Abdominal Masses: Solid Organs and Gastrointestinal

Summary

A patient who presents with a palpable abdominal mass, without signs or symptoms of obstruction or bleeding, probably has a mass arising from the liver, pancreas, spleen, or retroperitoneum. In certain circumstances, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, or renal masses can be responsible. A focused history and physical exam, combined with appropriate imaging studies, can help the student identify the anatomic origin of the mass. In addition, a general classification of the mass as neoplastic, infectious, or inflammatory usually can be made. Malignant neoplastic masses usually require surgical resection for cure. Some benign neoplasms also require resection, while others safely can be observed. Infectious masses most often are treated with antibiotics, although undrained purulent collections usually require percutaneous drainage. In all cases, the physician should bear in mind that vascular masses, such as an abdominal aortic aneurysm, may require emergency repair rather than extended workup.