Conclusions
The past 10 years have seen a tremendous evolution in the treatment of esophageal achalasia. We believe that the results obtained by minimally invasive surgery have convincingly put to rest the controversy between pneumatic dilatation and Heller myotomy. A laparoscopic Heller myotomy and partial fundoplication should be considered today the first line of treatment for patients with achalasia, relegating pneumatic dilatation to a secondary role for failures of surgery or when adequate surgical expertise is not available.
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Patti, M.G., Diener, U., Pellegrini, C.A. (2004). Laparoscopic Esophageal Myotomy. In: MacFadyen, B.V., et al. Laparoscopic Surgery of the Abdomen. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21780-0_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21780-0_4
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