Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baker, B.S., Ovigne, J.M., Powles, A.V., Corcoran, S., and Fry, L. (2003). Normal keratinocytes express toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2 and 5: Modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol. 148: 670–679.
Banchereau, J. and Steinman, R.M. (1998). Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392: 245–252.
Barnes, P.J. and Karin, M. (1997). Nuclear factor-κB—a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 336: 1066–1071.
Berk, S.H., Penneys, N.S., and Weinstein, G.D. (1976). Epidermal activity in annular dermatophytosis. Arch. Dermatol. 112: 485–488.
Blake, J.S., Cabrera, R.M., Dahl, M.V., Herron, M.J., and Nelson, R.D. (1991a). Comparison of the immunoinhibitory properties of cell wall mannan glycoproteins from Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 96: 601.
Blake, J.S., Dahl, M.V., Herron, M.J., and Nelson, R.D. (1991b). An immunoinhibitory cell wall glycoprotein (mannan) from Trichophyton rubrum. J. Invest. Dermatol. 96: 657–661.
Braathen, L.R. and Kaaman, T. (1983). Human epidermal Langerhans cells induce cellular immune response to trichophytin in dermatophytosis. Br. J. Dermatol. 109: 295–300.
Brasch, J. and Sterry, W. (1992). Immunophenotypical characterization of inflammatory cellular infiltrates in tinea. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh.) 72: 345–347.
Brasch, J., Martens, H., and Sterry, W. (1993). Langerhans cell accumulation in chronic tinea pedis and pityriasis versicolor. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 18: 329–332.
Cabrera, R.M., Blake, J.S., Dahl, M.V., Herron, M.J., and Nelson, R.D. (1991). Inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation by a mannan glycoprotein isolated from Trichophyton rubrum. J. Invest. Dermatol. 96: 616.
Calderon, R.A. (1989). Immunoregulation of dermatophytosis. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 16: 338–368.
Calderon, R.A. and Hay, R.J. (1987). Fungicidal activity of human neutrophils and monocytes on dermatophytic fungi, Trichophyton quinckeanum and Trichophyton rubrum. Immunology 61: 289–295.
Dahl, M.V. (1987). Immunological resistance to dermatophyte infections. Adv. Dermatol. 2: 305–320.
Dahl, M.V. (1993). Suppression of immunity and inflammation by products produced by dermatophytes. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 28: S19–S23.
Dahl, M.V. (1994). Dermatophytosis and the immune response. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 31: S34–S41.
Davies, R.R. and Zaini, F. (1984). Trichophyton rubrum and the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Sabouraudia 22: 65–71.
Emtestam, L., Kaaman, T., Hovmark, A., and Asbrink, E. (1985). An immunohistochemical staining of epidermal Langerhans cells in tinea cruris. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh.) 65: 240–243.
Fong, T.A.T. and Mosmann, T.R. (1989). The role of IFN-γ in delayed type hypersensitivity mediated by Th1 clones. J. Immunol. 143: 2887–2893.
Fuhlbrigge, R.C., Kieffer, J.D., Armerding, D., and Kupper, T.S. (1997). Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is a specialized form of PSGL-1 expressed on skin-homing T cells. Nature 389: 978–981.
Gallo, R.L., Murakami, M., Ohtake, T., and Zaiou, M. (2002). Biology and clinical relevance of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 110: 823–831.
Grando, S.A., Hostager, B.S., Herron, M.J., Dahl, M.V., and Nelson, R.D. (1992). Binding of Trichophyton rubrum mannan to human monocytes in vitro. J. Invest. Dermatol. 98: 876–880.
Grappel, S.F. and Blank, F. (1972). Role of keratinases in dermatophytosis. I. Immune responses of guinea pigs infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes and guinea pigs immunized with keratinases. Dermatologica 145: 245–255.
Grappel, S.F., Bishop, C.T., and Blank, F. (1974). Immunology of dermatophytes and dermatophytosis. Bacteriol. Rev. 38: 222–250.
Gregurek-Novak, T., Rabatic, S., and Silobrcic, V. (1993). Defective phagocytosis in chronic trichophytosis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 31: 115–120.
Green, F., Weber, J.K., and Balish, E. (1983). The thymus dependency of acquired resistance to Trichophyton mentagrophytes dermatophytosis in rats. J. Invest. Dermatol. 81: 31–38.
Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., and Schroder, J.M. (1997). A peptide antibiotic from human skin. Nature 387: 861.
Hay, R.J. and Brostoff, J. (1977). Immune responses in patients with chronic Trichophyton rubrum infection. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2: 373–380.
Helander, I. (1978). The lymphocyte transformation test in dermatophytosis. Mykosen 21: 71–80.
Hoffmann, J.A., Kafatos, F.C., Janeway, C.A., and Ezekowitz, R.A. (1999). Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science 284: 1313–1318.
Hunziker, N. and Brun, R. (1980). Lack of delayed reaction in presence of cell-mediated immunity in trichophytin hypersensitivity. Arch. Dermatol. 116: 1266–1268.
Johansson, S., Scheynius, A., and Faergemann, J. (1986). Fungal infections inducing HLA-DR but not HLA-DQ transplantation antigens on keratinocytes. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh.) 66: 277–280.
Jones, H.E. (1986). Cell mediated immunity in the immunopathogenesis of dermatophytosis. Acta Derm. Venereol. Suppl. 121: 73–83.
Jones, H.E. (1993). Immune response and host resistance to human dermatophyte infection. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 28: S12–S18.
Kawai, K., Shimura, H., Minagawa, M., Ito, A., Tomiyama, K., and Ito, M. (2002). Expression of functional toll-like receptor 2 on human epidermal keratinocytes. J. Dermatol. Sci. 30: 185–194.
King, R.D., Khan, H.A., Foye, J.C., Greenberg, J.H., and Jones, H.E. (1975). Transferrin, iron, and dermatophytes. I. Serum dermatophyte inhibitory component definitively identified as unsaturated transferrin. J. Clin. Med. 86: 204–212.
Koga, T., Ishizaki, H., Matsumoto, T., and Hori, Y. (1993a). Cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dermatophytosis patient in response to stimulation with trichophytin. J. Dermatol. 20: 441–443.
Koga, T., Ishizaki, H., Matsumoto, T., and Hori, Y. (1993b). In vitro release of interferon-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with dermatophytosis in response to stimulation with trichophytin. Br. J. Dermatol. 128: 703–704.
Koga, T., Ishizaki, H., Matsumoto, T., and Hori, Y. (1995). Decreased release of interferon-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic dermatophytosis in response to stimulation with trichophytin. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh.) 75: 81–82.
Koga, T., Ishizaki, H., Matsumoto, T., and Toshitani, S. (1996). Enhanced release of interleukin-8 from human epidermal keratinocytes in response to stimulation with trichophytin in vitro. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh.) 76: 399–400.
Koga, T., Duan, H., Urabe, K., and Furue, M. (2001a). Immunohistochemical detection of interferon-γ-producing cells in dermatophytosis. Eur. J. Dermatol. 11: 105–107.
Koga, T., Shimizu, A., and Nakayama, J. (2001b). Interferon-γ production in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with tinea pedis: Comparison of patients with and without Tinea unguium. Med. Mycol. 39: 87–90.
Leibovici, V., Evron, R., Axelrod, O., Westerman, M., Shalit, M., Barak, V., and Frankenburg, S. (1995). Imbalance of immune responses in patients with chronic and widespread fungal skin infection. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 20: 390–394.
Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., and Janeway, C.A. Jr. (1997). A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388: 394–397.
Milner, S.M. and Ortega, M.R. (1999). Reduced antimicrobial peptide expression in human burn wounds. Burns 25: 411–413.
Miyata, T., Fujimura, T., Masuzawa, M., Katsuoka, K., and Nishiyama, S. (1996). Local expression of IFN-γ mRNA in skin lesion of patients with dermatophytosis. J. Dermatol. Sci. 13: 167–171.
Ohta, Y., Saitoh, N., Tanuma, H., Fujimura, T., and Katsuoka, K. (1998). Local cytokine expression in steroid-modified tinea faciei. J. Dermatol. 25: 362–366.
Ong, P.Y., Ohtake, T., Brandt, C., Strickland, I., Boguniewicz, M., Ganz, T., Gallo, R.L., and Leung, D.Y. (2002). Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347: 1151–1160.
Picker, L.J., Kishimoto, T.K., Smith, C.W., Warnock, R.A., and Butcher, E.C. (1991). ELAM-1 is an adhesion molecule for skinhoming T cells. Nature 349: 796–799.
Pier, A.C., Hodges, A.B, Lauze, J.M., and Raisbeck, M. (1995). Experimental immunity to Microsporum canis and cross reactions with other dermatophytes of veterinary importance. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 33: 93–97.
Porcelli, S.A., Segelke, B.W., Sugita, M., Wilson, I.A., and Brenner, M.B. (1998). The CD1 family of lipid antigen-presenting molecules. Immunol. Today 19: 362–368.
Robert, C. and Kupper, T.S. (1999). Inflammatory skin diseases, T cells, and immune surveillance. Allergy/Immunology 341: 1817–1828.
Sato, N. and Tagami, H. (2003). Severe measles in a young female patient with chronic, generalized Trichophyton rubrum infection showing type 2 helper T cell-dominant immunologic reactivity. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 48: S43–S46.
Song, P.I., Park, Y.M., Abraham, T., Harten, B., Zivony, A., Neparidze, N., Armstrong, C.A., and Ansel, J.C. (2002). Human keratinocytes express functional CD14 and toll-like receptor 4. J. Invest. Dermatol. 119: 424–432.
Swan, J.W., Dahl, M.A., Coppo, P.A., and Hammerschmidt, D.E. (1983). Complement activation by Trichophyton rubrum. J. Invest. Dermatol. 80: 156–158.
Tagami, H., Natsume, N., Aoshima, T., Inoue, F., Suehisa, S., and Yamada, M. (1982). Analysis of transepidermal leucocyte chemotaxis in experimental dermatophytosis in guinea pigs. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 273: 205–217.
Takiuchi, I., Higuchi, D., Sei, Y., and Koga, M. (1982). Isolation of an extracellular proteinase (keratinase) from Microsporum canis. Sabouraudia 20: 281–288.
Wagner, D.K. and Sohnle, P.G. (1995). Cutaneous defenses against dermatophytes and yeasts. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8: 317–335.
Weitzman, I. and Summerbell, R.C. (1995). The dermatophytes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8: 240–259.
Yu, R.J., Grappel, S.F., and Blank, F. (1972). Inhibition of keratinases by α2-macroglobulin. Experientia 28: 886.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koga, T. (2005). Immune Surveillance against Dermatophyte Infection. In: Fidel, P.L., Huffnagle, G.B. (eds) Fungal Immunology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25445-5_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25445-5_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-24092-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-25445-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)