Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Palefsky J. Anal cancer in HIV-positive individuals: an emerging problem. AIDS 1994; 8:283–95.
Richart RM, Barron BA. A follow-up study of patients with cervical dysplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105:383–93.
Kurman RJ, Solomon D. The Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses: definitions, criteria and explanatory notes for terminology and specimen adequacy. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Hogeboom CJ, et al. Anal cytology as a screening tool for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1997; 14:415–22.
Zaki SR, Judd R, Coffield LM, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and anal carcinoma. Retrospective analysis by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Pathol 1992; 140:1345–55.
Frisch M, Glimelius B, van den Brule AJ, et al. Sexually transmitted infection as a cause of anal cancer. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:1350–8.
Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol 1999; 189:12–9.
Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. International Biological Study on Cervical Cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:796–802.
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Gonzales J, et al. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51:1014–9.
Qualters JR, Lee NC, Smith RA, et al. Breast and cervical cancer surveillance, United States, 1973–1987. MMWR 1992; 41:1–15.
Melbye M, Rabkin C, Frisch M, et al. Changing patterns of anal cancer incidence in the United States, 1940–1989. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139:772–80.
Daling JR, Weiss NS, Hislop TG, et al. Sexual practices, sexually transmitted diseases, and the incidence of anal cancer. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:973–7.
Daling JR, Weiss NS, Klopfenstein LL, et al. Correlates of homosexual behavior and the incidence of anal cancer. JAMA 1982; 247:1988–90.
Holly EA, Whittemore AS, Aston DA, et al. Anal cancer incidence: genital warts, anal fissure or fistula, hemorrhoids, and smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81:1726–31.
Ogunbiyi OA, Scholefield JH, Robertson G, et al. Anal human papillomavirus infection and squamous neoplasia in patients with invasive vulvar cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83:212–6.
Melbye M, Sprogel P. Aetiological parallel between anal cancer and cervical cancer. Lancet 1991; 338:657–9.
Goedert JJ, Cote TR, Virgo P, et al. Spectrum of AIDS-associated malignant disorders. Lancet 1998; 351:1833–9.
Serraino D, Carrieri P, Pradie C, et al. Risk of invasive cervical cancer among women with, or at risk for, HIV infection, Int J Cancer 1999; 82:334–7.
Frisch M. Fourth International AIDS Malignancy Conference, Bethesda, MD, May 15–18, 2000.
Critchlow CW, Holmes KK, Wood R, et al. Association of human immunodeficiency virus and anal human papillomavirus infection among homosexual men. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152:1673–6.
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ralston ML, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection of the anal canal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men. J Infect Dis 1998; 177:361–7.
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ralston ML, et al. Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men: prevalence and risk factors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1998; 17:320–6.
Critchlow CW, Surawicz CM, Holmes KK, et al. Prospective study of high grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of homosexual men: influence of HIV infection, immunosuppression and human papillomavirus infection. AIDS 1995; 9:1255–62.
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ralston ML, et al. High incidence of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men. AIDS 1998; 12:495–503.
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Hogeboom CJ, et al. Virologic, immunologic, and clinical parameters in the incidence and progression of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1998; 17:314–9.
Xi LF, Koutsky LA, Galloway DA, et al. Genomic variation of human papillomavirus type 16 and risk for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89:796–802.
Xi LF, Critchlow CW, Wheeler CM, et al. Risk of anal carcinoma in situ in relation to human papillomavirus type 16 variants. Cancer Res 1998; 58:3839–44.
Williams AB, Darragh TM, Vranizan K, et al. Anal and cervical human papillomavirus infection and risk of anal and cervical epithelial abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83:205–11.
Melbye M, Smith E, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Anal and cervical abnormality in women-prediction by human papillomavirus tests. Int J Cancer 1996; 68:559–64.
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ralston ML, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women. J Infec Dis 2001; 183:383–391.
Moscicki AB, Shiboski S, Broering J, et al. The natural history of human papillomavirus infection as measured by repeated DNA testing in adolescent and young women. J Pediatr 1998; 132:277–84.
Holly EA, Ralston ML, Darragh TM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:843–9.
Palefsky JM. Human papillomavirus infection and anogenital neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men and women. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1998; 23:15–20.
Heard I, Schmitz V, Costagliola D, et al. Early regression of cervical lesions in HIV-seropositive women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 1998; 12:1459–64.
Minkoff H, Ahdieh L, Massad S, et al. The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical cytologic changes associated with oncogenic HPV among HIV-infected women [abstr.]. 18th International Papillomavirus Conference; 2000 July 23–28; Barcelona, Spain.
Uberti-Foppa C, Lillo F, Ferari D. Longitudinal study on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the clinical outcome of HPV-related lesions in HIV-positive women [abstr.]. XIII International AIDS Conference, 2000 July 9–14; Durban, South Africa.
Carpenter CCJ, Cooper DA, Fischl MA, et al. Antiretroviral therapy in adults. updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA 2000; 283:381–90.
Jay N, Holly EA, Berry M, et al. Colposcopic correlates of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40:919–28.
Goldie SJ, Kuntz KM, Weinstein MW, et al. The clinical-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in homosexual and bisexual HIV positive men. JAMA 1999; 281:1822–9.
Goldie SJ, Kuntz KM, Weinstein MC, et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and anal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-negative homosexual and bisexual men. Am J Med 2000; 8:634–41.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Palefsky, J.M. (2002). Anus. In: Franco, E.L., Rohan, T.E. (eds) Cancer Precursors. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21605-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21605-7_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-95188-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-21605-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive