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Thermal Fixing of Photoinduced Gratings

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Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 1

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Optical Sciences ((SSOS,volume 113))

12.7 Summary

This Chapter has reviewed our present understanding of thermal fixing phenomena, the updated theoretical model, relevant experimental data and techniques, and applications in photorefractive crystals, particularly LiNbO3. After describing the physical model for thermal fixing, the recent mathematical formulation of the model has been presented. This has emerged as a coherent and clear picture from which particular models can be reliably developed to explain and predict most experimental results, as well as to design long lifetime photorefractive devices. Common experimental methods and techniques have been discussed in detail, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks. Relevant experimental data are presented and discussed to the light of the theoretical model, including those referred to photorefractive waveguides. Finally, applications of the thermal fixing technique to practical devices have been presented for both bulk and waveguide geometries. Many of them exhibit excellent performances with LiNbO3 and they are very close to the market. On the other hand, further improvements are needed with other materials before they can be applied to real devices.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto. Física de Materiales C-IV, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, Madrid, E-28049, Spain

    M. Carrascosa, L. Arizmendi & J. M. Cabrera

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  1. M. Carrascosa
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  2. L. Arizmendi
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  3. J. M. Cabrera
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Quantum Electronics Nonlinear Optics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hoenggerberg HPF E 8, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland

    Peter Günter

  2. Thales Research and Technology France, RD 128, 91767, Palaiseau Cedex, France

    Jean-Pierre Huignard

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Carrascosa, M., Arizmendi, L., Cabrera, J.M. (2006). Thermal Fixing of Photoinduced Gratings. In: Günter, P., Huignard, JP. (eds) Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 1. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 113. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25192-8_12

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