Summary
Shock, by definition, is a clinical syndrome that develops due to inadequate tissue perfusion. Hypoperfusion results in insufficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients for metabolism, leading to severe vital organ dysfunction. Untreated or undertreated shock may result in multiple organ failure and death. Patients enter into the shock state due to hypovolemia, trauma, sepsis, cardiac dysfunction, or severe neurologic compromise. The physician’s role in patient management is to ensure adequate hemodynamic support first (airway, breathing, circulation), followed by an aggressive search for the etiology of shock. With few exceptions, the first inotrope, the first pressor, should be fluid.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Selected Readings
Abou Khalil B, Scalea T, et al. Hemodynamic responses to shock in young trauma patients: the need for invasive monitoring. Crit Care Med 1994; 22(4):633–639.
Cobb J, Perren. Critical care: a system-oriented approach. In: Norton JA, Bollinger RR, Chang AE, et al, eds. Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001.
Ivanov R, Allen J, et al. Pumonary artery catheterization: narrative and systematic critique of randomized controlled trials and recommendations for the future. New Horizons 1997;5(3):268–276.
Leibovici L, Drucker M, et al. Septic shock in bacteremic patients: risk factors, features and prognosis. Scand J Infect Dis 1997;20:71–75.
Leibowitz A, Beilin Y. Pulmonary artery catheters and outcome in the perioperative period. New Horizons 1997;5(3):214–221.
McMahon D, Schwab C, et al. Comorbidity and the elderly trauma patient. World J Surg 1996;20:1113–1120.
Nathens AB, Maier RV. Shock and resuscitation. In: Norton JA, Bollinger RR, Chang AE, et al, eds. Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001.
Parker M, Peruzzi W. Pulmonary artery catheters in sepsis/septic shock. New Horizons 1997;5(3):228–232.
Reviewers CIGA. Human albumin administration in critically ill patient: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Br Med J 1998;317:235–240.
Scalea T, Simon H, et al. Geriatric blunt multitrauma: improved survival with early invasive monitoring. J Trauma 1990;30(2):129–134.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Braxton, C., Martin Perez, J. (2005). Shock. In: Lowry, S.F., Ciocca, R.G., Rettie, C.S., Vodarsik, M. (eds) Learning Surgery. Springer, New York, NY . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28310-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28310-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-22583-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-28310-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)