Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gender Socialization

  • Chapter
Handbook of the Sociology of Gender

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research ((HSSR))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Angrilli, A. F. (1960). The psychosexual identification of pre-school boys. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 97 329–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bern, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88, 354–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berndt, T. J., Cheung, P. C., Lau, S., Kit-Tai Hau, K., & Lew, W. J. F. (1993). Perceptions of parenting in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: Sex differences and societal differences. Developmental Psychology, 29, 156–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Best, D. L., & Williams, J. E. (1993). A cross-cultural viewpoint. In A. E. Beall & R. J. Steinberg (Eds.) The psychology of gender., (pp. 215–248). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, J. H. (1984). Sex role identity and ego development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (1994). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (1995a). Evolutionary psychology: A new paradigm for psychological science. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (1995b). Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection. American Psychologist, 50, 164–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M., & Malamuth, N. (Eds.) (1996). Sex, power, conflict: Feminist and evolutionary perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chodorow, N. J. (1974). Family structure and feminine personality. In M.Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere (Eds.) Women, culture and society (pp. 43–66). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chodorow, N. J. (1978). The reproduction of mothering. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chodorow, N. J. (1989). Feminism and psychoanalytic theory. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coltrane, S. (1988). Father-child relationships and the status of women: A cross-cultural study. American Journal of Sociology, 93, 1060–1095.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coltrane, S. (1992). The micropolitics of gender in nonindustrial societies. Gender & Society, 6, 86–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constaninople, A. (1973). Masculinity-femininity: An exception to a famous dictum. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 389–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, H. (1944–1945). The psychology of women: A psychoanalytic interpretation, Vol. 1: Girlhood, Vol. 2: Motherhood. New York: Bantam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinnerstein, D. (1976). The mermaid and the minotaur: Sexual arrangements and human malaise. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eagly, A. H. (1995a). Reflections on the commenters’ views. American Psychologist, 50, 169–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eagly, A. H. (1995b). The science and politics of comparing women and men. American Psychologist, 50, 145–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eder, D., with Evans, C. C., & Parker, S. (1995). School talk: Gender and adolescent culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elder, G. H. (1994). Time, human agency, and social change: Perspectives on the life course. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 4–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabes, R. (1994). Physiological, emotional, and behavioral correlates of gender segregation. In C. Leaper (Ed.), Childhood gender segregation: Causes and consequences (pp. 19–34). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairbairn, R. (1952). An object-relations theory of the personality. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I. (1985). Beyond the reinforcement principle: Another step toward understanding sex role development. Developmental Psychology, 21, 1097–1104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I. (1994). Peer relations and the development of competence in boys and girls. In C. Leaper (Ed.), Childhood gender segregation: Causes and consequences (pp. 53–66). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., & Hagan, R. (1985). Aggression in toddlers: Responses to the assertive acts of boys and girls. Aggression, 12, 341–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., & Leinbach, M. D. (1987). Socialization of sex roles within the family. In D. B. Carter (Ed.), Current conceptions of sex roles and sex typing: Theory and research(pp. 89–100). New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., & Leinbach, M. D. (1989). The young child’s gender schema: Environmental input, internal organization. Child Development, 60, 663–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., & Leinbach, M.D. (1993). Gender-role development in young children: From discrimination to labeling. Developmental Review, 13, 205–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., Hagan, R., Leinbach, M. D., & Kronsberg, S. (1985). Differential reactions to assertive and communicative acts of toddler boys and girls. Child Development, 56, 1499–1505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., Leinbach, M. D., & O’Boyle, C. (1992). Gender labeling, gender stereotyping, and parenting behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 28, 225–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fast, I. (1984). Gender identity: A differentiation model. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fast, I. (1993). Aspects of early gender development: A psychodynamic perspective. In A. E. Beall, & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (pp. 173–193). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fine, G. A. (1987). With the boys: Little league baseball and preadolescent culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, E. M. (1965). A developmental study of the effects of sex of the dominant parent on sex-role preference, identification, and imitation in children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 188–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, D. C., & Eisenhart, M. A. (1990). Educated in romance: Women, achievement, and college culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horney, K. (1967a). The dread of women: Observations on a specific difference in the dread felt by men and by women respectively for the opposite sex. In H. Kelman (Ed.), Feminine psychology (pp. 133–146). New York: Norton (originally published 1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horney, K. (1967b). The flight from womanhood: The masculinity complex in women as viewed by men and by women. In H. Kelman (Ed.), Feminine psychology (pp. 54–70). New York: Norton (originally published 1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hort, B. E., Leinbach, M. D., & Fagot, B. I. (1991). Is there coherence among the cognitive components of gender acquisition? Sex Roles, 24, 195–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huston, A. C. (1983). Sex typing. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology (4th ed., Vol. 4, pp. 387–467) New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huston, A. C. (1985). The development of sex typing: Themes from recent research. Developmental Review, 5, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyde, J. S., & Plant, E. A. (1995). Magnitude of psychological gender differences. American Psychologist, 50, 159–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacklin, C. N. (1989). Female and male: Issues of gender. American Psychologist, 44, 127–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. M. (1988). Strong mothers, weak wives. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, E., & Cowan, A. (1995). Warrior narratives in the kindergarten classroom: Renegotiating the social contract? Gender & Society, 9, 727–743.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, D. T., & Trost, M. R. (1993). The evolutionary perspective. In A. E. Beall & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (pp. 148–172). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1960). The psychoanalysis of children. New York: Grove Press (originally published 1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L. (1966). A cognitive-developmental analysis of children’s sex-role concepts and attitudes. In E. E. Maccoby (Ed.), The development of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leaper, C. (1994). Exploring the consequences of gender segregation on social relationships. In C. Leaper (Ed.), Childhood gender segregation: Causes and consequences (pp. 67–86). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinbach, M. D., & Fagot, B. I. (1986). Acquisition of gender labels: A test for toddlers. Sex Roles, 15, 655–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leinbach, M. D., & Fagot, B. I. (1993). Categorical habituation to male and female faces: Gender schematic processing in infancy. Infant Behavior and Development, 16, 317–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, H. (1986). A mote in Freud’s eye: From psychoanalysis to the psychology of women. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, E. C. (1968). Developing women’s potential. Ames: Iowa State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, G. D., & Fivush, R. (1993). Scripts and gender: A new approach for examining gender-role development. Developmental Review, 13, 126–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobel, T. E., & Menashri, J. (1993). Relations of conceptions of gender-role transgressions and gender constancy to gender-typed toy preferences. Developmental Psychology, 29, 150–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luecke-Aleksa, D., Anderson, D. R., Collins, P. A., & Schmitt, K. L. (1995). Gender constancy and television viewing. Developmental Psychology, 31, 773–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lytton, H., & Romney, D. M. (1991). Parents’ differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 267–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1988). Gender as a social category. Developmental Psychology, 26, 755–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1990). Gender and relationships: A developmental account. American Psychologist. 45, 513–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1991a). Gender and relationships: A reprise. American Psychologist, 46, 538–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1991b). Gender segregation in the workplace: Continuities and discontinuities from childhood to adulthood. In M. Frankenhaeuser, U. Lundberg, & M. Chesney (Eds.), Women, work, and health: Stress and opportunities (pp. 3–16). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006–1017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1994). Commentary: Gender segregation in childhood. In C. Leaper (Ed.), Childhood gender degregation: Causes and consequences (pp. 87–97). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E. (1995). The two sexes and their social systems. In P. Moen, G. H. Elder, & K. Luscher (Eds.), Examining Lives in Context: Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development (pp. 347–364). Washington, D.C., American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maracek, J. (1995). Gender, politics, and psychology’s ways of knowing. American Psychologist, 50, 162–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H., Crane, M., Bernstein, S., & Saladi, M. (1982). Self-schemas and gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 38–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L. (1993). New directions for investigating children’s gender knowledge. Developmental Review, 13, 184–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L. (1994). Cognitive influences on the development and maintenance of gender segregation. In C. Leaper (Ed.), Childhood Gender Segregation: Causes and Consequences (pp. 35–51). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L., & Halvorson, C. F., Jr. (1981). A schematic processing model of sex typing and stereotyping in children. Child Development, 52, 1119–1134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L., & Halvorson, C. F., Jr. (1987). The roles of cognition in sex role acquisition. In D. B. Carter (Ed.), Current conceptions of sex roles and sex typing: Theory and research (pp. 123–137). New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L., Wood, C. H., & Little, J. K. (1990). The development of gender stereotype components. Child Development, 61, 1891–1904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. S. (1996). The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century. Demography, 33, 395–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, M. (1949). Male and female: A study of the sexes in a changing world. New York: Dell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussen, P., & Rutherford, E. (1963). Parent-child relations and parental personality in relation to young children’s sex-role preferences. Child Development, 34, 589–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. (1955). Family structure and the socialization of the child. In T. Parsons & R. F. Bales. Family socialization and interaction process (pp. 35–131). Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. (1970). Social structure and personality. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powlishta, K. K. (1995). Intergroup processes in childhood: Social categorization and sex role development. Developmental Psychology, 31, 781–788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. C. (1994). The limits of family influence: Genes, experience, and behavior. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schore, A. N. (1994). Affect regulation and the origin of the self: The neurobiology of emotional development. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, R. R., Rau, L., & Alpert, R. (1965). Identification and child rearing. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serbin, L. A., Tonick, I. J., & Sternglanz, S. H. (1977). Shaping cooperative cross-sex play. Child Development, 48, 924–929.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serbin, L. A., Connor, J. M., & Citron, C. C. (1978). Environmental control of independent and dependent behaviors in preschool girls and boys: A model for early independence training. Sex Roles, 4, 867–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serbin, L. A., Moller, L. C., Gulko, J., Powlishta, K. K., & Colbume, K. A. (1994). The emergence of gender segregation in toddler playgroups. In C. Leaper (Ed.), Childhood gender segregation: causes and consequences (pp. 7–17). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Signorella, M. L., Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (1993). Developmental differences in children’s gender schemata about others: A meta-analytic review. Developmental Review, 13, 147–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slaby, R. G., & Frey, K. (1975). Development of gender constancy and selective attention to same-sex models. Child Development, 46, 849–856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, R. J. (1993). What is the relation of gender to biology and environment? An evolutionary model of how what you answer depends on what you ask. In A. E. Beall & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (pp. 1–6). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockard, J., & Johnson, M. M. (1979). The social origins of male dominance. Sex Roles, 5, 199–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stockard, J., & Johnson, M. M. (1992). Sex and gender in society (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, B. (1993). Gender play: Girls and boys in school. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, P. J., & Gervai, J. (1995). A multidimensional study of gender typing in preschool children and their parents: Personality, attitudes, preferences, behavior, and cultural differences. Developmental Psychology, 31, 759–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Udry, J. R. (1995). Sociology and biology: What biology do sociologists need to know? Social Forces, 73, 1267–1278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ullian, D. Z. (1976). The development of conceptions of masculinity and femininity. In B. Lloyd & J. Archer (Eds.), Exploring sex differences (pp. 25–48). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voss, L. S. (1997). Teasing, disputing, and playing: Cross-gender interactions and space utilization among first and third graders. Gender & Society, 11, 238–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. P. (1988). Children of different worlds: The formation of social behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. L. (1989). Gender differences at work: Women and men in nontraditional occupations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1291

    Jean Stockard

Authors
  1. Jean Stockard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stockard, J. (2006). Gender Socialization. In: Handbook of the Sociology of Gender. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36218-5_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation