant, M., North, A. C, & Hargreaves, D. J. (2001). Social categorization, self-esteem, and the estimated musical preferences of male adolescents. Journal of Social Psychology, 141, 565–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J., & Turner, R. J. (2001). A longitudinal study of the role and significance of mattering to others for depressive symptoms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42, 310–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, V. (1996). Rock-a-by baby: Feminism, self-help, and postpartum depression. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, V. (2000). Emotions and identity in women’s self-help movements. In S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, & R. W. White (Eds.), Self, identity, and social movements (pp. 271–299). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, V., & Whittier, N. E. (1995). Analytical approaches to social movement culture: The culture of the women’s movement. In H. Johnston & B. Klandermans (Eds.), Social movements and culture (pp. 163–187). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thoits, P. A. (1995). Social psychology: The interplay between sociology and psychology. Social Forces, 73, 1231–1243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thoits, P. A., & Hewitt, L. N. (2001). Volunteer work and well-being. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 42, 115–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thoits, P. A., & Virshup, L. K. (1997). Me’s and we’s: Forms and functions of social identities. In R. D. Ashmore & L. Jussim (Eds.), Self and identity: Fundamental issues (Vol. 1, pp. 106–133). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, W. I., & Znaniecki, F. (1918). The Polish peasant in Europe and America. Boston: G. Badger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsoudis, O., & Smith-Lovin, L. (1998). How bad was it? The effects of victim and perpetrator emotion on responses to criminal court vignettes. Social Forces, 77, 695–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C, Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. W. (2001). Social and role identities and political violence: Identity as a window on violence in Northern Ireland. In R. D. Ashmore & L. Jussim (Eds.), Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (Vol. 3, pp. 133–158). London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, E. R., Gronfein, W. P., & Owens, T. J. (2000). Deinstitutionalization, social rejection, and the self-esteem of former mental patients. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 68–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, R. C. (1979). The self-concept: Theory and research on selected topics (Rev. ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Owens, T.J. (2006). Self and Identity. In: Delamater, J. (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36921-X_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics