Abstract
In an optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) network, link or node failures may result in huge amounts of lost data, due to the enormous fiber throughput. This requires that optical WDM network be designed to be resilient to failures. Thus, survivability can be defined as the ability to respond gracefully to such failures. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of various mechanisms proposed to achieve survivability. The survey considers different topologies, different failure models, implementation issues, signaling issues and quality-of-protection issues.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
P. Green, “Progress in optical networking,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39, pp. 54–61, Jan. 2001.
K. Sivalingam and S. Subramaniam, eds., Optical WDM Networks: Principles and Practice. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective. Morgan, Kaufmann, 2 ed., 2001.
B. Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks. Addison Wesley, 1997.
S. Ramamurthy and B. Mukherjee, “Survivable WDM mesh networks Part 1-Protection,” in Proc.IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, (New York, NY), pp. 744–751, Mar. 1999.
S. Ramamurthy and B. Mukherjee, “Survivable WDM mesh networks, Part II-Restoration,” in Proc. International Conference on Communications (ICC), (Vancouver, Canada), pp. 2023–2030, June 1999.
M. Medard, S. G. Finn, and R. A. Barry, “WDM loop-back recovery in mesh networks,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, (New York, NY), 1999.
W. Grover, Mesh-based Survivable Networks: Options and Strategies for Optical, MPLS, SONET and ATM Networking. Prentice Hall PTR, 2003.
J. Doucette and W. D. Grover, “Capacity Design Studies of Span-Restorable Mesh Networks with Shared-Risk Link Group (SRLG) Effects,” in Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, (Boston, MA), July 2002.
O. Gerstel and R. Ramaswami, “Optical Layer Survivability-An Implementation Perspective,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, pp. 1885–1923, Oct. 2000.
D. Zhou and S. Subramaniam, “Survivability in optical networks,” IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 14, pp. 16–23, Nov. 2000.
G. Mohan, C. S. R. Murthy, and A. Somani, “Efficient algorithms for routing dependable connections in WDM optical networks,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 9, pp. 553–566, Oct. 2001.
R. R. Iraschko, W. D. Grover, and M. H. MacGregor, “A distributed real time path restoration protocol with performance close to centralized multi-commodity maxflow,” in Proc. International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN), (Brugge, Belgium), May 1998.
S. S. Lumettaand M. Medard, “Towards a deeper understanding of link restoration algorithms for mesh networks,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, (Anchorage, AK), Apr. 2001.
J. B. Slevinsky, W. D. Grover, and M. H. MacGregor, “An algorithm for survivable network design employing multiple self-healing rings,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, (Houston, TX), pp. 1568–1572, Nov. 1993.
G. Maier, S. D. Patre, A. Pattavina, and M. Martinelli, “Optical network survivability: protection techniques in the WDM layer,” Photonic Network Communications, vol. 4, pp. 251–269, July 2002.
G. Ellinas, A. Hailermarian, and T. Stern, “Protection cycles in mesh WDM networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, pp. 1924–1937, Oct. 2000.
D. Stamatelakis and W. D. Grover, “IP Layer Restoration and Network Planning Based on Virtual Protection Cycles,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, pp. 1938–1949, Oct. 2000.
G. Ellinas, A. G. Hailemariam and T. E. Stern, “Protection Cycles in Mesh WDM Networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, pp. 1924–1937, Oct. 2000.
G. Mohan and A. K. Somani, “Routing dependable connections with specified failure restoration guarantees,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, (Tel-Aviv, Israel), Apr. 2000.
S. Gowda and K. M. Sivalingam, “Protection Mechanisms for Optical WDM Networks based on Wavelength Converter Multiplexing and Backup Path Relocation Techniques,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, (San Francisco, CA), Mar. 2003.
R. Shenai, C. Macciocco, M. Mishra, and K. Sivalingam, “Threshold based selective link restoration for optical WDM mesh networks,” in Proc. International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN), (Banff, AB), Oct. 2003.
S. Sengupta and R. Ramamurthy, “From Network Design to Dynamic Provisioning and Restoration in Optical XC Mesh Networks: An Architecture and Algorithm Overview,” IEEE Network, pp. 46–54, Jul/Aug 2001.
H. Krishnamurthy, K. M. Sivalingam, and M. Mishra, “Restoration mechanisms based on tunable lasers for handling channel and link failures in optical WDM networks,” in Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, (Boston, MA), July 2002.
H. Choi, S. Subramaniam, and H.-A. Choi, “On Double-Link Failure Recovery, in WDM Optical Networks,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, (New York, NY), June 2002.
W. He, M. Sridharan and A. K. Somani, “Capacity Optimization for Surviving Double-Link Failures in Mesh-Restorable Optical Networks,” in Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, (Boston, MA), July 2002.
M. Sivakumar, C. Maciocco, M. Mishra, and K. Sivalingam, “A Hybrid Protection-Restoration Mechanism for Enhancing Dual-Failure Restorability in Optical Mesh-Restorable Networks,” in Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, (Dallas, TX), pp. 37–48, Oct. 2003.
Y. Liu and D. Tipper, “Successive Survivable Routing for Node Failures,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, (San Antonio, TX), pp. 25–29, Nov. 2001.
S. Kim and S. S. Lumetta, “Addressing node failure in all-optical networks,” Journal of Optical Networking, vol. 1, pp. 154–163, Apr. 2002.
M. Clouqueur and W. Grover, “Mesh-restorable networks with enhanced dual-failure restorability properties,” in Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, (Boston, MA), July 2002.
C. Vijayasaradhi and C. S. R. Murthy, “Routing differentiated reliable connections in single and multi-fiber WDM optical networks,” in Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, (Denver, CO), pp. 24–35, Aug. 2001.
O. Gerstel and G. Sasaki, “Quality of protection (QoP): a quantitative unifying paradigm to protection service grades,” in Proc. SPIE OPTICOMM, (Denver, CO), pp. 12–23, Aug. 2001.
R. Doverspike and J. Yates, “Challenges in MPLS in optical network restoration,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39, pp. 89–97, Feb. 2000.
S. Chaudhuri, G. Hjalmtysson, and J. Yates, “Control of lightpaths in an optical network.” IETF draft and OIF submission 2000.4, 2000.
C. Assi, Y. Ye, Abdallah, S. Dixit, and M. Ali, “On the merits of IP/MPLS protection/restoration in IP over WDM networks,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, (San Antonio, TX), pp. 65–69, 2001.
G. Li, J. Yates, R. Doverspike, and D. Wang, “Experiments in Fast Restoration using GM-PLS in Optical/Electronic Mesh Networks,” in Proc. of Optical Fiber Communications (OFC), (Anaheim, CA), Mar. 2001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sivakumar, M., Shenai, R.K., Sivalingam, K.M. (2005). A Survey of Survivability Techniques for Optical WDM Networks. In: Sivalingam, K.M., Subramaniam, S. (eds) Emerging Optical Network Technologies. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22584-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22584-6_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-22582-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-22584-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)