Abstract
Following World War II, during which the United States (aided by Britain) developed and used atomic bombs, other countries undertook their own nuclear-weapon programs. The first successful international agreement to control the spread of nuclear weapons came after President Dwight Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” proposal, made in 1953, under which the United States would aid countries in their pursuit of peaceful applications of nuclear energy while withholding the technology needed for weapons.1 This proposal eventually led to the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1957, with the dual role of promoting peaceful nuclear uses and establishing safeguards, including inspections, to prevent this aid from being used to develop nuclear weapons. The IAEA submits reports to the United Nations but is not an agency of the United Nations. It receives financial support from its 136 member states. The members include virtually all countries with current or prospective nuclear activities, with exception of North Korea, which withdrew its IAEA membership in June 1994.2
Relatively recent summaries of efforts to control the spread of nuclear weapons are given by Richard Garwin and Georges Charpak in Megawatts and Megatons [1] and by Robert Mozley in The Politics and Technology of Nuclear Proliferation [2].
Current listings of IAEA membership are posted on the IAEA website at [http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/About/Profile/member.html].
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(2004). Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. In: Nuclear Energy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26931-2_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26931-2_18
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