Abstract
A clinically suspected infection is ultimately confirmed by isolation or detection of the infectious agent. Subsequent identification of the microorganism and antibiotic susceptibility tests further guide effective antimicrobial therapy. Bloodstream infection is the most severe form of infection and is frequently life-threatening, and blood culture to detect circulating microorganisms has been the diagnostic standard. Much of the scientific and technologic advances in blood culture were made from the 1970s to the 1990s; this chapter briefly reviews various aspects of blood culture with emphasis on automated culturing systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Archibald, L. K., den Dulk, M. O., Pallangyo, K. J., & Reller, L. B. (1998). Fatal Mycobacterium tuberculosis bloodstream infections in febrile hospitalized adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Clin Infect Dis, 26, 290–6.
Archibald, L. K., McDonald, L. C., Rheanpumikankit, S., Tansuphaswadikul, S., Chaovanich, A., Eampokalap, B., Banerjee, S. N., Reller, L. B., & Jarvis, W. R. (1999). Fever and human immunodeficiency virus infection as sentinels for emerging mycobacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients >/= 15 years old, Bangkok. J Infect Dis, 180, 87–92.
Bannatyne, R. M., Jackson, M. C., & Memish, Z. (1997). Rapid diagnosis of Brucella bacteremia by using the BACTEC 9240 system. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 2673–4.
Cockerill, F. R. 3rd, Wilson, J. W., Vetter, E. A., Goodman, K. M., Torgerson, C. A., Harmsen, W. S., Schleck, C. D., Ilstrup, D. M., Washington, J. A. 2nd, & Wilson, W. R. (2004). Optimal testing parameters for blood cultures. Clin Infect Dis, 38, 1724–30.
Crump, J. A., & Reller, L. B. (2003a). Two decades of disseminated tuberculosis at a university medical center: the expanding role of mycobacterial blood culture. Clin Infect Dis, 37, 1037–43.
Crump, J. A.,Tanner, D. C., Mirrett, S., McKnight, C. M., & Reller, L. B. (2003b). Controlled comparison ofBACTEC13A,MYCO/FLYTIC, BacT/AlertMB,and Isolator 10 systems for detection of mycobacteremia. J Clin Microbiol, 41, 1987–90.
De, I., Jacobson, K. L., & Han, X. Y. (2006). Species and clinical relevance of 80 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria (manuscript in preparation).
Doern, G. V., Davaro, R., George, M., & Campognone, P. (1996). Lack of requirement for prolonged incubation of Septi-Chek blood culture bottles in patients with bacteremia due to fastidious bacteria. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 24, 141–3.
Doern, G. V., Brueggemann, A. B., Dunne, W. M., Jenkins, S. G., Halstead, D. C., & McLaughlin, J. C. (1997). Four-day incubation period for blood culture bottles processed with the Difco ESP blood culture system. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 1290–2.
Doern, G. V., Barton, A., & Rao, S. (1998). Controlled comparative evaluation of BacT/Alert FAN and ESP 80A aerobic media as means for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. J Clin Microbiol, 36, 2686–9.
Grinsztejn, B., Fandinho, F. C., Veloso, V. G., Joao, E. C., Lourenco, M. C., Nogueira, S. A., Fonseca, L. S., & Werneck-Barroso, E. (1997). Mycobacteremia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Intern Med, 157, 2359–63.
Han, X. Y., & Truant, A. L. (1999). The detection of positive blood cultures by the Accumed ESP-384 system: the clinical significance of three day testing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 33, 1–6.
Han, X. Y., Ho, L. X., & Safdar, A. (2004a). Francisella tularensis peritonitis in stomach cancer patient. Emerg Infect Dis, 10(12), 2238–40.
Han, X.Y., Meltzer, M. C., Woods, J. T., & Fainstein, V. (2004b). Endocarditis with ruptured cerebral aneurysm caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol, 42, 1590–5.
Inderlied, C. B., Kemper, C. A., & Bermudez, L. M. (1993). The Mycobacterium avium complex. Clin Microbiol Rev, 6, 266–310.
Jorgensen, J. H., Mirrett, S., McDonald, L. C., Murray, P. R., Weinstein, M. P., Fune, J., Trippy, C. W., Masterson, M., & Reller, L. B. (1997). Controlled clinical laboratory comparison of BACTEC plus aerobic/F resin medium with BacT/Alert aerobic FAN medium for detection of bacteremia and fungemia. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 53–8.
McDonald, L. C., Fune, J., Gaido, L. B., Weinstein, M. P., Reimer, L. G., Flynn, T. M., Wilson, M. L., Mirrett, S., & Reller, L. B. (1996). Clinical importance of increased sensitivity of BacT/Alert FAN aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles. J Clin Microbiol, 34, 2180–4.
McDonald, L. C., Weinstein, M. P., Fune, J., Mirrett, S., Reimer, L. G., & Reller, L. B. (2001). Controlled comparison of BacT/Alert FAN aerobic medium and BACTEC fungal blood culture medium for detection of fungemia. J Clin Microbiol, 39, 622–4.
Mirrett, S., Weinstein, M. P., Reimer, L. G., Wilson, M. L., & Reller, L. B. (2001). Relevance of the number of positive bottles in determining clinical significance of coagulasenegative staphylococci in blood cultures. J Clin Microbiol, 39, 3279–81.
Mirrett, S., Reller, L. B., Petti, C. A., Woods, C. W., Vazirani, B., Sivadas, R., & Weinstein, M. P. (2003). Controlled clinical comparison of BacT/Alert standard aerobic medium with BACTEC standard aerobic medium for culturing blood. J Clin Microbiol, 41, 2391–4.
Raad, I. I., Vartivarian, S., Khan, A., & Bodey, G. P. (1991). Catheter-related infections caused by the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex: 15 cases and review. Rev Infect Dis, 13, 1120–5.
Reimer, L. G., Wilson, M. L., & Weinstein, M. P. (1997). Update on detection of bacteremia and fungemia. Clin Microbiol Rev, 10, 444–65.
Weinstein, M. P. (1996). Current blood culture methods and systems: clinical concepts, technology, and interpretation of results. Clin Infect Dis, 23, 40–6.
Weinstein, M. P. (2003). Blood culture contamination: persisting problems and partial progress. J Clin Microbiol, 41, 2275–8.
Weinstein, M. P., & Reller, L. B. (2002). Commercial blood culture systems and methods. In: Truant, A. L., ed. Manual of Commercial Methods in Clinical Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, D C, pp. 12–21.
Weinstein, M. P., Towns, M. L., Quartey, S. M., Mirrett, S., Reimer, L. G., Parmigiani, G, & Reller, L. B. (1997). The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin Infect Dis, 24, 584–602.
Welby-Sellenriek, P. L., Keller, D. S., Ferrett, R. J, & Storch, G. A. (1997). Comparison of the BacT/Alert FAN aerobic and the Difco ESP 80A aerobic bottles for pediatric blood cultures. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 1166–71.
Wilson, M. L. (1997). Clinically relevant, cost-effective clinical microbiology. Strategies to decrease unnecessary testing. Am J Clin Pathol, 107, 154–67.
Wilson, M. L., Mirrett, S., Meredith, F. T., Weinstein, M. P., Scotto, V., & Reller LB. (2001). Controlled clinical comparison of BACTEC plus anaerobic/F to standard anaerobic/F as the anaerobic companion bottle to plus aerobic/F medium for culturing blood from adults. J Clin Microbiol, 39, 983–9.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
HAN, X.Y. (2006). Automated Blood Cultures. In: Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32892-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32892-0_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-29741-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-32892-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)