Abstract
This chapter will focus on the design of electrostatic actuators as critical elements in the design of dynamic elements in optical microsystems. Electrostatic actuators are typically preferred over other actuation mechanisms because they can be fabricated in established silicon IC processes, generate large forces and can be easily integrated with electronic components.
Chapter material drawn from: U. Krishnamoorthy, PhD thesis, 2002, UC Davis, CA, USA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Conant, R.A., Hagelin, P.M., Krishnamoorthy, U., Hart, M., Solgaard, O., Lau, K.Y., and Muller, R.S., A Raster Scanning Full-motion Video Display Using Polysilicon Micromachined Mirrors, Sensors and Actuators: A (Physical), May 2000;83(1–3):291–296.
Conant, R., Nee, J., Lau, K., and Muller, R., A Fast Flat Scanning Micromirror, Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, June 2000, pp. 6–9.
Nee, J.T., Conant, R.A., Lau, K.Y., and Muller, R.S., Lightweight, Optically Flat Micromirrors for Fast Optical Scanning, Proceedings of 2000 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, Kauai, HI, 21–24 August 2000, pp. 9–10.
Lee, J.H., Ko, Y.C., Kong, D.H., Kim, J.M., Lee, K.B., and Jeon, D.Y., Fabrication of Silicon Optical Scanner for Laser Display, 2000, IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, August 2000, pp. 13–14.
Krishnamoorthy, U. and Solgaard, O., Self-aligned Vertical Combdrive Actuators for Optical Scanning Micromirrors, IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, Okinawa, Japan, September 2001.
Tang, W.C., Nguyen, T.-C.H., Judy, M.W., and Howe, R.T., Electrostatic Combdrive of Lateral Polysilicon Resonators, Sensors and Actuators: A (Physical), February 1990;A21(1–3):328–331.
Senturia, S., Microsystem Design, Kluwer Academic Publications.
Seeger, J.I. and Boser, B.E., Charge Control of Parallel-plate, Electrostatic Actuators and the Tip-in Instability, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, October 2003;12(5):656–671.
Degani, O., Socher, E., Lipson, A., Leitner, T., Setter, D.J., Kaldor, S., and Nemirovsky, Y., Pull-in Study of an Electrostatic Torsion Microactuator, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, December 1998;7(4):373–379.
Toshiyoshi, H. and Fujita, H., Electrostatic Micro Torsion Mirrors for an Optical Switch Matrix, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, December 1996;5(4):231–237.
Luo, H., Zhang, G., Carley, L.R., and Fedder, G.K., A Post-CMOS Micromachined Lateral Accelerometer, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, June 2002;11(3):188–195.
Milanovic, V., Last, M., and Pister, K.S.J., Laterally Actuated Torsional Mirrors for Large Static Deflection, Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE, Feburary 2003;15(2):245–247.
Andrew Yeh, J.L., Hui, C.Y., and Tien, N.C., Electrostatic Model for an Asymmetric Combdrive, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, March 2000;9(1):126–135.
Kwon, S., Milanovic, V., and Lee, L.P., Vertical Combdrive Based 2D Gimbaled Micromirrors with Large Static Rotation with Backside Island Isolation, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, May–June 2004;10(3):498–504.
Piyawattanametha, W., Patterson, P., Hah, D., Toshiyoshi, H., and Wu, M., A Surface and Bulk Micromachined Angular Vertical Combdrive for Scanning Micromirrors, Optical Fiber Conference 2003, Atlanta, USA, pp. 251–252.
Tang, W.C., PhD. Thesis, UC Berkeley.
Timoshenko, S.P. and Goodier, J.N., Theory of Elasticity, 3rd ed., NY, McGraw Hill, 1970.
Markus, K.W., Koester, D.A., Cowen, A., Mahadevan, R., Dhuler, V.R., Robertson, D., and Smith, L., MEMS Infrastructure: The Multi-user MEMS Processes (MUMPS), Proceedings SPIE, Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology, Austin, TX, Oct. 1995, Vol. 2639, pp. 54–63.
Krishnamoorthy, U., Li, K., Yu, K., Lee, D., Heritage, J.P., and Solgaard, O., Dual-mode Micromirrors for Optical Phased Array Applications, Sensor and Actuators: A (Physical), May 2002;97–98C:22–26.
Petersen, K., Silicon as a Mechanical Material, Science and Technology of Microfabrication Symposium, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Mater. Res. Soc., 1987;99–110.
Grade, J.D., Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University, 1999.
Krishnamoorthy, U., Lee, D., and Solgaard, O., Self-aligned Vertical Electrostatic Combdrives for Micromirror Actuation, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, August 2003;1(4):458–464.
Kutchoukov, V.G., Mollinger, J.R., and Bossche, A., Coating of Deep Anisotropically Etched Grooves with Polyamide and Photoresist, Proceedings of SeSens workshop, December 2000, pp. 655–658.
Lee, D., Krishnamoorthy, U., Yu, K., and Solgaard, O., High-resolution, High-speed Microscanner in Single Crystalline Silicon Actuated by Self-aligned Dual Mode Vertical Electrostatic Combdrive with Capability for Phased Array Operation, Transducers, Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 12th Annual Conference on, 2003, June 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 576–579.
Jung, I.W., Krishnamoorthy, U., and Solgaard, O., High fill-factorTwo-axis Gimbaled Tip-tilt-piston Micromirror Array Actuated by Self-aligned Vertical Electrostatic Combdrives, IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS 2004, Japan, August 2004.
Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science, Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from Elsevier Ltd.
Copyright 2003 IEEE, Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from IEEE.
Copyright 2004 Elsevier Science, Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from Elsevier Ltd.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Krishnamoorthy, U., Lee, D., Solgaard, O. (2006). Vertical Combdrive Actuator: Design and Fabrication for Micromirror Applications. In: Leondes, C.T. (eds) MEMS/NEMS. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25786-1_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25786-1_42
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-24520-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-25786-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)