Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amit, R., J. Brander and C. Zott (1998). Why do venture capital firms exist? Theory and Canadian evidence — an essay on the economics of imperfect information. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 441–466.
Amit, R., E. Muller and L. Cockburn (1995). Opportunity costs and entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 95–106.
Baron, R.A. (1998). Cognitive mechanisms in entrepreneurship — entrepreneurship in the 1990s. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 275–294.
Baron, R.A. (2000). Counterfactual thinking and venture formation — the psychology of new venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 79–91.
Barreto, H. (1989). The Entrepreneur in Microeconomic Theory: Disappearance and Explanation. New York: Routledge.
Bates, Timothy (1990). Entrepreneur human capital inputs and small business longevity. Review of Economics and Statistics, 72, 551–559.
Becker, Gary S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. Economic Journal, 75, 493–517.
Bester, Helmut (1987). The role of collateral in credit markets with imperfect information. European Economic Review, 31, 887–899.
Blanchflower, D.G. and A.J. Oswald (1998). What makes an entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, 16, 26–60.
Brandstätter, H. (1997). Becoming an entrepreneur — a question of personality structure? Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 157–177.
Brockhaus, R.H. Sr. (1980). Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 509–520.
Casson, M. (1982). The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory. Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble Books.
Chandler, Gaylen N. and Steven H. Hanks (1998). An examination of the substitutability of founders' human and financial capital in emerging business ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 353–370.
Cheung, J. A. (1999). Probability based approach to estimating costs of capital for small business. Small Business Economics, 12, 331–336.
Coco, G. (1999). Collateral, heterogeneity in risk attitude and the credit market equilibrium. European Economic Review, 43, 559–574.
Cooper, A.C. and K.W. Artz (1995). Determinants of satisfaction for entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 439–457.
Cooper, A.C., T.B. Folta and C. Woo (1995). Entrepreneurial information search. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 107–120.
Cramer, J.S., J. Hartog, N. Jonker and C.M. Van Praag (2002). Low risk version encourages the choice for entrepreneurship: An empirical test of a truism. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 48, 29–36.
Evans, D.S. and B. Jovanovic (1989). An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 808–827.
Fiet, James O. (1996). The informational basis of entrepreneurial discovery. Small Business Economics, 8, 419–430.
Gifford, S. (1997). Limited attention and the role of the venture capitalist. Journal of Business Venturing, 12, 459–482.
Gifford, S. (1998). The Allocation of Limited Entrepreneurial Attention. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Gifford, S. (1999). Efficient moral hazard. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organizations, 40, 427–442.
Hai, Y.T. and L.F. See (1997). Moderating effects of tolerance for ambiguity and risk-taking propensity on the role conflict-perceived performance relationship: Evidence from Singaporean entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 12, 67–81.
Hart, O. and Moore, J. (1994). A theory of debt based on the inalienability of human capital. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 841–879.
Hayek, F.A. (1945). The use of knowledge in society. American Economic Review, 35, 519–530.
Hebert, R.F. and A.N. Link (1988). The Entrepreneur: Mainstream Views and Radical Critiques. New York: Praeger.
Hillier, B. (1998). The borrower's curse: Comment. Economic Journal, 108, 1772–1774.
Holmstrom, Bengt (1984). On the theory of delegation. In M. Boyer and R. Kihlstrom (eds.), Bayesian Models of Economic Theory, 115=141 (Amsterdam: North-Holland).
Hyrsky, K. and Tuunanen, M. (1999). Innovativeness and risk-taking propensity: A cross-cultural study of Finnish and U.S. entrepreneurs and small business owners. Liiketaloudellinen Aikakauskirja, 48, 238–256.
Iyigun, Murat and Ann L. Owen (1997). Risk, entrepreneurship, and human capital accumulation. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
Jennings, Reg, Charles Cox and Cary L. Cooper (1994). Business Elites: The Psychology of Entrepreneurs and Intrapreneurs. London and New York: Routledge.
Jensen, M.C. and W.H. Meckling (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305–360.
Kahneman, Daniel, and Amos Tversky (1991). Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference dependent model. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 1039–1061.
Khalil, Elias L. (1997). Buridan's Ass, Risk, Uncertainty, and Self-Competition: A Theory of Entrepreneurship. Kyklos. Vol. 50(2), pp. 147–63.
Kihlstrom, R.E. and J.J. Laffont (1979). A general equilibrium theory of firm formation based on risk aversion. Journal of Political Economy, 87, 719–748.
Kirzner, I.M. (1997). Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 60–85.
Knight, F. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. New York: Houghton Miffin.
Levy, Haim and Esther Lazarovich-Porat (1995). Signaling theory and risk perception: An experimental study. Journal of Economics and Business, 47, 39–56.
Lin, Timothy H. (1996). The certification role of large block shareholders in initial public offerings: The case of venture capitalists. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 35, 55–65.
Manove, M. and A.J. Padilla (1999). Banking (conservatively) with optimists. RAND Journal of Economics, 30, 324–350.
March, James G. and Zur Shapira (1987). Managerial perspectives on risk and risk-taking. Management Science, 33, 1404–1418.
March, James G. and Zur Shapira (1992). Variable risk preferences and the focus of attention. Psychological Review, 99, 172–183.
Marchionatti, Roberto (1999). On Keynes' Animal Spirits. Kyklos. Vol. 52(3), pp. 415–39.
Palich, L.E. and D.R. Bagby (1995). Using cognitive theory to explain entrepreneurial risk-taking: Challenging conventional wisdom. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 425–438.
Pattillo, C. (1998). Investment, uncertainty, and irreversibility in Ghana. International Monetary Fund Staff Paper, 45, 522–553.
Rees, H. and A. Shah (1986). An empirical analysis of self-employment in the U.K. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 1, 95–108.
Sarasvathy, D.K., H.A. Simon and L. Lave (1998). Perceiving and managing business risks: Differences between entrepreneurs and bankers. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 33, 207–225.
Schiller, B.R. and P.E. Crewson (1997). Entrepreneurial origins: A longitudinal inquiry. Economic Inquiry, 35, 523–531.
Scholtens, B. (1999). Analytical issues in external financing alternatives for SBEs. Small Business Economics, 12, 137–148.
Simon, M., S.M. Houghton and K. Aquino (2000). Cognitive biases, risk perception, and venture formation — implications of interfirm (mis)perceptionss for strategic decisions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 113–134.
Starmer, Chris (2000). Developments in non-expected utility theory: The hunt for a descriptive theory of choice under risk. Journal of Economics Literature, 38, 332–382.
Stewart, Wayne H. Jr., Warren E. Watson, Joann C. Carland and James W. Carland (1999). A proclivity for entrepreneurship: A comparison of entrepreneurs, small business owners, and corporate managers. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 189–214.
Sykes, H.B. and D. Dunham (1995). Critical assumption planning: A practical tool for managing business development risk. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 413–424.
Van Praag, C.M. and H. van Ophem (1995). Determinants of willingness and opportunity to start as an entrepreneur. Kyklos, 48, 513–540.
Wiggins, S.N. (1995). Entrepreneurial enterprises, endogenous ownership, and the limits to firm size. Economic Inquiry, 33, 54–69.
Witt, U. (1998). Imagination and leadership — the neglected dimension of an evolutionary theory of the firm. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 35(2), 161–177.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gifford, S. (2003). Risk and Uncertainty. In: Acs, Z.J., Audretsch, D.B. (eds) Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. International Handbook Series on Entrepreneurship, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24519-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24519-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-24080-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-24519-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive