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Perinatal Programming of Adult Metabolic Homeostasis

Lessons From Experimental Studies

  • Chapter
Early Life Origins of Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 573))

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Abstract

Poor fetal growth and associated neonatal catch-up growth are independent risk factors for metabolic disease in later life. Epidemiological studies in humans consistently show associations of small size at birth and later glucose intolerance and/or diabetes. A primary defect is thought to be insulin resistance, which is associated with both small size at birth and neonatal catch-up growth. The available evidence suggests that this resistance may result from a signalling defect downstream of the insulin receptor in peripheral tissues. Recent evidence also suggests that insulin secretion may be impaired in the individual who was small at birth. Most of the contemporary data in humans relates later outcomes to size at birth rather than to specific exposures. Experimental models that restrict fetal growth or produce variation in size at birth have therefore been used to explore these associations between small size at birth, neonatal catch-up growth and later metabolic disease. In this chapter we will review what has been learnt from human and experimental studies about the mechanistic basis for poor metabolic homeostasis following restricted fetal growth and neonatal catch-up growth, and comment on future directions in this area.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia

    Kathryn L. Gatford

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia

    Miles J. De Blasio & Karen L. Kind

  3. Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia

    Miodrag Dodic

  4. Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia

    Dane M. Horton

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  1. Kathryn L. Gatford
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  2. Miles J. De Blasio
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  3. Miodrag Dodic
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  4. Dane M. Horton
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  5. Karen L. Kind
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Correspondence to Kathryn L. Gatford .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    E. Marelyn Wintour

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia

    Julie A. Owens

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Gatford, K.L., De Blasio, M.J., Dodic, M., Horton, D.M., Kind, K.L. (2006). Perinatal Programming of Adult Metabolic Homeostasis. In: Wintour, E.M., Owens, J.A. (eds) Early Life Origins of Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 573. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32632-4_13

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