Skip to main content

An epitome of chemical components and low molecular compounds

  • Chapter
Book cover New Perspectives on Aloe

3.1.3. Conclusion

The chemical components from the plants of aloe genuses and their analyses were simply discussed. Between the late 1970s and the mid 1980s, the research on aloe was aimed at developing health foods and cosmetics. Since the 1990s, however, researches have focused mainly on developing new drugs. This trend of research is expected to continue for a while, in accordance with the effort to develop new drugs from natural products. In addition, analyzing the components in aloe using HPLC/mass spectrometry will contribute to the research on aloe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. (1992) The society for pharmacognosy research: modern biology; 15

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akev N, Can A (1999) Separation and some properties of Aloe vera L. leaf pulp lectins. Phytother Res 13, 489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Beaumont J, Reynolds T, Vaughan J. G. (1984) Homonataloin in Aloe species. Planta Med 50, 505

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bisrat D, Dagne E, van Wyk BE, Viljoen A (2000) Chromones and anthrones from Aloe marlothii and Aloe rupestris. Phytochemistry 55, 949

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bisrat D, Dagne E, van Wyk, BE, Viljoen A (2000) Chromones and anthrones from Aloe marlothii and Aloe rupestris. Phytochemistry 55, 949

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Blitzke T, Porzel A, Masaoud M, Schmidt J (2000) A chlorinated amide and piperidine alkaloids from Aloe sabaea. Phytochemistry 55, 979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Choi J, Lee S, Sung C, Jung J (1996) Phytochemical study on Aloe vera. Arch. Pharm Res 19, 163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chung JH, Cheong JC, Lee JY, Roh, HK, Cha, YN (1996) Acceleration of the Alcohol Oxidation Rate in Rats with Aloin, a Quinone Derivative of Aloe. Biochemical Pharmacology 55, 1461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Conner JM, Gray AI., Reynolds T, Waterman, PG (1987) Anthraquinone, anthrone and phenylpyrone components of Aloe nyeriensisvar. kedongensis leaf exudate Phytochemistry 26, 2995

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Conner JM, Gray AI, Reynolds T, Waterman PG (1989) Anthracene and chromone derivatives in the exudate of Aloe rabaiensis Phytochemistry 28, 3551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Conner JM, Gray AI, Waterman PG, Reynolds T (1990) Novel anthrone-anthraquinone dimers from Aloe elgonica J Nat Prod 53, 1362

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Conner JM, Gray AI, Reynolds T, Waterman PG (1990) Anthrone and chromone components of Aloe cremnophila and A jacksonii leaf exudates Phytochemistry 29, 941

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dagne E, Casse I, Steglich W (1992) Aloechrysone a dihydroanthracenone from Aloe berhana Phytochemistry 31, 1791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dagne E, Van Wyk B, Stephenson D, Steglich W (1996) Three Oxanthrones from Aloe littoralis Phytochemistry 42, 1683

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dagne E, Bisrat D, Codina C, Bastida JA (1998) O-diglucosylated oxanthrone from Aloe littoralis Phytochemistry 48, 903

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dagne E, Bisrat D, Van Wyk B, Viljoen A, Hellwig V, Steglich W (1997) Anthrones from Aloe microstigmna Phytochemistry 44, 1271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Deng Y, Qin W (1999) Determination of aloe emodin from aloe extract by thin-layer chromatography Shipin Kexue 20, 57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Duri L, Morelli CF, Crippa S, Speranza G (2004) 6-Phenylpyrones and 5-methylchromones from Kenya aloe Fitoterapia 75, 520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. ElSohly MA, Gul W, Murphy TP (2004) Analysis of the anthraquinones aloe-emodin and aloin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Int Immunopharmacol 4, 1739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fairbairn JW, Simic S (1960) Vegetable purgatives containing anthracene derivatives. Part XI. Further work on the aloin-like substance of Rhamnus purshiana DC J Pharm Pharmacol 12, 45T

    Google Scholar 

  21. Franz G, Gruen M (1983) Chemistry, Occurrence and Biosynthesis of C-glycosyl compounds in Plants Planta Med 47, 131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Farah MH, Andersson R, Samuelsson G (1992) Microdontin A and B: two new aloin derivatives from Aloe microdonta. PIanta Med 58, 88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Groom QJ, Reynolds T (1987) Barbaloin in Aloe species Planta Med 53, 345

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Grun M, Franz G (1980) Studies on the biosynthesis of aloin in Aloe arborescens Planta Med 39, 288

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gramatica P, Monti D, Speranza G, Manitto P (1982) Aloe revised The structure of aloeresin A Tetrahedron Lett 23, 2423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hay JE, Haynes LJ (1956) The aloins Part I The structure of barbaloin. J Chem Soc 3141

    Google Scholar 

  27. Haynes LJ, Holdsworth DK, Russell R (1970) C-glycosyl compounds VI Aloesin a C-glucosylchromone from Aloe sp J Chem Soc (C) 18, 2581

    Google Scholar 

  28. Holdsworth DK (1971) Chromones in Aloe species 1 Aloesin C-glucosyl-7-hydroxychromone Planta Med 19, 322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hirata T, Suga T (1978) Structure of aloenin a new biologically-active bitter glucoside from Aloe arborescens var natalensis Bull Chem Soc Jpn 51, 842

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Horhammer L, Wagner H, Bittner G (1964) Aloinosid B ein neue Glycosid aus Aloe Z Naturforsch 19b, 222

    Google Scholar 

  31. Holdsworth DK (1972) Chromones in aloe species II Aloesone Planta Med 22, 54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ishii Y, Tanizawa H, Takino Y (1984) Fluorophotometry of barbaloin in Aloe Chem Pharm Bull 32, 4946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kim KH, Kim HJ, Park JH, Shin YG (1996) Determination of aloesin in aloe preparations by HPLC Yakhak Hoeji 40, 177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kuzuya H, Tamai I, Beppu H, Shimpo K, Chihara T (2001) Determination of aloenin barbaloin and isobarbaloin in Aloe species by micellar electrokinetic chromatography J Chromatogr B 752, 91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lee KY, Park JH, Chung MH, Park YI, Kim KW, Lee YJ, Lee SK (1997) Aloesin up-regulates cyclin E/CDK2 kinase-activity via inducing the protein-levels of cyclin E CDK2 and CDC25A in SK-HEP-l cells Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 41, 285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Li WK, Chan CL, Lueng HW (2000) Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry as a tool for the characterization of anthraquinone derivatives from Chinese herbal medicine J Pharm Pharmacol 52, 723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lee JK, Lee MK, Yun YP, Kim Y, Kim JS, Kim YS, Kim K, Han SS, Lee CK (2001) Acemannan purified from Aloe vera induces phenotypic and functional maturation of immature dendritic cells Int Immunopharmacol 1, 1275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mapp RK, McCarthy TJ (1970) Assessment of purgative principles in aloes Planta Med 18, 361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Muller SO, Eckert I, Lutz WK, Stopper H (1996) Genotoxicity of the Laxative Drug Components Emodin Aloe-emodin and Danthron in Mammalian-Cells-Topoisomerase-II Mediated. Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology 371, 165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mandal G (l980) Das A Characterization of the polysaccharides of Aloe barbadensis Part I Structure of the D-galactan isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller Carbohydr Res 86, 247

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mebe PP (1987) 2′-p-Methoxycoumaroylaloeresin a C-glucoside from Aloe excelsa Phytochemistry 26, 2646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Makino K, Yagi A, Nishioka I (1974) Constituents of Aloe arborescens var natalensis II Structure of two new aloesin esters Chem Pharm Bull 22, 1565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Manitto P, Speranza G, De Tommasi N, Ortoleva E, Morelli CF (2003) Aloeresin H a new polyketide constituent of Cape aloe Tetrahedron 59, 401

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Meng Y, Yan BZ, Wang HM, Hu GF, Liu FY, Song YG, Liu Y (2004) Complete H-1 and C-13 assignments of 8-C-beta-D[2-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]glucopyranosyl-2-(2-hydroxy)propyl-7-methoxy-5-methylchromone Magn Reson Chem 42, 564

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Nakamura H, Kan T, Kishimoto K, Ikeda K, Amemiya T, Ito K, Watanabe Y (1989) Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric determination of aloe components in skin-care cosmetics Eisei Kagaku 35, 219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Okamura N, Hine N, Tateyama Y, Nakazawa M, Fujioka T, Mihashi K, Yagi A (1997) Three Chromones of Aloe vera Leaves Phytochemistry 45, 1511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Okamura N, Hine N, Harada S, Fujioka T, Mihashi K, Yagi A (1996) Three Chromone Components from Aloe vera Leaves Phytochemistry 43, 492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Oudtshoorn RV, Van MCB (1964) Chemotaxonomic investigations in Asphodeleae and Aloineae Phytochemistry 3, 383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Park MK, Park JH, Shin YG, Choi SM, Choi YS, Kim KH, Lee SK (1997) Chemical Constituents in Aloe barbadensis Arch Pharm Res 20, 88

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Park MK, Park JH, Kim KH, Shin YG, Myoung KM, Lee JH (1995) Chemical Constituents of Aloe capensis Kor J Pharmacogn 26, 244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Park MK, Park JH, Shin YG, Kim WY, Lee JH, Kim KH (1996) Neoaloesin A: A New C-Glucofuranosyl Chromone from Aloe barbadensis Planta Med 62, 363

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Park MK, Park JH, Shin YG, Choi SM, Choi YS, Kim KH, Lee SK (1997) Chemical Constituent of Aloe capensis Arch Pharm Res 20, 194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Park MK, Park JH, Kim NY, Shin YG, Choi YS, Lee JG, Kim KH Lee SK (1998) Analysis of 13 phenolic compounds in aloe species by high performance liquid chromatography Phytochem Analysis 9, 186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Pugh N, Ross SA, ElSohly MA, Pasco DS (2001) Characterization of aloeride, a new high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Aloe vera with potent immunostimulatory activity J Agr Food Chem 49, 1030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rauwald HW, Voetic R (1982) 7-hydroxyaloin: die Leitsubstanz aus Aloe barbadensis in der Ph Eur III Archiv der Pharmazie 315, 477

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Rauwald HW, Beil A (1993(a)) High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and determination of diastereomeric anthrone-C-glycosyls in Cape aloes J Chromatogr 639, 359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Rauwald HW, Beil A (1993(b)) 5-Hydroxyaloin A in the genus Aloe Thin layer chromatographic screening and high performance liquid chromatographic determination Z Naturforsch., C: Biosci 48, 1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Rauwald HW, Sigler A (1994) Simultaneous determination of 18 polyketides typical of Aloe by HPLC and photodiode array detection Phytochemical Analysis 5, 266

    Google Scholar 

  59. Reynolds T (1985) Observations on the phytochemistry of the Aloe leaf-exudate compound Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 90, 179

    Google Scholar 

  60. Rebecca W, Kayser O, Hagels H, Zessin KH, Madundo M. Gamba N (2003) The phytochemical profile and identification of main phenolic compounds from the leaf exudate of Aloe secundiflora by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy Phytochem. Analysis 14, 83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Speranza G, Dada G, Lunazzi L, Gramatica P, Manitto P (1986) Studies on Aloe Part 3 A C-glucosylated 5-methylchromone from Kenya aloe Phytochemistry 25, 2219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Speranza G, Dada G, Lunazzi L, Gramatica P, Manitto P (1986) Studies on Aloe Part 4 Aloenin B a new diglucosylated 6-phenyl-2-pyrone from Kenya Aloe J Nat Prod 49 800

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Suga T, Hirata T, Odan M (1972) Aloenin a new bitter glucoside from Aloe species Chem Lett 7, 547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Suga T, Hirata T, Tori K (1974(a)) Structure of aloenin a bitter glucoside from Aloe species Chem Lett 7, 715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Suga T, Hirata T (1978) Biosynthesis of aloenin in Aloe arborescens var natalensis Bull Chem Soc Jpn 51, 872

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Suga T, Hirata T, Koyama F, Murakami E (1974(b)) Biosynthesis of aloenin in Aloe arborescens var Natalensis Chem Lett 8 873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Suzuki Y, Morita T, Haneda M, Ochi K, Shiba M (1986) Determination by high-performance liquid chromatography and identification of barbaloin in aloe Iyakuhin Kenkyu 17, 984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Speranza G, Martignoti A, Manitto P (1988) Studies on aloe Part 5 Iso-aleoresin A a minor constituent of Cape aloe J Nat Prod 51, 588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Speranza G, Gramatica P, Dada G, Manitto P (1985) Studies on aloe Part 2 Aloeresin C a bitter C,O-diglucoside from Cape aloe Phytochemistry 24, 157l

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Schmidt J, Blitzke T, Masaoud M (2001) Structural investigations of 5-methylchromone glycosides from Aloe species by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry Eur J Mass Spectrom 7, 481

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Saxena VK (2000) 7-hydroxy,6,3′,4′-trimethoxy-5-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl [1→6] glucopyranoside of Aloe vera Journal of the Institution of Chemists 72, 195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Saxena VK, Sharma DN (1998) 5,4′-dihydroxy 6,7,3′,5′-tetramethoxy flavone 5-O-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-[1→6]-O-beta-D-galacto-pyranoside from Aloe barbadensis (leaves) Journal of the Institution of Chemists 70, 179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Turner CE, Williamson DA, Stroud PA, Talley DJ (2004) Evaluation and comparison of commercially available Aloe vera L products using size exclusion chromatography with refractive index and multi-angle laser light scattering detection Int Immunopharmacol 4, 1727

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Tian B, Wang G, Fang H (2001) Study of purification of lectins from species of Aloe Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao 41, 296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. van Heerden FR, Viljoen AM, van Wyk BE (2000) 6’-O-coumaroylaloesin from Aloe castanea — a taxonomic marker for Aloe section Anguialoe Phytochemistry 55, 117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Vargas F, Rivas C, Medrano M (2004) Interaction of emodin aloe-emodin and rhein with human serum albumin A fluorescence spectroscopic study. Toxicol Mech Method 14, 227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Wang HM, Shi W, Xu YK, Wang P, Chen W, Liu Y, Lu MJ, Pa JQ (2003) Isolation and spectral study of 4-methyl-6,8-dihydroxy-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one Magn Reson Chem 41, 301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Wawrznowicz T, Hajnos MW, Mulak-Banaszek K (1994) Isolation of aloine and aloeemodine from Aloe (Liliaceae) by micropreparative TLC J Planar Chromatogr-Mod TLC 7, 315

    Google Scholar 

  79. Wang HM, Shi W, Xu YK, Liu Y, Lu MJ, Pan JQ (2003) Spectral study of a new dihydroisocoumarin Magn Reson Chem 41, 718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wang XP, Ma MX, Shuang SM, Zhang Y, Pan JH (2002) Determination of formation constants for the inclusion complexes between emodin aloe-emodin and cyclodextrins by thin layer chromatography Chinese J Anal Chem30, 38

    Google Scholar 

  81. Wang DX, Yang GL, Song XR, (2001) Determination of pKa values of anthraquinone compounds by capillary electrophoresis Electrophoresis 22, 464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Woo WS, Shin KH, Chung HS, Lee JM, Shim, CS. (1994) Isolation of an aloenin-acetal from aloe Kor J Pharnlacog 25, 307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Xie LQ (2001) Determination of manganese, iron, zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt in aloe by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry Chinese J Anal Chem 29, 489

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Yamamoto M, Masui T, Sugiyama K, Yokota M, Nakagomi K, Nakazawa H (1991) Anti-inflammatory active constituents of Aloe arborescens Miller Agric Biol 5, 1627

    Google Scholar 

  85. Yagi A, Makino K, Nishioka I (1974) Constituents of Aloe saponaria. I; Structures of Tetrahydroanthracene Derivatives and the Related Anthraquinones Chem Pharm Bull: 22, 1159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Yagi A, Makino K, Nishioka I (1977) Studies on the constituents of Aloe saponaria Haw. II; The structures of Tetrahydroanthracene derivatives aloesaponol III and-IV. Chem Pharm Bull 25, 1764

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Yagi A, Makino K, Nishioka I (1977) Studies on the constituents of Aloe saponaria Haw III. The structures of phenol glucosides Chem Pharm Bull 25,1771

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Yagi A, Hine N, Asai M, Nakazawa M, Tateyama Y, Okamura, N., Fujioka T, Mihashi K, Shimomura K (1998) Tetrahydroanthracene glucosides in callus tissue from Aloe barbadensis leaves Phytochemistry 47, 1267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Yagi A, Kanbara T, Morinobu N (1987) Inhibition of mushroom-tyrosinase by Aloe extract Planta Med 53, 515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Yaun A, Kang S, Tan L, Raun B, Fan Y (1991) Isolation and identification of aloesin from the leaves of Aloe vera L var chinensis (Haw) Berger 31, 251

    Google Scholar 

  91. Zhao HC, Feng RQ, Deng XG, Jin LP (1998) Study of the Eu(III)-barbaloin-CTAB system by fluorescence and determination of barbaloin Anal Lett31, 819

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Zonta F, Bogoni P, Masotti P, Micali G (1995) High-performance liquid chromatographic profiles of aloe constituents and determination of aloin in beverages with reference to the EEC regulation for flavoring substances J Chromatogr A 718, 99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Park, J.H., Kwon, S.W. (2006). An epitome of chemical components and low molecular compounds. In: Park, Y.I., Lee, S.K. (eds) New Perspectives on Aloe. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34636-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics