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Theory of Organelle Biogenesis

A Historical Perspective

  • Chapter
The Biogenesis of Cellular Organelles

Part of the book series: Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit ((MBIU))

Abstract

Organelles, defined as intracellular membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells, were described from the early days of light microscopy and the development of cell theory in the 19th century. During the 20th century, electron microscopy and subcellular fractionation enabled the discovery of additional organelles and, together with radiolabel-ling, allowed the first modern experiments on their biogenesis. Over the past 30 years, the development of cell-free systems and the use of yeast genetics have together established the major pathways of delivery of newly synthesised proteins to organelles and the vesicular traffic system used to transfer cargo between organelles in the secretory and endocytic pathways. Mechanisms of protein sorting, retrieval and retention have been described and give each organelle its characteristic composition. Insights have been gained into the mechanisms by which complex organelle morphology can be established. Organelle biogenesis includes the process of organelle inheritance by which organelles are divided between daughter cells during mitosis. Two inheritance strategies have been described, stochastic and ordered, which are not mutually exclusive. Among the major challenges of the future are the need to understand the role of self-organization in ensuring structural stability and the mechanisms by which a cell senses the status of its organelles and regulates their biogenesis.

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  1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

    Barbara M. Mullock Ph.D. & J. Paul Luzio Ph.D.

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Mullock, B.M., Luzio, J.P. (2005). Theory of Organelle Biogenesis. In: The Biogenesis of Cellular Organelles. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26867-7_1

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