Skip to main content

Clostridium difficile-associated Disease

  • Conference paper
Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2005

Part of the book series: EN]Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((volume 2005))

  • 622 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hall JC, O'Toole E (1935) Intestinal flora in new-born infants with a description of a new pathogenic anaerobe, Bacillus difficilis. Am J Dis Child 49:390–402

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wilcox MH, Cunniffe JG, Trundle C, Redpath C (1996) Financial burden of hospital acquired Ciostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 34:23–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ward PB, Young GP (1997) Dynamics of Clostridium difficile infection. Control using diet. Adv Exp Med Biol 412:63–75

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kato H, Kato N, Watanabe K, et al (1998) Identification of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 36:2178–2182

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rolfe RD (1988) Asymptomatic intestinal colonization by Clostridium difficile. In: Rolfe RD, Finegold SM (eds) Clostridium Difficile. Its Role in Intestinal Disease. Academic Press Inc, London, pp 201–225

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wongwanish S, Pongpech P, Dhiraoutra C, et al (2001) Characteristics of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from asymptomatic individuals and from diarrheal patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 7:438–441

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Marteau P, Sobhani I, Beretta O, et al (1991) Physiopathologie des infections intestinales dues á Clostridium difficile. Rôle de l'écosystème colique. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 15:322–329

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Johnson S, Hofmann SR, Bettin KM (1992) Treatment of asymptomatic C. Difficile carriers with vancomycine or metronidazole. Ann Intern Med 117:297–302

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Barlett JG (1998) Pseudomembranous enterocolitis and antibiotic-associated colitis. In: Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS (eds) Gastrointestinal Disease, 6th edition. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1633–1647

    Google Scholar 

  10. McFarland LV (1991) The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. Gastroenterol Int 4:82–85

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bignardi GE (1998) Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 40:1–15

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wistrom J, Norrby SR, Myhre EB, et al (2001) Frequency of antibiotic associated diarrhea in 2462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 47:43–50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Shim JK, Johnson S, Samore MH, et al (1998) Primary symptomless colonisation by Clostridium difficile and decreased risk of subsequent diarrhea. Lancet 351:633–636

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bliss DZ, Johnson S, Savik K, Clabots CR, Willard K, Gerding DN (1998) Acquisition of Clostridium difficile and Clostridum difficile associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients receiving tube feeding. Ann Intern Med 129:1012–1019

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cunningham R, Dale B, Undy B, Gaunt N (2003) Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile. J Hosp Infect 54:243–245

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. McFarland LV, Mulligan ME, Kwok RYY, et al (1989) Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 320:204–210

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mc Farland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, et al (1994) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulaardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile. JAMA 271:1913–1918

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kyne L, Warny M, Qamar A, Kelly CP (2000) Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of Ig G antibody against toxin A. N Engl J Med 342:390–397

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Krivan HC, Clark GF, Smith DF (1986) Cell surface binding site for Clostridium difficile enterotoxin: evidence for a glycoconjugate containing the sequence Gal3 Gal1-4GlcNac. Infect Immun 53:573–581

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Moore R, Pothoulakis C, LaMont JT (1990) Clostridium difficile toxin A increases intestinal permeability and induces Cl-secretion. Am J Physiol 259:G165–172

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hecht G, Pothoulakis C, LaMont JT, Madara JL (1988) Clostridium difficile toxin A perturbs cytoskeletal structure and tight junction permeability of cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers. J Clin Invest 82:1516–1524

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Just I (1998) Clostridium difficile. In: Rampal P, Boquet P (eds) Recent Advances In the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Infections. John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, pp 135–142

    Google Scholar 

  23. Chaves-Olarte E, Weidmann M, von Eichel-Streiber C, et al (1997) Toxins A and B from Clostridium difficile differ with respect to enzymatic potencies, cellular substrate specificities and surface binding to cultured cells. J Clin Invest 100:1734–1741

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Souza MLHP, Meio-Filho AA, Rocha MFG, et al (1997) The involvment of macrophage-derived tumor-necrosis factor and lipooxygenase products on the neutrophil recruitment induced by Clostridium difficile toxin B. Immunology 91:281–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Just I, Wilm M, Selzer J, et al (1995) The enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile monoglyco-sylates the Rho proteins. J Biol Chem 270:13932–13936

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Branka JE, Vallette G, Tarry A, et al (1997) Early functional effects of Clostridium difficile toxin A on human colonocytes. Gastroenterology 132:1887–1894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Marteau P (1996) Clostridium difficile: clinical spectrum with emphasis on atypical clinical presentations. In: Rambaud JC, LaMont JT (eds) Updates on Clostridium difficile. Springer, Paris, pp 6–14

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mogg GAG, Keighley MRB, Burdon DW, et al (1979) Antibiotic-associated colitis. A review of 66 cases. Br J Surg 66:738–742

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Triadafilopoulos G, Hallstone AE (1991) Acute abdomen as the first presentation of pseudo-membranous colitis. Gastroenterology 101:685–691

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Barbut F, Corthier G, Charpak Y, et al (1996) Prevalence and pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med 156:1449–1454

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lavergne A, Galian A (1990) Clostridium difficile et anatomie pathologique. In: Rambaud JC, Ducluzeau R (eds) Clostridium Difficile et Pathologie Intestinale. Springer, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  32. Tedesco FJ (1979) Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with negative proctosigmoioscopic examination. Gastroenterology 77:225–227

    Google Scholar 

  33. Talbot RW, Walker RC, Beart RW (1986) Changing epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Clostridium difficile toxin associated colitis. Br J Surg 73:457–460

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wolf LE, Gorbach SL, Granowitz EV, et al (1998) Extraintestinal Clostridium difficile 10 years experience at a tertiary care hospital. Mayo Clin Proc 73:934–937

    Google Scholar 

  35. Putterman C, Rubinow A (1993) Reactive arthritis associated with Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Semin Arthr Rheum 22:420–426

    Google Scholar 

  36. Fekety R, Mc Farland LV, Surawicz CM, et al (1997) Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea: characteristics of and risk factors for patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Clin Infect Dis 24:324–333

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wenisch C, Parschalk B, Hasenhundl M, Hirsch AM, Graninger W (1996) Comparison of vancomycin, teicoplanin, metronidazole, and fusidic acid for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 22:813–818

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Church JM, Fazio VW (1986) A role for colonic stasis in the pathogenesis of disease related to Clostridium difficile. Dis Colon Rectum 29:804–809

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Castagliuolo I, Riegler ME, Valenick K, et al (1999) Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits the effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in human colonic mucosa. Infect Immun 67:302–307

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Pothoulakis C, Kelly CP, Joshi MA, et al (1993) Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A binding and enterotoxicity in rat ileum. Gastroenterology 104:1108–1115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Biller JA, Katz AJ, Flores AF, et al (1995) Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis by Lactobacillus GG. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 21:224–226

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Beck C, Necheles H (1961) Beneficial effects of the administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in diarrheal and other intestinal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 35:522–530

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Elmer GW, Surawicz CM, McFarland LV (1996) Biotherapeutic agents. A neglected modality for the treatment and prevention of selected intestinal and vaginal infections. JAMA 275:870–876

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Borriello SP (1990) The influence of the normal gut flora on Clostridium difficile colonisation of the gut. Ann Med 22:61–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Boriello S, Barclay FE (1986) An in vitro model of colonisation resistance to Clostridium difficile infection. J Med Microbiol 21:299–309

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Sakedo J, Kaeres S, Pothoulaks C (1997) Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile colitis. Gut 41:366–370

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Beales P (2002) Intra-venous immunoglobulin for recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Gut 51:455–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Tedesco FJ, Gordon D, Fortson WC (1985) Approach to patients with multiple relapse of antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 80:867–868

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Barbut F, Deere F, Burghoffer B, et al (1999) Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serogroups of clinical strains of Clostridium difficile isolated in France in 1991 and 1997. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:2607–2611

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Pelaez T, Akala L, Alonso R, et al (2002) Reassessment of Clostridium difficile susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1647–1650

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Andrews C (2003) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: Predictors of severity in patients presenting to the emergency departement. Can J Gastroenterol 17:369–373

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Marts BC, Longo WE, Vernava AM 3rd, Kennedy DJ, Daniel GL, Jones I (1994) Patterns and prognosis of Clostridium difficile colitis. Dis Col Rectum 16:837–845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Siemann M, Koch-Dorfler M, Rabenhorst G (2000) Clostridium difficile-associated disease. The clinical course of 18 fatal cases. Intensive Care Med 26:416–421

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Miller MA (2002) Morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden of nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in Canadian hospitals. Infect Control Epidemiol 23:137–140

    Google Scholar 

  55. Olson MM, Shanholtzer CJ, Lee JT Jr, Gerding DN (1994) Ten years of prospective Clostridium difficile-associated disease surveillance and treatment at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 1982–1991. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 15:371–381

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Wilcox MH, Fawley WN (2000) Hospital disinfectants and spore formation by Clostridium sdifficile. Lancet 356:1324–1325

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Buyse, S., Azoulay, E., Schlemmer, B. (2005). Clostridium difficile-associated Disease. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2005. EN]Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 2005. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26272-5_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26272-5_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23476-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-26272-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics