Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Hormonal Carcinogenesis IV pp 141–150Cite as

Prostate Epithelial Carcinogenesis: Putative and Controversial Precursor Lesions

  • Chapter

  • 596 Accesses

Conclusions

Rapid advances in technology provide a good platform for the systemic cataloging and characterization of the normal and cancerous phenotype and underlying genotype of PCA. This should set the stage for the development of new prognostic and therapeutic strategies. The understanding of genetic events which occur during the progression of PIN and other preneoplastic lesions to PCA would be useful for prevention, early detection, and treatment of this common disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Sakr WA, Grignon DJ, Crissman JD, et al (1994) High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma between the ages of 20–69: an autopsy study of 249 cases. In Vivo 8:439–443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hsing AW, Deng J, Sesterhenn IA, et al (2000) Body size and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:1335–1341.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gann PH, Ma J, Giovannucci E, et al (1999) Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopene levels: results of a prospective analysis. Cancer Res 59:1225–1230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al (1993) A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 85:1571–1579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. De Marzo AM, Putzi MJ, Nelson WG (2001) New concepts in the pathology of prostatic epithelial carcinogenesis. Urology 57:103–114.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bostwick DG (1989) Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Urology 34:16–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bostwick DG (2000) Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Curr Urol Rep 1:65–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. McNeal JE, Villers A, Redwine EA, et al (1991) Microcarcinoma in the prostate: its association with duct-acinar dysplasia. Hum Pathol 22:644–652.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Weinberg DS, Weidner N (1993) Concordance of DNA content between prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and concomitant invasive carcinoma. Evidence that prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor of invasive prostatic carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117:1132–1137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Colombel M, Symmans F, Gil S, et al (1993) Detection of the apoptosis-suppressing oncoprotein bcl-2 in hormone-refractory human prostate cancers. Am J Pathol 143:390–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Helpap B, Riede C (1995) Nucleolar and AgNOR-analysis of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and prostatic carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 191:381–390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Magi-Galluzzi C, Murphy M, Cangi MG, et al (1998) Proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in prostatic carcinogenesis. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 20:343–350.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Magi-Galluzzi C, Montironi R, Prete E, et al (1996) Effect of microwave oven heating times on androgen receptor antigen retrieval from paraffin-embedded prostatic adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Res 16:2931–2936.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Magi-Galluzzi C, Xu X, Hlatky L, et al (1997) Heterogeneity of androgen receptor content in advanced prostate cancer. Mod Pathol 10:839–845.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Luo J, Zha S, Gage W, et al (2002) Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: A new molecular marker for prostate cancer. Cancer Res 62:2220–2226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Magi-Galluzzi C, Luo J, Isaacs WB, et al (2003) Alpha-methylacyl-coA racemase: a variably sensitive immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of small prostate cancer foci on needle biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol 27:1128–1133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rubin MA, Zhou M, Dhanasekaran SM, et al (2002) Alpha-methyl-acyl coenzyme A racemase as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer. JAMA 287:1662–1670.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brooks JD, Weinstein M, Lin X, et al (1998) CG island methylation changes near the GSTP1 gene in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7:531–536.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lee WH, Isaacs WB, Bova GS, et al (1997) CG island methylation changes near the GSTP1 gene in prostatic carcinoma cells detected using the polymerase chain reaction: a new prostate cancer biomarker. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6:443–450.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee WH, Morton RA, Epstein JI, et al (1994) Cytidine methylation of regulatory sequences near the pi-class glutathione S-transferase gene accompanies human prostatic carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:11733–11737.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nakayama M (2003) Hypermethylation of the human GSTP1 CpG island is present in a subset of proliferative inflammatory atrophy lesions but not normal or hyperplastic epithelium of the prostate: a detailed study using laser capture microdissection. Am J Pathol 163:923–933.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Qian J, Jenkins RB, Bostwick DG (1999) Genetic and chromosomal alterations in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Eur Urol 35:479–483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McClintock B (1941) The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays. Genetics 26:234–282.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Meeker AK, Garcia-Moreno B, Shortle D (1996) Contributions of the ionizable amino acids to the stability of staphylococcal nuclease. Biochemistry 35:6443–6449.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Meeker AK, Sommerfeld HJ, Coffey DS (1996) Telomerase is activated in the prostate and seminal vesicles of the castrated rat. Endocrinology 137:5743–5746.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sommerfeld HJ, Meeker AK, Piatyszek MA, et al (1996) Telomerase activity: a prevalent marker of malignant human prostate tissue. Cancer Res 56:218–222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Meeker AK, Hicks JL, Platz EA, et al (2002) Telomere shortening is an early somatic DNA alteration in human prostate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 62:6405–6409.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Vukovic B, Park PC, Al-Maghrabi J, et al (2003) Evidence of multifocality of telomere erosion in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HPIN) and concurrent carcinoma. Oncogene 22:1978–1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bartsch H, Frank N (1996) Blocking the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds and related carcinogens. IARC Sci Publ, 189–201.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Weitzman SA, Gordon LI (1990) Inflammation and cancer: role of phagocyte-generated oxidants in carcinogenesis. Blood 76:655–663.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Nelson WG, DeMarzo AM, DeWeese TL (2001) The molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer: focus on the earliest steps. Eur Urol 39Suppl 4:8–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. McNeal JE (1968) Regional morphology and pathology of the prostate. Am J Clin Pathol 49:347–357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Franks LM (1954) Atrophy and hyperplasia in the prostate proper. J Pathol Bacteriol 68:617–621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. McNeal JE, Redwine EA, Freiha FS, et al (1988) Zonal distribution of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Correlation with histologic pattern and direction of spread. Am J Surg Pathol 12:897–906.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Billis A. 1998. Prostatic atrophy: An autopsy study of a histologic mimic of adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 11:47–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gardner WA, Jr., Culberson DE (1987) Atrophy and proliferation in the young adult prostate. J Urol 137:53–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Liavag I (1968) Atrophy and regeneration in the pathogenesis of prostate carcinoma. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scan 73:338–350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. McNeal JE (1997) Prostate cancer volume. Am J Surg Pathol 21:1392–1393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Anton RC, Kattan MW, Chakraborty S, et al (1999) Post atrophic hyperplasia of the prostate: lack of association with prostate cancer. Am J Surg Pathol 23:932–936.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Billis A, Luis AM (2003) Inflammatory Atrophy of the prostate. Arch Pathol Lab Med 127:840–844.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Feneley MR, Young MP, Chinyama C, et al (1996) Ki-67 expression in early prostate cancer and associated pathological lesions. J Clin Pathol 49:741–748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ruska KM, Sauvageot J, Epstein JI (1998) Histology and cellular kinetics of prostatic atrophy. Am J Surg Pathol 22:1073–1077.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. De Marzo AM, Marchi VL, Epstein JI, et al (1999) Proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate: implications for prostatic carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 155:1985–1992.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Putzi MJ, De Marzo A (2000) Morphological transitions between proliferative inflammatory atrophy and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Urology 56:828–832.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Bonkhoff H, Stein U, Remberger K (1994) The proliferative function of basal cells in the normal and hyperplastic human prostate. Prostate 22:114–118.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Giannulis I, Montironi R, Magi-Galluzzi C, et al (1993) Frequency and location of mitoses in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Anticancer Res 13:2447–2452.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. McNeal JE, Haillot O, Yemoto C (1995) Cell proliferation in dysplasia of the prostate: analysis by PCNA immunostaining. Prostate 27:258–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. van Leenders GJ, Gage WR, Hicks JL et al (2003) Intermediate cells in human prostate epithelium are enriched in proliferative inflammatory atrophy. Am J Pathol 162:1529–1537.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Verhagen AP, Ramaekers FC, Aalders TW, et al (1992) Colocalization of basal and luminal cell-type cytokeratins in human prostate cancer. Cancer Res 52:6182–6187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Cordon-Cardo C, Koff A, Drobnjak M, et al (1998) Distinct altered patterns of p27KIP1 gene expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:1284–1291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. De Marzo AM, Meeker AK, Epstein JI, et al (1998) Prostate stem cell compartments: expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic cells. Am J Pathol 153:911–919.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Lloyd RV, Erickson LA, Jin L, et al (1999) p27kip1: a multifunctional cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with prognostic significance in human cancers. Am J Pathol 154:313–323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Brawn PN (1982) Adenosis of the prostate: a dysplastic lesion that can be confused with prostate adenocarcinoma. Cancer 49:826–833.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. McNeal JE (1978) Origin and evolution of benign prostatic enlargement. Invest Urol 15:340–345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bostwick DG, Qian J (1995) Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the prostate. Relationship with carcinoma in 217 whole-mount radical prostatectomies. Am J Surg Pathol 19:506–518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Gaudin PB, Epstein JI (1994) Adenosis of the prostate. Histologic features in transurethral resection specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 18:863–870.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Gaudin PB, Epstein JI (1995) Adenosis of the prostate. Histologic features in needle biopsy specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 19:737–747.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Pinto JT, Qiao C, Xing J, et al (2000) Alterations of prostate biomarker expression and testosterone utilization in human LNCaP prostatic carcinoma cells by garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine. Prostate 45:304–314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Yang XJ, Wu CL, Woda BA, et al (2002) Expression of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (P504S) in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the prostate. Am J Surg Pathol 26:921–925.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Cheng L, Shan A, Cheville JC, et al (1998) Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the prostate: a premalignant lesion? Cancer Res 58:389–391.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Doll JA, Zhu X, Furman J, et al (1999) Genetic analysis of prostatic atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (adenosis). Am J Pathol 155:967–971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. McNeal JE (1965) Morphogenesis of prostatic carcinoma. Cancer 18:1659–1666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Erbersdobler A (2002) Tumour grade, proliferation, apoptosis, microvessel density, p53, and bcl-2 in prostate cancers: differences between tumours located in the transition zone and in the peripheral zone. Eur Urol 41:40–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Armenian HK, Lilienfeld AM, Diamond EL, et al (1974) Relation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate. A prospective and retrospective study. Lancet 2:115–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Greenwald P, Kirmss V, Polan AK, et al (1974) Cancer of the prostate among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 53:335–340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Guess HA (2001) Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Epidemiol Rev 23:152–158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Leav I, McNeal JE, Ho SM, et al (2003) Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (P504S) expression in evolving carcinomas within benign prostatic hyperplasia and in cancers of the transition zone. Hum Pathol 34:228–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Cristina Magi-Galluzzi

Authors
  1. Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Angelo M. De Marzo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Etiology and Prevention of Hormonal Cancers, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, 2010 Breidenthal, Kansas City, KS, 66160-7417

    Jonathan J. Li (Profesor of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics and Director) & Sara A. Li (Associate Research Professor of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics) (Profesor of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics and Director) &  (Associate Research Professor of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics)

  2. Departmento de Patologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46071, Spain

    Antonio Llombart-Bosch (Director) (Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Magi-Galluzzi, C., De Marzo, A.M. (2005). Prostate Epithelial Carcinogenesis: Putative and Controversial Precursor Lesions. In: Li, J.J., Li, S.A., Llombart-Bosch, A. (eds) Hormonal Carcinogenesis IV. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23761-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23761-5_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-23783-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-23761-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation