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Behavior Modification

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Oncology

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Abstract

There is no question at this point in our medical knowledge that health behaviors play a prominent role in morbidity and mortality from cancer and other diseases. The seminal paper by McGinnis and Foege “Actual causes of death in the United States” in 1993 did a great deal to put health behaviors on the map as significant public health problems. In their analysis, the authors concluded that approximately half of all deaths are due to health behaviors. The three most prominent behaviors in their analysis, tobacco (19%), diet and physical activity patterns (14%), and alcohol (5%), could be linked to more than one-third of all deaths in 1990.1 A reanalysis of the same question reached basically the same conclusions using data from the year 2000.2 This chapter takes a similar examination of the available evidence for the most common health behaviors that are implicated as contributing to cancer. We focus the analysis on tobacco use, diet, physical activity, being overweight, and sun exposure, as each is quite common and has been the subject of significant study. For each behavior, this chapter discusses one or more cancers with which the behavior is purported to be associated, yet the discussion focuses on behaviors, rather than cancers. For each behavior, this chapter examines (1) the evidence linking changes in the health behaviors to reducing cancer morbidity and mortality, (2) the effectiveness of physician counseling as a commonly used method of behavior modification, (3) the recommendations of professional groups regarding what individuals can do to improve these health behaviors, and (4) methods for improving the quality of physician counseling for behavior modification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Health/Psychiatry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Christopher N. Sciamanna MD, MPH (Assistant Professor)

Authors
  1. Christopher N. Sciamanna MD, MPH
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Surgery Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD (Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery and Chief) (Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery and Chief)

  2. Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Daniel F. Hayes MD (Clinical Director) (Clinical Director)

  3. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD (Professor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery and Head) (Professor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery and Head)

  4. Thoracic Oncology, New York University School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD (Professor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery and Head) (Professor and Chief of Thoracic Surgery and Head)

  5. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, USA

    Richard M. Stone MD (Associate Professor and Clinical Director) (Associate Professor and Clinical Director)

  6. Adult Leukemia Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA

    Richard M. Stone MD (Associate Professor and Clinical Director) (Associate Professor and Clinical Director)

  7. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, USA

    Patricia A. Ganz MD (American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor, Director and Professor) (American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor, Director and Professor)

  8. Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Patricia A. Ganz MD (American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor, Director and Professor) (American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor, Director and Professor)

  9. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Timothy J. Kinsella MD (Vincent K. Smith Professor and Chairman) (Vincent K. Smith Professor and Chairman)

  10. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA

    Joan H. Schiller MD (Melanie Heald Professor of Medical Oncology) (Melanie Heald Professor of Medical Oncology)

  11. Health Media Research Laboratory, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, USA

    Victor J. Strecher PhD, MPH (Professor and Director and Associate Director) (Professor and Director and Associate Director)

  12. Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Victor J. Strecher PhD, MPH (Professor and Director and Associate Director) (Professor and Director and Associate Director)

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Sciamanna, C.N. (2006). Behavior Modification. In: Chang, A.E., et al. Oncology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31056-8_26

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