Abstract
Characterization and synthetic generation of streaming access workloads are fundamentally important to the evaluation of Internet streaming delivery systems. GISMO is a toolkit for the generation of synthetic streaming media objects and workloads that capture a number of characteristics empirically verified by recent measurement studies. These characteristics include object popularity, temporal correlation of request, seasonal access patterns, user session durations, user interactivity times, and variable bit rate (VBR) self-similarity and marginal distributions. The embodiment of these characteristics in Gismo enables the generation of realistic and scalable request streams for use in benchmarking and comparative evaluation of Internet streaming media delivery techniques. To demonstrate the usefulness of Gismo, we present a case study that shows the importance of various workload characteristics in evaluating the bandwidth requirements of proxy caching and server patching techniques.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Acharya, Soam and Smith, Brian (1998). An experiment to characterize videos stored on the Web. In Proceedings of MMCN.
Acharya, Soam, Smith, Brian, and Parns, Peter (2000). Characterizing user access to videos on the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of MMCN.
Aggarwal, Charu C., Wolf, Joel L., and Yu, Philip S. (1996). On optimal batching policies for video-on-demand storage servers. In Proceedings of ICMCS.
Almeida, Jussara, Krueger, Jeffrey, Eager, Derek, and Vernon, Mary (2001). Analysis of educational media server workloads. In Proceedings of NOSSDAV.
Almeida, Virgilio, Bestavros, Azer, Crovella, Mark, and de Oliveira, Adriana (1996). Characterizing reference locality in the WWW. In Proceedings of PDIS.
Arlitt, Martin and Williamson, Carey (1996). Web server workload characteristics: The search for invariants. In Proceedings of SIGMETRICS.
Barford, Paul, Bestavros, Azer, Bradley, Adam, and Crovella, Mark (1999). Changes in Web client access patterns: Characteristics and caching implications. World Wide Web, 2(l):15–28.
Barford, Paul and Crovella, Mark (1998). Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation. In Proceedings of SIGMETRICS.
Breslau, Lee, Cao, Pei, Fan, Li, Phillips, Graham, and Shenker, Scott (1999). Web caching and Zipf-like distributions: Evidence and implications. In Proceedings of INFOCOM.
Carter, S. W. and Long, D. D. E. (1997). Improving video-on-demand server efficiency through stream tapping. In Proceedings of ICCCN.
Cherkasova, Ludmila and Gupta, Minaxi (2002). Characterizing locality, evolution, and life span of accesses in enterprise media server workloads. In Proceedings of NOSSDAV.
Chesire, Maureen, Wolman, Alec, Voelker, Geoff, and Levy, Henry (2001). Measurement and analysis of a streaming workload. In Proceedings of USITS.
Costa, Cristiano P., Cunha, Italo S., Borges, Alex, Ramos, Claudiney Vander, Rocha, Marcus M., Almeida, Jussara M., and Ribeiro-Neto, Berthier A. (2004). Analyzing client interactivity in streaming media. In Proceedings of WWW Conference.
Crovella, Mark and Bestavros, Azer (1996). Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: Evidence and possible causes. In Proceedings of SIGMETRICS.
Cunha, Carlos, Bestavros, Azer, and Crovella, Mark (1995). Characteristics of WWW client-based traces. Technical Report BU-CS-95-010, Computer Science Department, Boston University.
Eager, Derek, Vernon, Mary, and Zahorjan, John (2001). Minimizing bandwidth requirements for on-demand data delivery. IEEE Transactions on Data and Knowledge Engineering, 13.
Gao, Lixin and Towsley, Don (1999). Supplying instantaneous video-on-demand services using controlled multicast. In Proceedings of ICMCS.
Garrett, Mark W. and Willinger, Walter (1994). Analysis, modeling and generation of self-similar VBR video traffic. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM.
Gribble, Steven D. and Brewer, Eric A. (1997). System design issues for Internet middleware services: Deductions from a large client trace. In Proceedings of USITS.
Harel, Nissim, Vellanki, Vivekanand, Chervenak, Ann, Abowd, Gregory, and Ramachandran, Umakishore (1999). Workload of a media-enhanced classroom server. In Proceedings of Workshop on Workload Characterization.
Hua, Kien A., Cai, Ying, and Sheu, Simon (1998). Patching: A multicast technique for true video-on-demand services. In Proceedings of ACM MULTIMEDIA.
Jin, Shudong and Bestavros, Azer (2000). Temporal locality in Web request streams: Sources, characteristics, and caching implication (poster). In Proceedings of SIGMETRICS.
Jin, Shudong and Bestavros, Azer (2001). GISMO: Generator of Streaming Media Objects and Workloads. Performance Evaluation Review, 29(3).
Jin, Shudong and Bestavros, Azer (2002). Scalability of multicast delivery for non-sequential streaming access. In Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS.
Jin, Shudong, Bestavros, Azer, and Iyengar, Arun (2002). Accelerating Internet streaming media delivery using network-aware partial caching. In Proceedings of IEEE ICDCS.
Lau, W.-C., Erramilli, A., Wang, J. L., and Willinger, W. (1995). Self-similar traffic generation: The random midpoint displacement algorithm and its properties. In Proceedings of ICC.
Leland, Will E., Taqqu, Murad S., Willinger, Walter, and Wilson, Daniel V. (1994). On the self-similar nature of ethernet traffic (extended version). IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 2(l).
Li, Mingzhe, Claypool, Mark, Kinicki, Robert, and Nichols, James (2005). Characteristics of streaming media stored on the web. To appear in ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT).
Luperello, Dario, Mukherjee, Sarit, and Paul, Sanjoy (2001). Streaming media traffic: An empirical study. In Proceedings of Web Caching Workshop.
Padhye, J. and Kurose, J. (1998). An empirical study of client interactions with a continuous-media courseware server. In Proceedings of NOSSDAV.
Padmanabhan, Venkata N. and Qiu, Lili (2000). The content and access dynamics of a busy Web site: Findings and implications. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM.
Paxson, V. (1997). tFast, approximate synthesis of fractional gaussian noise for generat ing self-similar network traffic. Computer Communication Review, 27:5–18.
SPECweb96 Benchmark (1996). The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. Available at http://www.spec.org/osg/web96/.
Tang, Wenting, Fu, Yun, Cherkasova, Ludmila, and Vahdat, Amin (2003). Medisyn: A synthetic streaming media service workload generator. In Proceedings of NOSSDAV.
van der Merwe, Jacobus, Sen, Subhabrata, and Kalmanek, Charles (2002). Streaming video traffic: Characterization and network impact. In Proceedings of Web Caching Workshop.
Veloso, Eveline, Almeida, Virgilio, Meira, Wagner, Bestavros, Azer, and Jin, Shudong (2002). A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Workshop.
Zipf, George Kingsley (1929). Relative Frequency as a Determinant of Phonetic Change. Reprinted from Harvard Studies in Classical Philiology, XL.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jin, S., Bestavros, A. (2005). Generating Internet Streaming Media Objects and Workloads. In: Tang, X., Xu, J., Chanson, S.T. (eds) Web Content Delivery. Web Information Systems Engineering and Internet Technologies Book Series, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27727-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27727-7_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-24356-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-27727-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)