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Evolution of the Transporting Epithelium Phenotype

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Book cover Tight Junctions

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Abstract

Metazoans and transporting epithelia (TE) kept a strict correlation throughout evolution because a cell lodged in an intimate tissue and surrounded by an extracellular space less than a micron thick would quickly perish were it not for the intense and highly selective exchange of substances across TE. The main cellular features of TE are tight junctions and apical/basolateral polarity involving close to a hundred molecular species exquisitely assembled. Even when at the dawn of metazoan, junctions and polarity must have been much simpler, it is hard to imagine how the molecules that are involved might have coincided in the same organism and within a few minutes. The present chapter attempts to solve this conundrum by discussing several clues.

  1. 1.

    Polarity, as well as certain molecules involved in its generation and maintenance, are even present in unicellulars.

  2. 2.

    Molecular species belonging to septate and occluding junctions can be found in unicellulars, albeit fulfilling different roles.3 Primitive metazoan might have had very simple epithelia of a transient nature, that helped to retain nutrients and signal molecules for short periods, then opened to allow the whole mass of cells to be flushed by the environment (“Thrifty sponge”).

  3. 4.

    Early metazoan might have compensated the inefficiency of their primitive epithelia with a large surface-to-volume ratio.

  4. 5.

    Finally, the possibility exists that cells might have proliferated without completely detaching from each other, and preserving the orientation of their mitotic spindle, thereby generating an ample overall polarized epithelium that would create an internal environment even before an internal body of somatic cells would grow inside (“the mare nostrum metazoan”).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), México D.F., México

    Marcelino Cereijido, María del Refugio García-Villegas & Ruben Gerardo Contreras

  2. Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., México

    Liora Shoshani

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  1. Marcelino Cereijido
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  2. María del Refugio García-Villegas
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Cereijido, M., García-Villegas, M.d.R., Shoshani, L., Contreras, R.G. (2006). Evolution of the Transporting Epithelium Phenotype. In: Tight Junctions. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36673-3_1

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