Skip to main content

Non-invasive Respiratory Support in Pre-term Neonates and Pediatric Patients with Respiratory Failure

  • Conference paper
Intensive Care Medicine

Abstract

Ventilation is one of the most expensive therapies in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) [1] and a considerable morbidity is associated with its use. The cost of the treatment of preterm neonates, infants and children with respiratory failure, who require mechanical ventilation, is extremely expensive and increases with the length of stay [2]. Moreover, the financial burden caused from respiratory morbidity for preterm infants who subsequently develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) should also be noted. This expense largely reflects nursing and respiratory therapist time, which may be much less in different health care systems worldwide.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clermont G, Griffin MF, Clark RH (2001) Epidemiology of neonatal respiratory failure in the United States: projections from California and New York. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1154–1160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Angus DC, Clermont G, Watson RS, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clark RH, Roberts MS (2003) Cost-effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure in the United States. Pediatrics 112:1351–1360

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. O’Brodovich HM, Haddad GC (1998) The functional basis of respiratory pathology and disease. In: Chernick V, Boat TF (eds) Kendig’s Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 27–74

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mortola JP, Fisher JT, Smith JB, Fox GS, Weeks S, Willis D (1982) Onset of respiration in infants delivered by caesarian section. J Appl Physiol 52:716–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lopes J, Muller NL, Bryan MH, Bryan AC (1981) Importance of inspiratory muscle tone in the maintenance of FRC in the newborn. J Appl Physiol 51:830–834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Berry FA (1985) Inhalation agents in pediatric anesthesia. Clin Anesthesiol 3:515–537

    Google Scholar 

  7. Halliday HL (1996) Controversies: synthetic or natural surfactant. The case for natural surfactant. J Perinat Med 24:417–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Keens TG, Bryan AC, Levison H, Ianuzzo CD (1978) Developmental pattern of muscle fiber types in human ventilatory muscles. J Appl Physiol 44: 909–913

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Muller N, Gulston G, Cade D, Whitton J, Froese AB, Bryan MH (1979) Diaphragmatic muscle fatigue in the newborn. J Appl Physiol 46:688–695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Davidson-Ward SL, Bautista DB, Keens TG (1989) Hypoxic arousal responses in normal infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 7:276 (abst)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jobe AH, Ikegami M (1998) Mechanisms initiating lung injury in the preterm. Early Hum Dev 53:81–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kotecha S, Chan B, Azam N, Silverman M, Shaw RJ (1995) Increase in interleukin-8 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from premature infants who develop chronic lung disease. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 72:F90–F96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Manktelow BN, Draper ES, Annamalai S, Field D (1992) Factors affecting the incidence of chronic lung disease of prematurity in 1987, 1992, and 1997. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 85:F33–F35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Furman L, Baley J, Borawski-Clark E, Aucott S, Hack M (1996) Hospitalization as a measure of morbidity among very low birth weight infants with chronic lung disease. J Pediatr 128:447–452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rojas MA, Gonzalez A, Bancalari E, Claure N, Poole C, Silva-Neto G (1995) Changing trends in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of neonatal chronic lung disease. J Pediatr 126:605–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Krauss AN, Klain DB, Auld PA (1975) Chronic pulmonary insufficiency of prematurity (CPIP). Pediatrics 55:55–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang EE, Law BJ, Stephens D (1995) Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) prospective study of risk factors and outcomes in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. J Pediatr 126:212–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gregory GA, Kitterman JA, Phibbs RH, Tooley WH, Hamilton WK (1971) Treatment of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressyre. N Engl J Med 284:1333–1340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Miller D, Kirpalani H (2004) Benefits of non invasive ventilation. Indian Pediatrics 41:1008–1017

    Google Scholar 

  20. Courtney SE, Pyon KH, Saslow JG, Arnold GK, Pandit PB, Habib RH (2001) Lung recruitment and breathing pattern during variable versus continuous flow nasal continuous positive airway pressure in premature infants: an evaluation of three devices. Pediatrics 107:304–308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chernick V (1973) Continuous distending pressure in hyaline membrane disease: of devices, disadvantages, and a daring study. Pediatrics 52:114–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Roberton NR (1998) Early nasal CPAP reduces the need for intubation in VLBW infants. Eur J Pediatr 157:438–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kopelman AE,. Holbert D (2003) Use of oxygen cannulas in extremely low birthweight infants is associated with mucosal trauma and bleeding, and possibly with coagulase-negative staphylococcal sepsis. J Perinatal 23:94–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Benveniste D, Berg O, Pedersen JE (1976) A technique for delivery of continuous positive airway pressure to the neonate. J Pediatr 88:1015–1019

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jobe AH, Kramer BW, Moss TJ, Newnham JP, Ikegami M (2002) Decreased indicators of lung injury with continuous positive expiratory pressure in preterm lambs. Pediatr Res 52:387–392

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lindner W, Vossbeck S, Hummler H, Pohlandt F (1999) Delivery room management of extremely low birth weight infants: spontaneous breathing or intubation? Pediatrics 103:961–967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lofaso F, Brochard L, Hang T, Lorino H, Harf A, Isabey D (1996) Home versus intensive care pressure support devices. Experimental and clinical comparison. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:1581–1599

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tassaux D, Strasser S, Fonseca S, Dalmas E, Jolliet P (2002) Comparative bench study of triggering, pressurization and cycling between the home ventilator VPAP II and three ICU ventilators. Intensive Care Med 28:1254–1261

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Calderini E, Confalonieri M, Puccio PG, Francavilla N, Stella L, Gregoretti C (1999) Patient ventilator asynchrony during non invasive ventilation: the role of the expiratory trigger. Intensive Care Med 25:622–627

    Google Scholar 

  30. Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Taccone P, Slutsky A, Gattinoni L (2003) Effect of different inspiratory rise times and cycling off criteria during pressure support ventilation in patients recovering from acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 31:2604–2610

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Calvi E, Bigatello LM, Gattinoni L (2002) Different modes of assisted ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 20:925–933

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Davis PG,. Henderson-Smart DJ (2003) Nasal continuous positive airways pressure immediately after extubation for preventing morbidity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD000143

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lemyre B, Davis PG, De Paoli AG (2002) Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for apnea of prematurity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD002272

    Google Scholar 

  34. De Paoli AG, Morley C, Davis PG (2003) Nasal CPAP for neonates: what do we know in 2003? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 88:F168–F172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Van Marter LJ, Allred EN, Pagano M, Sanocka U, Parad R, Moore M (2000) Do clinical markers of barotrauma and oxygen toxicity explain interhospital variation in rates of chronic lung disease? The Neonatology Committee for the Developmental Network. Pediatrics 105:1194–201

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ho JJ, Subramaniam HJJ, Henderson Smart DJ, Davis PG (2002) Continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD002271

    Google Scholar 

  37. Guilleminault C, Pelayo R, Clerk A, Leger D, Boclan RC (1995) Home nasal continuous positive airway pressure in infants with sleep disordered breathing. J Pediatr 127:905–912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Fauroux B, Pigeot J, Polkey MI, et al (2001) Chronic stridor caused by laryngomalacia in children. Work of breathing and effects of non invasive ventilatory assistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1874–1878

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Pieper CH, Smith J, Maree D, Pohl FC (2003) Is nCPAP of value in extreme preterms with no access to neonatal intensive care? J Trop Pediatr 49:148–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ryan CA, Finer NN, Peters KL (1989) Nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation offers no advantages over nasal continuous positive airway pressure in apnea of prematurity. Am J Dis Child 143:1196–1198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Moretti C, Gizzi C, Papoff P, Lampariello S, Capoferri M, Calcagnini G (1999) Comparing the effects of nasal synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nSIPPV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) after extubation in very low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev 56:167–177

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Barrington KJ, Bull D, Finer NN (2001) Randomized trial of nasal synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation compared with continuous positive airway pressure after extubation of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 107:638–641

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. De Paoli AG, Davis PG, Lemyre G (2003) Nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation versus nasal intermittent positive pressure: a systematic review and a metaanalysis. Acta Pediatr 92:70–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Friedlich P, Lecart C, Posen R, Ramicone E, Chan L, Ramanathan R (1999) A randomized trial of nasopharyngeal-synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation versus nasopharyngeal continuous positive airway pressure in very low birth weight infants after extubation. J Perinatal 19:413–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Khalaf MN, Brodsky N, Hurley J, Bhandari V (2001) A prospective randomized, controlled trial comparing synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure as modes of extubation. Pediatrics 108:13–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Soong WJ, Hwang B, Tang RB (1993) Continuous positive airway pressure by nasal prongs in bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 16:163–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Essouri S, Nicot F, Clement A, et al (2005) Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in infants with upper airway obstruction: comparison of continuous and bilevel positive pressure. Intensive Care Med 31:574–580

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Akingbola O, Servant GM, Custer JR, Palmisano J (1993) Non invasive Bi Level positive pressure ventilation management of two pediatric patients. Respir Care 38:1092–1098

    Google Scholar 

  49. Marino P, Rosa G, Cogliati AA (1997) Treatment of acute respiratory failure by prolonged non invasive ventilation in a child. Can J Anaesth 44:727–731

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Fortenberry JD, Del Toro J, Jefferson LS, Evey L, Hasse D (1995) Management of pediatric acute hypoxiemic respiratory insufficiency with bi-level positive pressure (BiPAP) nasal mask ventilation. Chest 108:1059–1064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Akingbola O, Palmisano J, Servant GM, Custer JR, Moler F (1994) BiPAP mask ventilation in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 22:144 (abst)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Teague WG, Lowe E, Dominick J, Lang D (1998) Non invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in critically ill children with status asthmaticus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:542–546

    Google Scholar 

  53. Teague WG, Kervin L, Dawadkar V, Scott P (1991) Non invasive positive pressure ventilation improves ventilation and oxygenation in children with upper airway obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis 143:505–509

    Google Scholar 

  54. Doherty MJ, Millner PA, Latham M, Dickson R, Elliot M (2001) Non invasive ventilation in the treatment of ventilatory failure follwing corrective spinal surgery. Anesthesia 56:235–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Padman R, Lawless ST, Kettrick RG (1998) Non invasive ventilation via bi-level positive airway pressure support in clinical practice. Crit Care Med 26:169–173

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Niranjan V, Bach JR (1998) Non invasive management of pediatric neuromuscular ventilatory failure. Crit Care Med 26:2061–2065

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Rosen GM, Muckle RP, Mahowald MW, Golding GS, Ullevig C (1994) Postoperative respiratory compromise in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: can it be anticipated? Pediatrics 3:784–788

    Google Scholar 

  58. Bimkrant DJ, Pope JJ, Eiben RM (1997) Pediatric non invasive nasal ventilation. J Child Neurol 12:231–236

    Google Scholar 

  59. Bach JR, Nirajan V, Weaver B (2000) Spinal muscular atrophy type I. A non invasive respiratory management approach. Chest 117:1100–1105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Padman R, Nadkarmi V, Von Nessen S (1994) Non invasive positive pressure ventilation in end stage cystic fibrosis: a report of seven cases. Respir Care 39:736–739

    Google Scholar 

  61. Gozal D (1997) Nocturnal ventilatory support in patients with cystic fibrosis: comparison with supplemental oxygen. Eur Respir J 10:1999–2003

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Teague WG (2003) Non invasive ventilation in pediatric intensive care unit for children with acute respiratory failure. Pediatric Pulmonology 35:418–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Shah PS, Ohlsson A, Shah JP (2003) Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD003699

    Google Scholar 

  64. Samuels MP, Raine J, Wright T, Alexander JA, Lockyer K, Spencer SA (1996) Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure in neonatal respiratory failure. Pediatrics 98:1154–1160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Faranoff AA, Cha CC, Sosa R, Crumrine RS, Klaus MH (1973) Controlled trial of continuous external negative pressure in the treatment of severe respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatric 82:921–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Alexander G, Gerhardt T, Bancalari E (1979) Hyaline membrane disease. Comparison of continuous negative pressure and nasal positive airway pressure in its treatment. Am J Dis Child 133:1156–1159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Torres FM, Rodriguez Nunez A, Martinon Sanchez JM (2002) Heliox therapy in infants with acute bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 109:68–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Norregaard O (2002) Non invasive ventilation in children. Eur Respir J 20:1332–1342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Antonelli M, Conti G, Pelosi P, et al (2002) New treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation delivered by helmet: A pilot controlled trial. Crit Care Med 30:602–683

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Squadrone V. Coha M, Cerutti E, et al (2005) Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 293:589–595

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Taccone P, Hess D, Caironi P, Bigatello L (2004) Continuous positive airway pressure delivered with a “helmet”: Effects on carbon dioxide rebreathing. Crit Care Med 32:2092–2096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Piastra M, Antonelli M (2004) Treatment of acute respiratory failure by helmet delivered noninvasive pressure support ventilation in children with acute leukemia: a clinical pilot study. Intensive Care Med 30:472–474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Trevisanuto D, Grazzina N, Doglioni N (2005) A new device for administration of continuous airway pressure in preter infants: comparison with a standard nasal CPAP continuous positive airway pressure system. Intensive Care Med 31:859–864

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science + Business Media Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Pelosi, P., Chidini, G., Calderini, E. (2006). Non-invasive Respiratory Support in Pre-term Neonates and Pediatric Patients with Respiratory Failure. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-35096-9_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-35096-9_37

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-30156-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-35096-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics