Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Adherence and Postural Control: A Biomechanical Analysis of Transient Push Efforts

  • Chapter
Motor Control and Learning

  • 4107 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the question of the interface between the body and its physical environment, namely adherence and friction. First, a short survey of literature is presented and some basic statements on adherence reviewed. They help define the adherence constraints associated with different motor tasks. Then, a new paradigm is presented, the transient push paradigm, which offers manifold facilities. In particular, it makes it possible: i) to exert transient external force in the absence of external movement; ii) to divide the body into a focal and a postural chain; and iii) to manipulate the surface contacts between the body and its supports, without perturbing body balance.

The chapter is documented with recent results on transient isometric pushes performed under two conditions of surface contact. A biomechanical model is presented. Based on an experimental recording of the main terms of the model, it is concluded that transient muscular effort induces dynamics of the postural chain. These observations support the view that there is a postural counter-perturbation, which is associated with motor acts. Changing ischio-femoral contact has been proven to modify postural chain mobility, which appears to be a key factor of performance.

The influence of adherence was considered from the adherence ratio, that is, μ = RT/RN (with μ being the adherence ratio, RT and RN, the instantaneous tangential and normal reactions at the contact surface). It was found to evolve, during the course of the effort, up to a certain value, which is close to the coefficient of friction to within a security margin, at the seat contact surface, at least. Lastly, the adherence effects on motor programming are highlighted, and the possibility of considering the centre of pressure as the postural control variable is discussed. It is proposed that the instantaneous adherence ratio, with reference to the coefficient of friction, might be one of the rules for controlling muscle activation to accomplish voluntary efforts, when there is the risk of loosing balance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexandrov AV, Frolov AA, Massion J (2001) Biomechanical analysis of movement strategies in human forward trunk bending. I. Modeling. Biol Cybern., 84: 425–434.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • André-Thomas (1940) Equilibre et équilibration. Paris: Masson et Cie., 1–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aruin AS, Latash ML (1995a) The role of motor action in anticipatory postural adjustments studied with self-induced and externally triggered perturbations. Exp Brain Res 106: 291–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aruin AS, Latash ML (1995b) Directional specificity of postural muscles in feed-forward postural reactions during fast voluntary arm movements. Exp Brain Res 103: 323–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein N (1967) The Co-ordination and regulation of Movements. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouisset S and Le Bozec S (2002) Posturo-kinetic capacity and postural function in voluntary movements. In Latash, ML (Ed): Progress in Motor Control, volume II: Structure-Function Relations in Voluntary Movements. Human Kinetics. Chapter 3: 25–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouisset S, Le Bozec S, and Ribreau C, (2002) Postural dynamics in maximal isometric ramp efforts. Biol. Cybern. 87: 211–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouisset S, Zattara M (1981) A sequence of postural movements precedes voluntary movement. Neurosci Lett 22:263–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouisset S, Zattara M (1983) Anticipatory postural movements related to a voluntary movement. In Space Physiology, Cepadues Pubs, 137–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsöö S (1962) A method for studying walking on different surfaces. Ergonomics, 5: 271–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordo PJ, Nashner LM (1982) Properties of postural movements related to a voluntary movement. J Neurophysiol 47: 287–303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corcos DM, Agarwal GC, Flaherty BP, Gottlieb GL (1990) Organizing Principles for Single-Joint Movements. IV. Implications for Isometric Contractions. J Neurophysiol 64: 1033–1042.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Koning JJ, Van Ingen Schenau GJ (2000) Performance-Determining factors in speed skating. In Biomechanics in sports, IX (Zatsiorsky VM, ed.). 232–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan JR, Wing AM (1995) The stability of precision grip forces during cyclic arm movements with a handheld load. Exp. Brain Res, 105: 455–464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedli WG, Cohen L, Hallett M, Stanhope S, Simon SR (1988) Postural adjustments associated with rapid voluntary armmovements. II. Biomechanical analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 51: 232–243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaudez C, Le Bozec S, Richardson J (2003) Environmental constraints on force production during maximal ramp efforts. Archiv Physiol Biochem 111: 41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaughran GRL. Dempster WT (1956) Force analyses of horizontal two-handed pushes and pulls in the sagittal plane. Human Biol 28: 67–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand IM, Gurfinkel VS, Tsetlin ML, Shik ML (1966) Problems in analysis of movements. In Gelfand IM, Gurfinkel VS, Fomin SV and Tsetlin ML (Eds). Models of the structural functional organisation of certain biological systems (American translation, 1971) 330–345. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghez C, Gordon J (1987) Trajectory control in targeted force impulses. I. Role of opposing muscles. Exp Brain Res 67: 225–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghez C, Gordon J, Ghilardi MF (1995) Impairments of reaching movements in patients without proprioception. I. Spatial errors. J Neurophysiol 73:347–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon J, Ghez C (1987) Trajectory control in targeted force impulses. II. Pulse height control. Exp Brain Res 67:241–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grieve DW(1979) Environmental constraints on the static exertion of force: PSD analysis in task design. Ergonomics 22: 1165–1175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horak FB, MacPherson JM (1995) Postural orientation and equilibrium. Handbook of Physiology. Oxford University Press, New York, 255–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson RS, Westling G (1984) Roles of glabrous skin receptors and sensorimotor memory in automatic precision grip when lifting rougher or more slippery objects. Exp Brain Res 56: 550–564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson RS, Westling G (1987) Signals in tactile afferents from the fingers eliciting adaptive motor responses during precision grip. Exp Brain Res 66(1):141–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroemer KHB (1974) Horizontal push and pull forces exertable when standing in working positions on various surfaces. Applied Ergonomics 5: 94–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latash ML (1993) Control of Human Movement. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Il 1–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacquaniti F. Maioli C (1994) Coordinate transformations in the control of cat posture. J Neurophysiol 72: 1496–1515.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacquaniti F. Maioli C (1994) Independent control of limb position and contact forces in cat posture. J Neurophysiol 72: 1476–1495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanshammar H, Strandberg L (1981) The dynamics of slipping accidents. J Occup Accid 3: 153–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Bozec S, Bouisset S (2004) Does postural chain mobility influence muscular control in sitting ramp pushes? Exp Brain Res 158: 427–437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Bozec S, Goutal L, Bouisset S (1996). Are dynamic adjustments associated with isometric ramp efforts? In Gantchev G.N., Gurfinkel V.S., Stuart D., Wiesendanger M., Mori S. (Eds). Motor Control Symposium VIII, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 140–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Bozec S. Goutal L. Bouisset S (1997) Dynamic postural adjustments associated with the development of isometric forces in sitting subjects. CR Acad Sci Paris 320: 715–720.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Bozec S, Lesne J, Bouisset S (2001) Asequence of postural muscle excitations precedes and accompanies isometric ramp efforts performed while sitting. Neurosci Lett 303:72–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WA, Patton JL (1997) Learned changes in the complexity of movement organization during multijoint, standing pulls. Biol Cybern 77: 197–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lino F, Duchêne JL, Bouisset S (1992) Effect of seat contact area on the velocity of a pointing task. In Bellotti P. Capozzo A (eds) Biomechanics, Universita La Sapienza, Rome, 232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lino F (1995) Analyse biomécanique des effets de modifications des conditions d’appui sur l’organisation d’une tâche de pointage exécutée en posture assise. Thèse de Doctorat d’Université, Orsay, 1–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macpherson JM. (1988) Strategies that simplify the control of quadrupal stance. I Forces at the ground. J Neurophysiol 60: 204–217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macpherson JM (1988) Strategies that simplify the control of quadrupal stance. II Electromyographic activity. J Neurophysiol 60: 218–231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macpherson JM (1991) How flexible are synergies? In Humphrey DR. Freund HJ (eds) Motor Control Concepts and Issues, 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nigg B (1986) Biomechanics of running shoes. Human kinetics Pub., Champaign, Il. 1–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strandberg L (1983) On accident analysis and slip-resistance measurement. Ergonomics 26: 11–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tisserand M (1985) Progress in the prevention of falls caused by slipping. Ergonomics 28: 1027–1042.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandervael F (1956) Analyse des mouvements du corps humain. Paris: Maloine. 1–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westling G, Johansson RS (1984) Factors influencing the force control during precision grip. Exp Brain Res 53(2):277–284.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitney RJ (1957) The strength of the lifting action in man. Ergonomics 1: 101–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing AM (1996) Anticipatory control of grip force in rapid arm movement. In Wing AM, Haggard P, Flanagan JR (Ed). Academic Press, London. 301–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing AM, Haggard P, Flanagan JR (1996) Hand and brain. The neurophysiology and psychology of hand movements. Academic Press, London. 1–513.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Physiologie du Mouvement, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France

    Simon Bouisset & Serge Le Bozec

  2. U731 Inserm / UPMC, France

    Serge Le Bozec

  3. Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires, Université Paris 12 — Val de Marne, 94010, Creteil, France

    Christian Ribreau

Authors
  1. Simon Bouisset
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Serge Le Bozec
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christian Ribreau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Pennsylvania State University, USA

    Mark L. Latash

  2. Université De Caen Basse-Normandie, France

    Francis Lestienne

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bouisset, S., Le Bozec, S., Ribreau, C. (2006). Adherence and Postural Control: A Biomechanical Analysis of Transient Push Efforts. In: Latash, M.L., Lestienne, F. (eds) Motor Control and Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28287-4_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28287-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-25390-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-28287-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation