Overview of Ecological Responses to the Eruption of Mount St. Helens: 1980–2005

The sensational 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the subsequent ecological responses are the most thoroughly studied volcanic eruption in theworld. The posteruption landscape was remarkable, and nearly a quarter century of study has provided a wealth of information and insight on a broad spectrum of ecological and physical responses to disturbance. The eruption and its effects on ecological and geophysical systems have many dimensions: a complex eruption affected an intricate landscape containing forests, meadows, lakes, and streams populated by diverse fauna and flora. This complexity created a rich environment and an exemplary living laboratory for study. Because the volcano is in close proximity to major metropolitan areas, scientists were able to perform reconnaissance trips and establish a network of permanent plots within days to months of the eruption. These early observations enabled scientists to assess the initial impacts of the eruption, which was important in understanding the subsequent quarter century of invasion and succession.