Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research ((HSSR))

Abstract

In the last four decades, the United States has witnessed revolutionary changes in the organization of family life and gender relations. A large number of sociological observers of American religion in recent years have argued that religious institutions in the United States must accommodate themselves to the “changing family” by reaching out to and symbolically affirming persons in a range of nontraditional families: unmarried singles, stepfamilies, single mothers, dual-career families, and gays and lesbians (D’Antonio & Aldous, 1983; Edgell, 2005; Marler, 1995; Roof & Gesch, 1995). Pointing to marked changes in the organization of family and work, from rising rates of female labor force participation to the increasingly pluralistic character of American family life, these scholars argue that religious institutions must change their family-related discourse and practice to accommodate the family and gender revolutions of the last four decades if they seek to flourish in the 21st century.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. (2001, November). Fertility revolution in Iran. Population & Société, INED, 373, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alwin, D. F. (1986). Religion and parental child-rearing orientations: Evidence of a Catholic-Protestant convergence. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 412–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (1997). A generation at risk: Growing up in an era of family upheaval. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammerman, N. T. (1997a). Golden rule Christianity: Lived religion in the American mainstream. In D. Hall (Ed.), Lived religion in America: Toward a history of practice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammerman, N. T. (1997b). Congregation & community. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammerman, N. T. & Roof, W. C. (1995). Introduction: Old patterns, new trends, fragile experiments. In N. Ammerman & W. C. Roof (Ed.), Work, family, and religion in contemporary society. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argue, A., Johnson, D. R., & White, L. K. (1999). Age and religiosity: Evidence from a three-wave panel analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38, 423–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartkowski, J. P. (2001). Remaking the godly marriage: Gender negotiation in evangelical families. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartkowski, J. P., & Wilcox, W. B. (2000). Conservative protestant child discipline: The case of parental yelling. Social Forces, 79, 265–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartkowski, J. P., & Xu, X. (2000). Distant patriarchs or expressive dads? The discourse and practice of fathering in conservative protestant families. Sociological Quarterly, 41, 465–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Development Psychology Monograph, 4, 1–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, P. E., & Hofmeister, H. (2001). Work, family, and religious involvement for men and women. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40, 707–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. (1967). Religious institutions. In N. J. Smelser (Ed.), Sociology: An introduction (pp. 329–379). New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth, A., Johnson, D. R., Branaman, A., & Sica, A. (1995). Belief and behavior: Does religion matter in today’s marriage? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 661–671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browning, D. S. (2003). Marriage and modernization: How globalization threatens marriage and what to do about it. Wm. B. Eerdmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browning, D. S., Miller-McLemore, B. J., Couture, P. D., Lyon, K. B., & Franklin, R. M. (1997). From culture wars to common ground: Religion and the American family debate. Louisville, KY: John Knox Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bumpass, L. L. (1990). What happening to the family? Interactions between demographic and institutional change. Demography, 27, 483–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bumpass, L. L. (2001). Family-related attitudes, couple relationships, and union stability. In R. Lesthaeghe (Ed.), Meaning and choice: Value orientations and life cycle decisions. Hague, Netherlands: Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bumpass, L. L., & Sweet, J. A. (1995). Cohabitation, marriage, and union stability. Madison, WI: Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Call, V. R. A., & Heaton, T. B. (1997). Religious influence on marital stability. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 382–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cammack, M., Young, L. A., & Heaton, T. B. (1997). An empirical assessment of divorce law in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies, 4, 93–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casanova, J. (1994). Public religion in the modern world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaves, M. (1991). Family structure and protestant church attendance: The sociological basis of cohort and age effects. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 39, 329–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaves, M. (1997). Ordaining women: Culture and conflict in religious organizations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiano, K. J. (2000). Religion and family in modern American culture. In S. K. Houseknecht & J. G. Pankhurst (Eds.), Family, religion, and social change in diverse societies. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clydesdale, T. (1997). Family behaviors among early U.S. baby boomers: Exploring the effects of religion and income change, 1965–1982. Social Forces, 76, 605–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coltrane, S. (2001). Marketing the marriage “solution”: Misplaced simplicity in the politics of fatherhood. Sociological Perspectives, 44, 387–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coontz, S. (1992). The way we never were: American families and the nostalgia trap. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidman, L. (1991). Tradition in a rootless world. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dollahite, D. C. (Ed.). (2000). Strengthening our families: An in-depth look at the proclamation on the family. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dollahite, D. C. (2003). Fathering for eternity: Generative spirituality in latter-day saint fathers of children with special needs. Review of Religious Research, 44, 339–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dollahite, D. C., Marks, L. D., & Goodman, M. (2004). Families and religious beliefs, practices, and communities: Linkages in a diverse and dynamic cultural context. In M. J. Coleman & L. H. Ganong (Eds.), The handbook of contemporary families: Considering the past, contemplating the future. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkheim, E. (1951). Suicide. New York: Free Press. (Original work published 1897)

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Antonio, W., & Aldous, J. (1983). Families and religions: Conflict and change in modern society. Bevery Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgell, P. (2003). In rhetoric and practice: Defining “the good family” in local congregations. In M. Dillon (Ed.), The handbook of the sociology of religion. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgell, P. (2005). Religion and family: Understanding the transformation of linked institutions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggebeen, D., & Knoester, C. (2001). Does fatherhood matter for men? Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 381–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elder, G. H., Jr., & Conger, R. D. (2000). Children of the land: Adversity and success in rural America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 80–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G. (1994). Religion, the life stress paradigm, and the study of depression. In J. S. Levin (Ed.), Religion in aging and health: Theoretical foundations and methodological frontiers. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G., & Bartkowski, J. P. (2002). Conservative protestantism and the division of household labor among married couples. Journal of Family Issues, 23, 950–985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G., Bartkowski, J. P., & Anderson, K. L. (1999). Are there religious variations in domestic violence? Journal of Family Issues, 20, 87–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G., Bartkowski, J. P., & Segal, M. L. (1996). Conservative protestantism and the parental use of corporal punishment. Social Forces, 74, 1003–1029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G., & Sherkat, D. E. (1993a). Conservative protestantism and support for corporal punishment. American Sociological Review, 58, 131–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G., & Sherkat, D. E. (1993b). Obedience and autonomy: Religion and parental values reconsidered. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 32, 313–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furstenberg, F. (1988). Good dads/bad dads: The two faces of fatherhood. In A. Cherlin (Ed.), Changing American family and public policy. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S. K. (2003). Evangelical identity and gendered family life. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gesch, L. (1995). Responses to changing lifestyles: “Feminists” and “traditionalists” in mainstream religion. In N. T. Ammerman & W. C. Roof (Eds.), Work, family, and religion in contemporary society. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldscheider, F. K., & Waite, L. J. (1993). New families, no families?: The transformation of the American home. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goode, W. J. (1993). World changes in divorce patterns. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottman, J. M. (1998). Toward a process model of men in marriages and families. In A. Booth & A. Crouter (Eds.), Men in families: When do they get involved? What difference does it make?. Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, R. M. (1997). God’s daughters: Evangelical women and the power of submission. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, T. B. (1984). Religious homogamy and marital satisfaction reconsidered. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 729–733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heaton, T. B., & Pratt, E. L. (1990). The effects of religious homogamy on marital satisfaction and stability. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 191–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertel, B. R. (1995). Work, family and faith: Recent trends. In N. Ammerman & W. C. Roof (Eds.), Work, family, and religion in contemporary society (pp. 81–121). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofferth, S. 2003. Race/ethnic differences in father involvement in two-parent families: Culture, context, or economy. Journal of Family Issues, 24, 185–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houseknecht, S. K., & Pankhurst, J. G. (2000). Family, religion, and social change in diverse societies. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hout, M., Greeley, A., & Wilde, M. J. (2001). The demographic imperative in religious change in the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 107, 468–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtz, S. (1992). All the mothers are one. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, L., & Bures, R. (2001). Parental divorce and the “switching” of religious identity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40, 99–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lesthaeghe, R. (1995). The second demographic transition in western countries: An interpretation. In K. O. Mason & A.-M. Jensen (Eds.), Gender and family change in industrialized countries. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, A., Pargament, K. I., Tarakeshwar, N., & Swank, A. B. (2001). Religion in the home in the 1980s and 1990s: A meta-analytic review and conceptual analysis of links between religion, marriage, and parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 559–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marks, L. D., & Dollahite, D. C. (2001). Religion, relationships, and responsible fathering in latter-day saint families of children with special needs. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 625–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marler, P. L. (1995). Lost in the fifties: The changing family and the nostalgic church. In N. T. Ammerman and W. C. Roof (Eds.), Work, family, and religion in contemporary society. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marquardt, E. (2004). The spiritual lives of children of divorce. New York: The Institute for American Values.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglio, W., & Pleck, J. (in press). Fatherhood and masculinities. In R. W. Connell, J. Hearn, & M. Kimmel (Eds.), The handbook of studies on men and masculinities. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G. (1994). Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A., & Stark, R. (2002). Gender and religiousness: Can socialization explanations be saved? American Journal of Sociology, 107, 1399–1423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, S. M. (1996). An interactive model of religiosity inheritance: The importance of family context. American Sociological Review, 61, 858–866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nason-Clark, N. (1997). The battered wife: How Christians confront family violence. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niebuhr, H. R. (1929). The social sources of denominationalism. New York: Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nock, S. (1998). Marriage in men’s lives. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palkovitz, R. (2002). Involved fathering and men’s adult development: Provisional balances. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pankhurst, J. G., & Houseknecht, S. K. (2000). Introduction: The religion-family linkage and social change-A neglected area of study. In S. K. Houseknecht & J. G. Pankhurst (Eds.), Family, religion, and social change in diverse societies. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, L. D., & Axinn, W. G. (1998). The impact of family religious life on the quality of mother-child relations. American Sociological Review, 63, 810–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, D. (1988). Disturbing the nest: Family change and decline in modern societies. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, D. (1996). Life without father. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riesebrodt, M. (1993). Pious passion: The emergence of modern fundamentalism in the United States and Iran (D. Reneau, Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roof, W. C. (1993). A generation of seekers: The spiritual journeys of the baby boom generation. San Francisco: Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roof, W. C., & Gesch, L. (1995). Boomers and the culture of choice: Changing patterns of work, family, and religion. In N. Ammerman & W. C. Roof (Eds.), Work, family, and religion in contemporary society. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sciolino, E. (2001). Persian mirrors: The elusive face of Iran. Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shehan, C. L., Bock, E. W., & Lee, G. R. (1990). Religious heterogamy, religiosity, and marital happiness: The case of Catholics. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 73–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherkat, D. E. (1991). Religious socialization and the family: An examination of religious influence in the family over the life course. Unpublished dissertation, Sociology Department, Duke University. Durham, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherkat, D. E. (2003). Religious socialization: Sources of influence and influences of agency. In M. Dillon (Ed.), The handbook of the sociology of religion. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherkat, D. E., & Ellison, C. G. (1999). Recent developments and current controversies in the sociology of religion. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 363–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. (1998). American evangelicalism: Embattled and thriving. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. (2000). Christian America?: What evangelicals really want. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C., & Kim, P. Family religious involvement and the quality of family relationships for early adolescents. Chapel Hill, NC: National Study of Youth and Religion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. R. (2000). Land of the rising son? Domestic organization, ancestor worship, and economic change in Japan. In S. K. Houseknecht & J. G. Pankhurst (Eds.), Family, religion, and social change in diverse societies. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R. (1996). The rise of Christianity: A sociologist reconsiders history. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, R., & Finke, R. (2000). Acts of faith: Explaining the human side of religion. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolzenberg, R. M., Blair-Loy, M., & Waite, L. J. (1995). Religious participation in early adulthood: Age and family life cycle effects on church membership. American Sociological Review, 60, 84–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M. A. (1994). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swidler, A. (1986). Culture in action: Symbols and strategies. American Sociological Review, 51, 273–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, L., & Walker, A. (1989). Gender in families: Women and men in marriage, work, and parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 845–871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, A. (1985). Reciprocal influences of family and religion in a changing world. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 381–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, A. (2004). Reading history sideways: The fallacy and enduring impact of the developmental paradigm on family life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, A., Axinn, W. G., & Hill, D. H. (1992). Reciprocal effects of religiosity, cohabitation, and marriage. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 628–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, A., & Lin, H.-S. (1994). Social change and the family in Taiwan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilley, J. R. (2003). Secularization and aging in Britain: Does family formation cause greater religiosity? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42, 269–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trost, J., & Palm, I. (2000). Family and religion in Sweden. In S. K. Houseknecht & J. G. Pankhurst (Eds.), Family, religion, and social change in diverse societies. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waite, L., & Gallagher, M. (2000). The case for marriage. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waite, L., & Lehrer, E. (2003). The benefits from marriage and religion in the United States: A comparative analysis. Population and Development Review, 29, 255–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J. M., Forman, T. A., Caldwell, C. H., & Willis, D. S. (2003). Religion and U.S. secondary school students: Current patterns, recent trends, and sociodemographic. Youth and Society, 35, 98–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, R. S. (1993). Work in progress toward a new paradigm for the sociological study of religion in the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 1044–1093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (1998). Conservative protestant childrearing: Authoritarian or authoritative? American Sociological Review, 63, 796–809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2002a). For the sake of the children?: Family-related discourse and practice in the mainline. In R. Wuthnow & J. H. Evans (Eds.), The quiet hand of God: Faith-based activism and the public role of mainline protestantism (pp. 287–316). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2002b). Sacred vows, public purposes: Religion, the marriage movement, and public policy. Washington, DC: Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2002c). Religion, convention, and paternal involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 780–792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2002d, June 25). Religion, parenting, and child well-being. Commission on Children at Risk, Hanover, NH: Dartmouth Medical School.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2003). Conservative protestants and the family: Resisting, engaging, or accommodating modernity? In M. Cromartie (Ed.), A public faith: Varieties of evangelical civic engagement. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2004). Soft patriarchs, new men: How Christianity shapes fathers and husbands. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B. (2005). Mainline protestantism and the family. In D. Browning & D. Clairmont (Eds.), American religions and the family. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, W. B., & Bartkowski, J. P. (2000). The conservative protestant family: Traditional rhetoric, progressive practice. InE. J. Dionne & J. J. DiIulio (Eds.), What’s God got to do with the American experiment? Essays on religion and politics. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, R. (1989). Communities of discourse: Ideology and structure in the reformation, the enlightenment, and European socialism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuthnow, R. (1998). After heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wilcox, W.B. (2006). Family. In: Ebaugh, H.R. (eds) Handbook of Religion and Social Institutions. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23789-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics