Skip to main content

Immunization Registries: Critical Tools for Sustaining Success

  • Chapter
Public Health Informatics and Information Systems

Part of the book series: Health Informatics ((HI))

  • 1282 Accesses

Overview

Widespread, population-based immunization registries hold the promise of increasing immunization rates in the United States and of effecting a reduction in the rates of morbidity and mortality attributable to vaccine-preventable disease. Such registries also provide both direct and indirect benefits for parents, school officials, providers of vaccination services, and public health organizations. In recent years, public health officials have made considerable progress in assisting states and communities to build such registries. Funding and sponsorship, development of standards, and production of guidelines are only a few of the steps that public health organization have taken to assist state and local health departments to develop and implement immunization registries. Still, the widespread implementation of population-based immunization registries faces many hurdles in the years ahead. Progress in increasing the participation of immunization providers, ensuring the confidentiality of registry information, integrating immunization reporting with provider systems, and securing funding must continue if immunization registries are to deliver the full range of their potential benefits. As support from healthcare organizations and members of the public continues to grow, meeting the registry objective set forth in the publication Healthy People 2010 is clearly realizable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ten Great Public Health Achievements—United States, 1990–1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48:241–243.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Institute of Medicine. Calling the Shots—Immunization Finance Policies and Practices. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Herrera G, Smith P, Daniels D, et al. National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19–35 months—United States, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ. 2000;49(9):1–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Impact of vaccines universally recommended for children—United States, 1990–1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48(12):243–248.

    Google Scholar 

  5. National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19–35 months—United States, July 1996-June 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998;47(6):108–116.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Williams I, Dwyer D, Hirshorn E, et al. Immunization coverage in a population-based sample of Maryland children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:350–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Vaccination coverage by race/ethnicity and poverty level among children aged 19–35 months—United States, 1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46(41):963–969.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Notice to Readers: Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule—United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51(2):31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goldstein K, Daum R. Counting immunisations. Lancet 1994;344:144–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wood D, Halfon N, Sherbourne C, et al. Assessing the accuracy of parental recall of child immunization in an inner city population. Ambul Child Health 1997;4:319–328.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Goldstein K, Kviz F, Daum R. Accuracy of immunization histories provided by adults accompanying preschool children to a pediatric emergency department. JAMA 1993;270:2190–2194.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bates A, Fitzgerald J, Dittus R, Wolinsky F. Risk factors for underimmunization in poor urban infants. JAMA 1994;272:1105–1110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Joffe M, Luberti A. Effect of emergency department immunization on compliance with primary care. Pediatr Emerg Care 1994; 10:317–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Basco W, Recknor J, Darden P. Who needs an immunization in a pediatric subspecialty clinic? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:508–511.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Nordin J. Impact of implementation of a fully functioning immunization registry on immunization rates. Presented at the All Kids Count Annual Immunization Registry Conference; April 1999; St. Paul, MN.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Buschneil C. The ABC’s of practice-based immunization assessments. Presented at the 28th National Immunization Conference; 1994;Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bordley W, Margolis P, Lannon C. The delivery of immunizations and other preventive services in private practices. Pediatrics 1996;97:467–473.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Szilagyi P, Roghmann K, Campbell J, et al. Immunization practices of primary care practitioners and their relation to immunization levels. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:158–166.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rodewald L, Peak R, Ezzati-Rice T, Zell E, Thompson K. Who are the immunization providers for U.S. children: Findings from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Provider Record Check (PRC). Ambul Child Health 1997;3:168.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fowler M, Simpson G, Schoendorf K. Families on the move and children’s healthcare. Pediatrics 1993;91:934–940.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hamlin J, Wood D, Pereyra M, Grabowsky M. Inappropriately timed immunizations: Types, causes, and their relationship to record keeping. Am J Public Health 1996;86:1812 – 1814.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ortega A, Andrews S, Katz S, et al. Comparing a computer-based childhood vaccination registry with parental vaccination cards: A population-based study of Delaware children. Clin Pediatr 1997;36:217–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Szilagyi P, Rodewald L, Humiston S, et al. Missed Opportunities for Childhood Vaccinations in Office Practices and the Effect on Vaccination Status. Pediatrics 1993;91:1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Watson M, Feldman K, Sugar N, et al. Inadequate History as a Barrier to Immunization. A rch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:135–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Murphy T, Pastor P, Medley F. Factors associated with unnecessary immunization given to children. Pediatr Infec Dis J 1997;16:47–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Feikema S, Klevens R, Washington M, Barker, L. Extraimmunization among U.S. children. JAMA 2000;283:1311–1317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Briss P, Rodewald L, Hinman A, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):97–140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shefer A, Briss P, Rodewald L, et al. Improving immunization coverage rates: An evidence-based review of the literature. Epidemiol Rev 1999;21:96–142.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Shefer A, Maes E, Brink E, Mize J, Passino J. Assessment and related immunization issues in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children: A status report. J Public Health Manage Pract 1996;2:34–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. LeBaron C, Massoudi M, Stevenson J, Dang H, Lyons B. The status of immunization measurement and feedback in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adoles Med 2000; 154:832–836.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. National Vaccine Advisory Committee. Development of community- and state-based immunization registries. January 12, 1999. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry/nvac.htm. Accessed April 2, 2002.

  32. Mack S, Carlson R, Ryan A, Hughes G, Prendergast T. Crude trend analysis of the average age children receive selected immunization in San Bernardino County. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kempe A, Steiner J, Beaty B, et al. How much does a regional immunization registry increase documented immunization rates in a rural private practice? Presented at the 34th National Immunization Conference; July 2000; Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  34. McChesney M. Use of Arizona’s Health Links Registry. Presented at the Western Governors Association meeting; June 1999; Jackson Hole , WY.

    Google Scholar 

  35. La Venture M, Olson M, Brand B, et al. Creating a statewide immunization registry: A tool for physicians and public health. Minn Med 1997;80:50–52.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Tormey P, McConnell P, Coppola D, et al. Changes in immunization rates and practices over time: Data from a collaborative city wide immunization registry. Presented at the 31st National Immunization Conference; May 1997; Detroit, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Yawn B, Edmonson L, Huber L, et al. The impact of a simulated immunization registry on perceived childhood immunization status. Am J Managed Care 1998;4:185–192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Brooks D, Johnson K, Livingston L. Can computer-based immunization tracking aid in improving age-appropriate immunization rates for low income urban children in a managed-care setting? Presented at the 31st National Immunization Conference; May 1977; Detroit, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Lieu T, Black S, Sorel M, Ray P, Shinefield H. Would better adherence to guidelines improve childhood immunization rates? Pediatrics 1996;98:1062–1068.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Payne T, Kanvik S, Seward R, et al. Development and validation of an immunization tracking system in a large health maintenance organization. Am J Prev Med 1993;9:96–100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Van Acker B, Mcintosh G, Gudes M. Continuous quality improvement techniques enhance HMO members’ immunization rates. J Healthcare Qual 1994;20:36–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Murphy T, Gargiullo P, Massoudi M, Nelson D, et al. Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine. New Engl J Med 2001;344:564–572.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Fowler K. An immunization registry provider feedback module—the missing link in registries: An Arkansas case example. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Fontanesi J. A cost-benefit analysis of electronic immunization registries. Presented at the 33rd National Immunization Conference; June 1999; Dallas, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Blose D. Using registries to monitor the implementation of new vaccine recommendations. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Boyd R. Using immunization registries to speed public acceptance of changes in vaccine usage. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Canavan B. Using registry data to assess the impact of changes in the vaccine schedule. Presented at the 2001 Immunization Registry Conference. July 2001: Little Rock, AR.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Poydence K, Baiter S, Stevenson J, et al. Utilization of a metropolitan immunization registry to examine implementation of Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7). Presented at the 2001 Immunization Registry Conference; July 2001; Little Rock, AR.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Bean L, Kontuly T, Schulthies S, Xu W. Linking Utah WIC and immunization information systems. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Metroka A, Walker D, Arzt N, Salkowitz S. Integration of the New York City wide Immunization Registry and LeadQuest. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Brackbill R, Walker D, Metroka A. The role of an immunization registry in community health assessment. Presented at the 34th National Immunization Conference; July 2000; Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Gubernick R, Boclair L, DeAngelo-Cashman S. Community partnerships: A key factor in the deployment of an immunization registry. Am J Prev Med 1997;13(suppl): 86–89).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hoekstra E, LeBaron C, Megaloeconomou Y, et al. Impact of a large-scale immunization initiative in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), Chicago 1996–1997. JAMA 1998;280:1143–1147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wood D, Halfon N. Reconfiguring child health services in the inner city. JAMA 1998;280:1182–1183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hall K, Zimmerman A, Samos J, et al. Coordinating care for children’s health: A public health integrated information systems approach. Am J Prev Med 1997;13(suppl): 32–36.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Pease J. Maine’s experience partnering with Medicaid. Presented at the All Kids Count Conference; April 1998; New Orleans, LA.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Atkinson W, Orenstein W, Krugman S. The resurgence of measles in the United States, 1989–1990. Annu Rev Med 1992;43:451–463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. National Vaccine Advisory Committee. Strategies to sustain success in childhood immunizations. JAMA 1999:282,363–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Orenstein W. Immunization registries. Presented at the American Academy of Pediatrics Meeting; October 1993; Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Watson W, Saarlas K, Hearn R, Russell R. The All Kids Count National Program: A Robert Wood Johnson Foundation initiative to develop immunization registries. Am J Prev Med 1997;13(suppl):3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  61. National Vaccine Advisory Committee Subcommittee on Vaccination Registries. Developing a national childhood immunization information system: registries, reminders, and recall. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  62. The White House. Office of the Press Secretary. Remarks by the President in Immunization-Child Care Announcement; July 23, 1997. Available at: http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/New/html/19970723–2969.html. Accessed April 2, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Linkins R. Current status of registries. Presented at the 2001 Immunization Registry Conference; July 2001; Little Rock, AR.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Horlick G, Beeler S, Linkins R. A review of state legislation related to immunization registries. Am J Prev Med 2001;3:208–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Immunization Registry Clearinghouse. Focus group research on immunization registries—Fall 1998. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry/fg/fg.htm. Accessed April 2, 2002.

  66. Immunization registry use and progress. United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51(3):53–56.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Bordley W, Dempsey-Tanner T, Freed G, Lister M. Challenges to private provider participation in immunization registries. Am J Prev Med 1997;13(suppl 1):66–70.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Pappas M, Baker B, Appelbaum D, et al. Immunization registries: Provider recruitment and participation. Am J Prev Med 1997;13(suppl 1):71–76.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Rask K, Wells K, Kohler S, et al. The cost to providers of participating in an immunization registry. Am J Prev Med 2000; 19:99–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Sinn J, Kroneburg M, Morrow A. The purpose and functions of immunization information systems within health care organizations. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:615–620.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Stoltman G, Swanson B, McLaury D. Privacy, confidentiality and other concerns of parents and providers. Presented at the All Kids Count Conference; April 1999; St. Paul, MN.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Wood D, Saarlas K, Inkelas M, Matyas B. Immunization registries in the United States: Implications for the practice of public health in a changing health care system. Annu Rev Public Health 1999;20:231–255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. LaVenture M, Gatewood L, Roody M, Olson M. Key factors supporting provider participation in immunization registries. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Slifkin R, Freeman V, Biddle A. Costs of developing childhood immunization registries: Case studies from four All Kids Count projects. J Public Health Manage Pract 1999;5:67–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Pratt H, Goun B, Alexander L, et al. A cost-effectiveness analysis model for immunization registries: The New Jersey experience. Am J Prev Med 1997;13(suppl 1):115–119.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Immunization Program. Community Immunization Registry Manual. Chapter II: Confidentiality. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry. Accessed April 2, 2002.

  77. US Department of Health and Human Services. Standards for privacy of individually identifiable health information: Final rule, December 28, 2000 [45 CFR parts 160 through 164]. Federal Register 2000;65:82462–82829.

    Google Scholar 

  78. US Department of Health and Human Services. Confidentiality of individually identifiable health information. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Immunization Program. Programmer’s Guide to the Automated Immunization Algorithm. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry. Accessed April 2, 2002.

  80. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Immunization Program. Immunization decision support algorithm and test cases. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry. Accessed April 2, 2002.

  81. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Immunization Program. Implementation Guide for Immunization Data Transactions using Version 2.3.1 of the Health Level Seven Standard Protocol. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry.AccessedApril 2, 2002.

  82. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Immunization Program. CVX and MVX codes. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry. Accessed April 2, 2002.

  83. US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010 (Conference ed., vol 1). Washington, D.C.: US Department of Health and Human Services; January 2000. Available at http://www.health.gov/healthypeople. Accessed April 2, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Progress in development of immunization registries. United States, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001;50(1):3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Walker D, Papadouka V, Huie S, et al. Effect of time and feedback on the quality of data reported via billing systems. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Blosberg J. Immunization billing audit—quality data in registry + improved clinic practice. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Fairbrother G, Papadouka V, Walker D. New York Citywide Immunization Registry: Accuracy and completeness of data extracted from billing systems. Presented at the 34th National Immunization Conference; July 2000; Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Bartlett D, Urquhart G, Linkins R. The relationship between immunization registry operational status and accurate vaccination coverage estimates among children aged 19–35 months. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Horne P, Saarlas K, Hinman A. Costs of immunization registries. Experience from the all kids count II projects. Am J Prev Med. 2000;19:94–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Stevenson J, Wright B, Huggins V. The National Immunization Survey registry validation study. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Rask K, Wells K, Kohler S, et al. Measuring immunization registry costs—promises and pitfalls. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18:262–267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Canavan B. Sustaining immunization registries through innovative funding strategies. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 27, 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Berg T. Marketing HEDIS data to supplement registry revenue. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Xu W, Williams S, Harston D, Hasbrouk D, Lewis T. Methodology of developing a cost-sharing funding formula for a statewide immunization registry. Presented at the 2000 Immunization Registry Conference; March 27, 2000; Newport, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Horne P, Saarlas K, Hinman A. Update on immunization registries [letter]. Am J Prev Med 2001;20:174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Linkins, R.W. (2003). Immunization Registries: Critical Tools for Sustaining Success. In: O’Carroll, P.W., Ripp, L.H., Yasnoff, W.A., Ward, M.E., Martin, E.L. (eds) Public Health Informatics and Information Systems. Health Informatics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22745-8_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22745-8_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3018-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-22745-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics