Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Higgins CB. Essentials of cardiac radiology and imaging. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1992.
Grossman W. Cardiac catheterization and angiography, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1986:31.
van Rossum AC, Bedaux WL, Hofman MB. Morphologic and functional evaluation of coronary artery bypass conduits. J Magn Reson Imag 1999;10(5):734–40.
Duerinckx AJ, Atkinson DP, Mintorovitch J, Simonetti OP, Urman MK. Two-dimensional coronary MR angiography: limitations and artifacts. Eur Radiology 1996;6(3):312–25.
Soto B, Kassner EG, Baxley WA. Imaging of cardiac disorders. Volume 2: acquired diseases. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott/Gower Medical Publishing, 1992.
Dodge JT Jr, Brown BG, Bolson EL, Dodge HT. Lumen diameter of normal human coronary arteries. Influence of age, sex, anatomic variation, and left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation. Circulation 1992;86:232–46.
MacAlpin RN, Abbassi AS, Grollman JH, Eber L. Human coronary artery size during life. A cinearteriographic study. Radiology 1973;108:567–576.
Bergstrand L, Bylund H, Erikson U, et al. Distribution of coronary atherosclerosis and its correlation to metabolic risk factors and femoral atherosclerosis. Acta Radiol 1994;33:481–86.
Aro A, Soimakallio S, Voutilainen E, Ehnholm C, Wiljasalo M. Serum lipoprotein and apoprotein levels as indicators of the severity of angiographically assessed coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1986;62:219–25.
Freedman DS, Gruchow HW, Jacobsen SJ, Anderson AJ, King JF, Barboriak JJ. Risk factors and the anatomic distribution of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1989; 75:227–36.
Perez GO, Mendez AJ, Goldberg RB, et al. Correlates of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries of patients undergoing angiographic evaluation. Angiology 1990;41:525–32.
Chang PJ, Bayesian analysis revisited: a radiologist’s survival guide. Am J Roentgenol 1989;152:721–27.
Hillis LD, Winniford MD. Frequency of severe (70% or more) narrowing of the right, left anterior descending, and left circumflex coronary arteries in right dominant circulations with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:358–59.
Feit A, Khan R, Sheriff NE, Reddy CVR. Nonrandom occurrence of single-vessel coronary artery disease. Am J Med 1984;77:683–84.
Waller B. Anatomy, histology, and pathology of the major epicardial coronary arteries relevant to echocardiographic imaging techniques. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1989;2(4):232–52.
Wang Y, Vidan E, Bergman GW. Cardiac motion of coronary arteries: variability in the rest period and implications for coronary MR angiography. Radiology 1999; 213(3):751–58.
Karwatowski SP, Mohiaddin RH, Yang GZ, Firmin DN, St John Sutton M, Underwood SR. Regional myocardial velocity image by magnetic resonance in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Br Heart J 1994;72(4):332–38.
Karwatowski SP, Mohiaddin R, Yang GZ, et al. Assessment of regional left ventricular long-axis motion with MR velocity mapping in healthy subjects. J Magn Reson Imag 1994;4(2):151–55.
Kong Y, Morris JJ, McIntosh HD. Assessment of regional myocardial performance from biplane coronary cineangiograms. Am J Cardiol 1971;27:529–37.
Hofman MB, Wickline SA, Lorenz CH. Quantification of in-plane motion of the coronary arteries during the cardiac cycle: implications for acquisition window duration for MR flow quantification. J Magn Reson Imag 1998; 8(3):568–76.
Holland AE, Goldfarb JW, Edelman RR. Diaphragmatic and cardiac motion during suspended breathing: preliminary experience and implications for breath-hold MR imaging. Radiology 1998;209(2):483–89.
Wang Y, Grist TM, Korosec FR, et al. Respiratory blur in 3D coronary MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 1995;33(4): 541–48.
Wang Y, Riederer SJ, Ehman RL. Respiratory motion of the heart: kinematics and implications for the spatial resolution in coronary imaging. Magn Reson Med 1995;33(5): 713–19.
Sachs TS, Meyer CH, Hu BS, Kohli J, Nishimura DG, Macovski A. Real-time motion detection in spiral MRI using navigators. Magn Reson Med 1994;32(5):639–45.
Fu Z, Wang Y, Grimm RC, et al. Orbital navigator echoes for motion measurement in magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 1995;34(5):746–53.
Li D, Kaushikkar S, Woodard P, Dhawale P, Haacke EM. Three-dimensional MRI of coronary arteries (abstr). In: Book of abstracts of VII International Workshop on Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Matsuyama, Japan: October 12–14, 1995.
Taylor AM, Jhooti P, Firmin DN, Pennell DJ. Automated monitoring of diaphragm end-expiratory position for realtime navigator echo MR coronary angiography. J Magn Reson Imag 1999;9(3):395–401.
Taylor AM, Keegan J, Jhooti P, Firmin DN, Pennell DJ. Calculation of a subject-specific adaptive motion-correction factor for improved real-time navigator echo-gated magnetic resonance coronary angiography. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 1999;1(2):131–38.
Danias PG, Stuber M, Botnar RM, Kissinger KV, Edelman RR, Manning WJ. Relationship between motion of coronary arteries and diaphragm during free breathing: lessons from real-time MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 1999;172(4):1061–65.
Taylor AM, Keegan J, Jhooti P, Gatehouse PD, Firmin DN, Pennell DJ. Differences between normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease for three different MR coronary angiography respiratory suppression techniques. J Magn Reson Imag 1999;9(6):786–93.
Manning WJ, Li W, Edelman RR. A preliminary report comparing magnetic resonance coronary angiography with conventional angiography. N Engl J Med 1993;328: 828–32.
Iliceto S, Memmola C, Marangelli V, Caiato C, Rizzon P. Evaluation of coronary artery anatomy and physiology with the use of transesophageal echocardiography. Cor Art Dis 1992;3:357–63.
Siostrzonek P, Kranz A, Heinz G, et al. Noninvasive estimation of coronary flow reserve by transesophageal Doppler measurements of coronary sinus flow. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:1334–37.
Iliceto S, Marangelli V, Memmola C, Rizzon P. Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography evaluation of coronary blood flow velocity in baseline conditions and during dipyridamole-induced coronary vasodilation. Circulation 1991;83:61–69.
Fusejima K, Takahara Y, Sudo Y, Murayama H, Masuda Y, Inagaki Y. Comparison of coronary hemodynamics in patients with internal mammary artery and saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: a noninvasive approach using combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Card 1990;15(1):131–39.
Bandyk D, Galbraith T, Haasler G, Almassi H. Blood flow velocity of internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts to the coronary arteries. J Surg Res 1988;44:342–51.
Fujiwara T, Kajiya F, Kanazawa S, et al. Comparison of blood-flow velocity waveforms in different coronary artery bypass grafts: sequential saphenous vein grafts and internal mammary artery grafts. Circulation 1988;78:1210–17.
vanRossum AC, Visser FC, Hofman MBM, Galjee MA, Westerhof N, Valk J. Global left ventricular perfusion: noninvasive measurement with cine MR imaging and phase velocity mapping of coronary venous outflow. Radiology 1992;182:685–91.
Paschal C, Haacke E, Adler L, Finelli DA. Magnetic resonance coronary artery imaging. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1992;15:23–31.
Mukundan S, Oshinski JN, Pettigrew RI. Breath-hold turbo cine MRI for 4D localization of coronary arteries (abstr.). In: Printed program of the first meeting of the Society of Magnetic Resonance (SMR). Dallas, Texas, March 5–9, 1994; J Magn Reson Imag 1994;4(P):80.
Kenny A, Shapiro LM. Identification of coronary artery stenosis and poststenotic blood flow patterns using a miniature high-frequency epicardial transducer. Circulation 1994;89:731–39.
Ofili EO, Labovitz AJ, Kern MJ. Coronary flow velocity dynamics in normal and diseased arteries. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:30D–39D.
DeBono DP, Samani NJ, Spyt TJ, Hartshorne T, Thrush AJ, Evans DH. Transcutaneous ultrasound measurements of blood-flow in internal mammary artery to coronary artery grafts. Lancet 1992;339:379–81.
Canver CC, Dame NA. Ultrasonic assessment of internal thoracic artery graft flow in the revascularized heart. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:135–38.
Ge J, Erbel R, Gerber T, et al. Intravascular ultrasound imaging of angiographically normal coronary arteries: a prospective study in vivo. Br Heart J 1994;71:572–78.
Tomoike H, Ootsubo H, Sakai K, Kikuchi Y, Nakamura M. Continuous measurements of coronary artery diameter in situ. Am J Physiol 1981;240:H73–H79.
Clarke GD, Eckels R, Chaney C, et al. Measurement of absolute epicardial coronary artery flow and flow reserve with breathhold cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 1995;91(10):2627–34.
Hoffman JIE. Maximal coronary flow and the concept of coronary vascular reserve. Circulation 1984;70:153–59.
Li D, Paschal CB, Haacke EM, Adler LP. Coronary arteries: three-dimensional MR imaging with fat saturation and magnetization transfer contrast. Radiology 1993;187:401–6.
Wielopolski P, van Geuns RJ, de Feyter PJ, Oudkerk M. Breath-hold coronary MR angiography with volume targeted imaging. Radiology 1998;209:209–20.
Brittain JH, Hu BS, Wright GA, Meyer CH, Macovski A, Nishimura DG. Coronary angiography with magnetization-prepared T2 contrast. Magn Reson Med 1995;33(5): 689–96.
Botnar RM, Stuber M, Danias PG, Kissinger KV, Manning WJ. Improved coronary artery definition with T2-weighted, free-breathing, three-dimensional coronary MRA. Circulation 1999;99(24):3139–48.
Worthley SG, Helft G, Fayad Z, et al. MR imaging documents coronary artery atherosclerotic severity and composition: Ex vivo and in vivo studies in a porcine model (abstr.). In: Cardiovascular Imaging 1999. The 27th Annual Meeting of the North American Society for Cardiac Imaging (NASCI), Nov 6, 1999, Atlanta, GA: 1999.
Botnar RM, Stuber M, Kissinger KV, Manning WJ. Real-time navigator gated and corrected coronary vessel wall imaging (abstr.). In: Cardiovascular Imaging 1999. The 27th Annual Meeting of the North American Society for Cardiac Imaging (NASCI), Nov 6, 1999, Atlanta, GA: 1999.
Botnar RM, Stuber M, Kissinger KV, Manning WJ. In vivo imaging of coronary artery wall in humans using navigator and free-breathing (abstr.). In: Book of Abstracts and Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM 2000 Proceedings Available on CD-ROM). Denver, CO April 1–7, 2000.
Fayad ZA, Fuster V, Fallon JT, et al. Noninvasive in vivo human coronary artery lumen and wall imaging using black blood MR (abstr.). In: Book of Abstracts and Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM 2000 Proceedings Available on CD-ROM). Denver, CO April 1–7, 2000.
Zheng J, Li D, Finn JP, Simonetti O, Cavagna FM. Coronary vessel wall MR imaging: Initial experience. (abstr.). In: Book of Abstracts and Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM 2000 Proceedings Available on CD-ROM). Denver, CO April 1–7, 2000.
Yuan C, Petty C, O’Brien KD, Hatsukami TS, Eary JF, Brown BG. In vitro and in situ magnetic resonance imaging signal features of atherosclerotic plaque-associated lipids. Thrombosis,..., Arteriosclerosis 1997;17(8):1496–1503.
Trouard TP, Altbach MI, Hunter GC, Eskelson CD, Gmitro AF. MRI and NMR spectroscopy of the lipids of atherosclerotic plaque in rabbits and humans. Magn Reson Med 1997;38(1):19–26.
Toussaint JF, Southern JF, Kantor HL, Jang IK, Fuster V. Behavior of atherosclerotic plaque components after in vitro angioplasty and atherectomy studied by high field MR imaging. Magn Reson Imag 1998;16(2):175–83.
Hatsukami TS, Ferguson MS, Beach KW, et al. Carotid plaque morphology and clinical events. Stroke 1997;28(1): 95–100.
Bonn D. Plaque detection: the key to tackling atherosclerosis? [news]. Lancet 1999;354(9179):656.
Luk-Pat GT, Gold GE, Olcott EW, Hu BS, Nishimura DG. High-resolution three-dimensional in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaque. Magn Reson Med 1999;42(4):762–71.
Shinnar M, Fallon JT, Wehrli S, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of ex vivo MRI for human atherosclerotic plaque characterization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19(11): 2756–61.
Zimmermann-Paul GG, Quick HH, Vogt P, von Schulthess GK, Kling D, Debatin JF. High-resolution intravascular magnetic resonance imaging: monitoring of plaque formation in heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Circulation 1999;99(8):1054–61.
Fayad ZA, Fuster V, Fallon JT, et al. Noninvasive in vivo human coronary artery lumen and wall imaging using black-blood magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2000;102(5):506–10.
Fayad ZA, Fuster V. Characterization of atherosclerotic plaques by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000;902:173–86.
Fischer A, Gutstein DE, Fayad, ZA, Fuster V. Predicting plaque rupture: enhancing diagnosis and clinical decision-making in coronary artery disease. Vasc Med 2000;5(3): 163–72.
Rogers WJ, Prichard JW, Hu YL, et al. Characterization of signal properties in atherosclerotic plaque components by intravascular MRI. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20(7):1824–30.
Worthley SG, Helft G, Fuster V, et al. Serial in vivo MRI documents arterial remodeling in experimental atherosclerosis. Circulation 2000;101(6):586–89.
Worthley SG, Helft G, Fuster V, et al. Noninvasive in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of experimental coronary artery lesions in a porcine model. Circulation 2000;101(25): 2956–61.
Worthley SG, Helft G, Fuster V, et al. High resolution ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging of in situ coronary and aortic atherosclerotic plaque in a porcine model. Atherosclerosis 2000;150(2):321–29.
Worthley SG, Helft G, Fayad ZA, et al. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging and asymptomatic aortic dissection. Circulation 2000;101(23):2771.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Duerinckx, A.J. (2002). Anatomy and Physiology of Coronary Arteries. In: Duerinckx, A.J. (eds) Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21590-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21590-5_2
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-94959-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-21590-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive