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Use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Critically III Patients

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Intensive Care Medicine

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Abstract

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are probably the most frequently used ventilatory treatments in critically ill patients. In a recent international survey, PEEP was used in more than 90% of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in more than 50% of patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1]. PEEP is a technique in which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure at end expiration by pressurization of the ventilatory circuit, whereas during CPAP, pressure is applied to spontaneous breathing throughout the entire respiratory cycle. Many pathological conditions benefit from the application of PEEP or CPAP, as shown by the pioneering work of Poulton and Oxon [2] and Barach and collegues [3] who demonstrated that application of positive pressure to the airway can effectively treat patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Nowadays, CPAP or PEEP are used in various forms of acute respiratory failure to improve respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and cardiac performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Agostino Gemelli, University Hospital, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy

    S. M. Maggiore, A. Arcangeli & M. Antonelli

Authors
  1. S. M. Maggiore
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  2. A. Arcangeli
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  3. M. Antonelli
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean-Louis Vincent MD, PhD, FCCM, FCCP (Head) (Head)

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Maggiore, S.M., Arcangeli, A., Antonelli, M. (2006). Use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Critically III Patients. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-35096-9_36

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-35096-9_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-30156-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-35096-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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