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Animal Model Systems of HIV-Diseases

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In vivo Models of HIV Disease and Control

Part of the book series: Infectious Diseases and Pathogenesis ((IAPA))

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is arguably the most significant global health problem of the modern era. Infection has all but devastated third-world countries and continues to threaten public health in developed nations. With the numbers of deaths approaching tens of millions each year, the greatest imperative for world health is the realization of an effective preventative vaccine. The major obstacles prohibiting this goal include a better understanding of protective immunity in the natural host of the virus. In working toward this objective, animal model systems were developed to recapitulate disease processes and viral diversity as it occurs in natural infections of man. Nonetheless, HIV is species specific and is diffi- cult to study in animal systems. Transgenic animals have been developed expressing human receptors in order to overcome some of these limitations; but an animal model that can be progressively infected by HIV remains elusive. Thus, a number of animal models have been established that utilize “other” lentiviruses that mimic HIV infection in specific ways and provide the means to mirror natural infection in its human host. Alternatively, relevant animal models replicate aspects of human disease through the engraftment of infected human cells. Ultimately, these animal model systems of HIV disease provide insight into specific disease processes and serve to elucidate underlying mechanisms of infection and subsequent disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Specialized NeuroSciences Program, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936-5067

    Eric R. Anderson

  2. Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omara, NE, 68198-5880

    Huangui Xiong

  3. Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience and Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880

    Howard E. Gendelman

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  1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Herman Friedman  & Steven Specter  & 

  2. Department of Experimental Pathology and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno, 37, Pisa, I-56127, Italy

    Mauro Bendinelli

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Anderson, E.R., Xiong, H., Gendelman, H.E. (2006). Animal Model Systems of HIV-Diseases. In: Friedman, H., Specter, S., Bendinelli, M. (eds) In vivo Models of HIV Disease and Control. Infectious Diseases and Pathogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25741-1_2

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