Abstract
The new alliance between the time and frequency domains in laser spectroscopy has made it possible to develop ultrafast counting schemes that can keep track of single optical oscillations. With this achievement, counting optical oscillations of more than 1015 cycles in one second has become a simple task. High-resolution spectroscopy for basic research and metrology greatly benefit from this technology as it has allowed the highest possible precision. This development has also led to the construction of all-optical atomic clocks that are expected to eventually outperform current state-of-the-art cesium clocks. The possibility to measure almost any frequency ratio with very high precision can be used to search for possible variations of natural constants.
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Udem, T., Zimmermann, M., Holzwarth, R., Fischer, M., Kolachevsky, N., Hänsch, T.W. (2005). Optical Frequency Measurement. In: Ye, J., Cundiff, S.T. (eds) Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation, and Applications. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23791-7_7
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