Abstract
The growing complexity of real-time software is generating an increasing demand for (specialized) UML as a modeling language for real-time systems. Verification of non-functional properties is key in hard real-time systems, which are required to perform correctly both in the value and time domains. Schedulability analysis provides algorithms and methods for assigning physical and logical resources to the software objects and for analyzing and guaranteeing their time properties at design time. Furthermore, it provides guidelines on the deployment of logical architecture into physical architecture. Unfortunately, UML behavioral models are based on an implicit event-triggered model, quite unlike those assumed in real-time scheduling research. Furthermore, until the recent development of a specialized UML profile for schedulability analysis, the use of UML has been hindered by the lack of explicit support for common hard real-time abstractions. This chapter shows how fixed and dynamic priority scheduling theory can be applied to designs developed using a specialization of UML for real-time software. It provides a reference architecture for the development of real-time systems amenable to schedulability analysis and features a short survey on the most common realtime scheduling and analysis concepts and policies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. Burns. Preemptive Priority Based Scheduling: An Appropriate Engineering Approach. Advances in RealTime Systems, pages 225–248, S.H.Son, Prentice Hall, 1994.
M. Di Natale, A. L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, F. Balarin. “Task scheduling with RT constraints” Proceedings of the DAC Conference 2000. Los Angeles. 483–488.
M. Saksena and P. Karvelas. “Designing for Schedulability: Integrating Schedulability Analysis with Object-Oriented Design” Proceedings of the Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, Stockholm, June 2000.
J.L. Medina, M. González Harbour, and J.M. Drake. “MAST Real-Time View: A Graphic UML Tool for Modeling Object-Oriented Real-Time Systems”, Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2001), London, UK, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 245–256, December 2001.
B. Selic, G. Gullekson, and P. T. Ward. Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling. John Wiley and Sons, 1994.
A. Burns and A. J. Wellings. “HRT-HOOD: A Design Method for Hard Real-Time” Journal of Real-Time Systems, 6(1):73–114, 1994.
M.H. Klein and others. A Practitioner’s Handbook for Real-Time Analysis: Guide to Rate Monotonic Analysis for Real-Time Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham, MA, 1993.
C. Liu and J. Layland. “Scheduling algorithm for multiprogramming in a hard real-time environment” Journal of the ACM, 20(1):46–61, January 1973.
G. Buttazzo: Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1997.
B. Sprunt. Aperiodic task scheduling for real-time systems. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, August 1990.
J. Lehoczky. “Fixed priority scheduling of periodic task sets with arbitrary deadlines” Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium 1990, pages 201–209, 1990.
K. Tindell, A. Burns, and A.J. Wellings. “An extensible approach for analysing fixed priority hard real-time tasks”. Real-Time Systems Journal, 6(2), pp. 133–151, 1994.
V. Yodaiken. “Against Priority Inheritance”. FSMLABS technical report, July 9th, 2000 (available at http://www.linuxdevices.com/files/misc/yodaiken-july02.pdf).
L. Sha, R. Rajkumar and J. P. Lehoczky. “Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronization”. IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 39, No. 9. Sep. 1990.
B. P. Douglass: Doing Hard Time: Developing Real-Time Systems with Objects, Frameworks, and Patterns. Addison-Wesley, 1999.
A. Burns. “The Ravenscar Profile” ACM Ada Letters, XIX(4):49–52, Dec 1999.
A. Burns and A. Welling: “Restricted tasking models” Proceedings of the 8th International Real-Time Ada Workshop, pages 27–32. ACM Ada Letters, 1997.
K. Tindell, and J. Clark, “Holistic Schedulability Analysis for Distributed Hard Real-Time Systems”. Microprocessing & Microprogramming, Vol. 50, Nos.2–3, pp. 117–134, 1994.
J. C. Palencia Gutiérrez and M. González Harbour, “Schedulability Analysis for Tasks with Static and Dynamic Offsets”, Proceedings of the 19th Real-Time Systems Symposium, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 26–37, December 1998.
J. J. Gutiérrez García, J.C. Palencia Gutiérrez and M. González Harbour, “Schedulability Analysis of Distributed Hard Real-Time Systems with Multiple-Event Synchronization” Proceedings of 12th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, Stockholm (Sweden), IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 15–24, June 2000.
M. Saksena, P. Freedman, and P. Rodziewicz. “Guidelines for Automated Implementation of Executable Object Oriented Models for Real-Time Embedded Control Systems” Proceedings, IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium 1997, pages 240–251, December 1997.
M. Saksena, P. Karvelas, and Y. Wang. “Automatic synthesis of multi-tasking implementations from real-time object-oriented models”. Proceedings, IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, March 2000.
L. Kabous and W. Nebel. “Modeling hard real-time systems with uml the ooharts approach”. Proceedings, International Conference on Unified Modeling Language (UML’99), 1999.
M. Awad, J. Kuusela, and J. Ziegler. Object-Oriented Technology for Real-Time Systems: A Practical Approach using OMT and Fusion. Prentice Hall, 1996.
H. Gomaa: Software Design Methods for Concurrent and Real-Time Systems. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1993.
F. Balarin, M. Chiodo, P. Giusto, H. Hsieh, A. Jurecska, L. Lavagno, C. Passerone, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, E. Sentovich, K. Suzuki, B. Tabbara: Hardware-Software Co-Design of Embedded Systems: The Polis Approach. Kluwer Academic Press, June 1997.
F. Balarin, L. Lavagno, C. Passerone, Y. Watanabe: “Processes, Interfaces and Platforms. Embedded Software Modeling in Metropolis” Proc. of the EMSOFT Conference 2002, Grenoble, France: 407–416.
F. Balarin, Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli: “Schedule Validation for Embedded Reactive Real-Time Systems”. Proc. of the Design Automation Conference DAC 1997: 52–57.
Felice Balarin: “Stars in VCC: Complementing Simulation with Worst-Case Analysis”. Proc. Of the ICCAD Conference 2001: 471–478.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Di Natale, M., Saksena, M. (2003). Schedulability Analysis with UML. In: Lavagno, L., Martin, G., Selic, B. (eds) UML for Real. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48738-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48738-1_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-7501-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48738-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive